Biokarst on Limestone Coasts, Morphogenesis and Sediment Production   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Jürgen  Schneider Horst  Torunski 《Marine Ecology》1983,4(1):45-63

Abstract. Biokarst-forms on limestone coasts are developed and arranged according to the bionomic zonation. The development of biokarst is the result of bioerosion, a synergistic effect of biological corrosion by endoliths and biological abrasion by grazers.
The cumulative effect of biogenic carbonate destruction leads to coastal destruction with a resulting highly profiled morphology on the limestone surfaces along the coastal profile. Under the influence of environmental factors a zonation of organisms develops which brings in turn a zonation of erosion rates (0.1-1.1 mm a^-1) resulting in biokarst-forms such as rock holes, rock pools and notches.
Products of bioerosion on limestone coasts are dissolved carbonate (by biological corrosion, 10–30% of the decomposed limestone) and particulate carbonate (by biological abrasion, 70–90% of the decomposed limestone) both of which contribute directly or indirectly to nearshore sedimentation. Size and shape of the bioerosional grains are determined by the boring pattern of the endoliths. The fine-grained sediments (maximum within the fraction 20–63 μm) contribute 3–25 % to the nearshore sediments.
Drastic changes in the biological zonation (like the mass invasion of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus in the Northern Adriatic since 1972 which eliminated nearly the entire macrophyte zone) due to unknown factors or pollution can have a profound effect on the bioerosion rates, altering them by as much as a factor of ten.  相似文献   

厦门港岩石岸潮间带软体动物的生态   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

李复雪  蔡立哲 《台湾海峡》1994,13(1):43-51

本文根据１９８２年２月至１９８３年２月在厦门港岩石岩潮间带采集的软体动物，论述了其种类组成，数量分布，生活型及影响软件动物分布的主要环境因子，厦门港岩石岸潮间带共发现软动物５４种。其中，多板类６种，腹足类３３种，双壳类１５种，优势种有僧帽牡蛎，黑荞麦蛤，复瓦小蛇螺，粗糙滨螺等。与６０年代初调查结果比较得出，厦门港岩石岸潮间带的软体动物群落是相对稳定的，潮汐是决定河口结果比较得出，厦门港岩石岩潮间带  相似文献   

Changes in soils and vegetation in a Mediterranean coastal salt marsh impacted by human activities   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

J. lvarez-Rogel  F.J. Jimnez-Crceles  M.J. Roca  R. Ortiz 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,73(3-4):510-526

This paper reports changes in vegetation distribution and species cover in relation to soil factors and hydrology in a semiarid Mediterranean salt marsh adjacent to the Mar Menor saline lagoon. Species cover, soil salinity, and the groundwater level were monitored between 1991 and 1993 and between 2002 and 2004, and total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrates, ammonium and exchangeable phosphorus were measured in the soils in both study periods. In addition, three soil profiles were described in August 1992 and August 2004. The results indicate an elevation of the water table throughout the 13-year period, which was attributable to water flowing from areas with intensive agriculture. Flooding increased and soil salinity dropped in the most saline sites and increased in the least saline ones. The morphology of the soil profiles reflected the increase in flooding periods, due to the appearance of a greyer matrix in the deeper horizons and a more diffuse pattern of Fe mottles. Following these environmental changes, Sarcocornia fruticosa, Phragmites australis and Juncus maritimus strongly expanded at the wettest sites, which led to the disappearance of the original zonation pattern. The cover of Limonium delicatulum, in turn, decreased with the increase in moisture but increased following the increase in salinity. Changes in soil nutrients were only very evident in the sandy soils of the beach, probably due to the influence of organic debris deposited on the shoreline by the storms and due to the strong increase in the colonisation of this habitat by perennial species. According to the results obtained, control measures are needed in order to preserve habitat diversity in this and other salt marshes of this area. Monitoring of the vegetation distribution could be a useful tool to identify environmental impacts, in order to implement remedial actions.  相似文献   

Open source, spatial analysis, and activity-travel behaviour research: capabilities of the aspace package   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ron N. Buliung  Tarmo K. Remmel 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2008,10(2):191-216

This paper reports on recent experience with the development of aspace, an Open Source (OS) library for the geographic visualization and analysis of activity-travel behaviour. The paper begins with an overview of recent progress with respect to the convergence of Open Source technology, spatial analysis, and travel behaviour research. The remainder of the paper focuses on aspace; a collection of functions that, when combined with data describing the geographical location of daily activities, can be used to visualize and describe spatial properties of individual and household activity spaces. These properties include: size, orientation, shape, and the geographical dispersion of activity locations contained within the activity space. Several planar geometries are used to transform measurable spatial properties into intuitive objects for visualizing spatial patterns of activity participation. Experiments are conducted, using data from the first wave of the 2003 Toronto Travel Activity Panel Survey, to demonstrate the potential application of aspace for basic and applied policy-based research into activity-travel behaviour. The toolkit is distributed as a downloadable ‘package’ from the Open Source R Project for Statistical Computing.   相似文献   

GIS和RS技术在湿地资源研究中的应用——以大庆市湿地为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

