Probability-consistent spectrum and code spectrum     

沈建文  石树中 《地震学报(英文版)》2004,17(1):99-108

IntroductionInChina,thecombinationofseismicdesigncodewithzoningmapofseismicintensityorgroundmotionparametersisusuallyadoptedtodeterminetheseismicfortificationcriterionforthegeneralindustryandcivilbuildings.Thepresentproceduresareasfollows.Accordingtothepro-jectlocation,thedesignbasicaccelerationofgroundmotionandthedesigncharacteristicperiodofresponsespectrumareobtainedfromthezoningmapofseismicgroundmotionparameters(GeneralAdministrationofQualitySupervision,InspectionandQuarantineofthePeople…  相似文献   

Strain field measurements of rubber by image analysis and design criteria for laminated rubber bearings (LRB)     

Chamindalal Sujeewa Lewangamage  Masato Abe  Yozo Fujino  Junji Yoshida 《地震工程与结构动力学》2004,33(4):445-464

Although seismic isolation rubber bearings in bridges and buildings have proven to be a very effective passive method for reducing earthquake‐induced forces, a detailed mechanical modeling of the rubber that is used in bearings under large strains has not been established. Therefore, a 3D model of failure behavior and the design criteria for the safety evaluation of seismic isolation bearings have not yet been developed. This paper presents: (1) correlation‐based template‐matching algorithms to measure large strain fields of continua; (2) a failure criterion for rubber; and (3) the design criteria for the safety evaluation of laminated algorithms, data‐validation algorithms were developed and implemented to eliminate possible unrealistic displacement vectors present in the measured displacement field. The algorithms were successfully employed in the strain field measurement of LRB and rubber materials that are subjected to failure. The measured local strains for rubber material at failure were used to develop a failure criterion for rubber. The validity of the proposed criterion was evaluated by applying it to the LRB; the criterion was introduced into a 3D finite element model of LRB, compared with the experimental results of bearings failure, and verified. Finally, design criteria are proposed for LRB for the safety evaluation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

区域滑坡泥石流灾害预警理论与方法研究   总被引：39，自引：4，他引：39  

刘传正 《水文地质工程地质》2004,31(3):1-6

根据数年来的调查观测研究和工作实践,提出了滑坡泥石流灾害的预警分类体系,包括按物理参量划分的空间、时间与强度预警和按诱发因素参量划分的气象、地震与人类活动预警以及多参数、多因素共同作用下的综合预警。初步创建了区域性滑坡泥石流灾害暴发的两种预警理论方法,一种是基于临界过程降雨量判据图的预警方法;另一种是基于GIS的地质环境空间分析预警理论方法,通过计算预警区的滑坡泥石流灾害"发育度"、"潜势度"、"危险度"和"危害度"来实现。阐述了滑坡泥石流灾害预警的技术和行政工作程序,指出建立临界过程降雨量判据与地质环境空间分析相耦合的滑坡泥石流灾害预警理论方法是研究的新方向。  相似文献   

基于梯度塑性理论的岩样在压剪条件下变形及稳定性分析     

王学滨 《岩土力学》2004,25(Z2):39-42

考虑了正应力及剪应力联合作用在岩样的端部,而且,在正应力被视为变量,剪应力被视为常量这一特殊条件下,对剪切带的变形特征及剪切带-带外弹性体系统的失稳判据进行了分析.根据剪切虎克定律及梯度塑性理论,提出了剪切带内部弹性应变、塑性应变及总应变的解析式,对上述三种应变进行积分,提出了剪切带错动弹性位移、塑性位移及总位移的解析式.利用压缩虎克定律及几何关系建立了剪切带外弹性体的刚度的表达式.根据刚度理论,建立了剪切带-带外弹性体系统的失稳判据.考虑岩样端面的剪切应力后,在流动剪切应力相同时,剪切带内部的弹性剪切应变(均匀分布)将增加;剪切带内部的塑性剪切应变(不均匀分布)将减小;剪切带的弹性剪切位移(线性分布)将增加;剪切带的塑性剪切位移(非线性分布)将减小;剪切带错动位移要小一些.另外,剪切应力对剪切带-带外弹性体系统的失稳判据没有影响.失稳判据仅和岩石的本构参数、剪切带倾角及结构尺寸有关.  相似文献   

双剪统一强度准则改进及其在岩土工程中的应用     

胡小荣  周洪华  胡