金珊珊  臧淑英 《测绘与空间地理信息》2008,31(1):23-28

以大庆市湿地为研究对象,以地理信息系统和遥感技术为技术平台,介绍了湿地环境因子研究工作程序及湿地现状类型分布研究,分析了地理信息系统和遥感技术在湿地资源研究中的地位和作用,从而为GIS与RS技术在湿地资源应用研究中提供理论支持。  相似文献   

北京市野鸭湖湿地土壤盐渍化遥感监测与动态分析     

王颖 《城市地质》2008,3(1):22-26

以北京野鸭湖涅地为例,利用遥感影像,深入分析涅地地区盐渍化土壤的光谱特征,借助PCI和ENVI图像处理平台,进行盐渍化土壤专题信息的提取,得出涅地地区土壤盐渍化的动态演变趋势。  相似文献   

大连滨海湿地景观格局变化及其驱动机制   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

姜玲玲  熊德琪  张新宇  张弘 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2008,38(4)

以2000年和2006年TM卫星影像为主要数据源,配合其它非遥感数据,在遥感与地理信息系统技术支持下,运用景观生态学原理,选取反映景观空间结构和景观异质性的指数,对大连地区湿地的整体景观格局和类型景观格局及其动态变化进行定量分析.结果表明:6年间,大连湿地面积减少了97.62 km2;整体景观多样性指数和均匀度指数降低,优势度指数增加;各类景观格局时间序列上也存在明显差异性变化.湿地景观格局指数的变化, 反映了移山填海工业园区的扩大及养殖业的大力发展等人为活动对景观格局的深刻影响.人为活动已成为大连市湿地景观格局变化的主要驱动因子.  相似文献   

鱼耳石中锶和钡富集的影响因素及其环境响应   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

罗军燕  李胜荣  申俊峰 《地学前缘》2008,15(6):18

鱼耳石中元素锶和钡主要来源于鱼类生存的水体,这两种元素通过腮或肠进入内耳淋巴液,继而以类质同象的方式沉淀在耳石晶格内部空位和晶格间隙中。耳石结晶沉淀的整个过程不仅受生物的调控作用,而且还受到外界环境,如水体元素浓度、盐度、温度等因素的影响,因此耳石中某种元素的浓度与其在水体中的浓度之比(元素富集系数)与鱼类所生存的环境之间具有一定的响应关系。在以上各种因素中,水体元素浓度对耳石元素富集系数的影响最为显著。一般来说,耳石中某种元素的含量与水体中相应的元素浓度呈正相关关系,而水体中元素之间就耳石中的富集过程也存在一定的相互促进或抑制作用,如Sr对Ba为协同作用,Ca对Sr、Zn为拮抗作用。另外,水体盐度或温度与元素富集系数之间不存在简单的线性相关关系,而是因鱼种、水体综合环境及元素种类不同而有所差异。研究结果表明:鱼种一定的情况下,耳石中元素富集系数与水体盐度和温度存在良好相关关系。基于以上相关性分析,可以认为耳石中元素富集系数与环境因子(水体元素浓度、盐度、温度)之间存在响应关系。因此,可以选用那些受环境影响大但对自身调控影响小的元素(如:Sr、Zn、Pb、Mn、Ba、Fe、Li、Ni、Cd)来建立耳石与水体环境之间元素富集系数的定量化模型,并利用这种响应关系及定量化模型进行生态环境监测和渔业管理。  相似文献   

RATIONAL UTILIZATION OF MOUNTAIN SOILS IN SOUTHEAST QINGHAI-XIZANG (TIBETAN)PLATEAU     

Li Mingsen 《地理学报(英文版)》1996,(4)

ISoil-fo~gEnvironmentandMainSoilTrocsThesoLItheastQinghai-Xizang(Tibetan)PlateauwheretheHengduanMoUnains,eastempartoftheThmalayanandNyainqentanglhamoUnainsarelocatedextendsfrom25'to34"Nand92'to1O5'Ewithanareaof5OO,OOOkm',oraboutone-fiffooftheentireQinghai-XiZangPlateau.ItisatransitionalzoneofdeePdisseCtedmoUntainseXtendingsoutheastWardpenpherallowlandsandwichedin-betWeenSichuanBasinandcentralYunnanPlateau.Whletheterrainofthesmponinclinestosoutheast,thealtitudeofthevaIleysraises…  相似文献   

Mitigation of municipal solid waste leachate contamination at Payatas, Metro Manila, Philippines： A technical proposal     

Marvin Joseph Montefrio Kai Scene Ng Lee Yih Koh Erwin Torio Mark Hansley Chua Louernie de Sales-Papa Jeffrey Philip Obbard 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):122-122

The gross environmental condition of the Payatas Disposal Facility in Metro Manila, Philippines, implores the need for sustainable technologies to control and abate toxic municipal solid waste leachate and protect public health. A team of environmental engineers recognized this need by selecting the site as a design project for the Mondialogo Worldwide Engineering Award, sponsored by the United Nations and Daimler Chrysler. The project culminated in a technical proposal that highlighted the following design features： an impermeable dumpsite cap to control leachate generation; vertical impermeable barriers for containment and isolation of leachate; a drainage system to divert clean, surface water from the cap and prevent its contamination prior to discharge; a leachate recirculation system to enhance stabilisation of the waste deposit; and a facultative lagoon and constructed wetland system to treat excess leachate.  相似文献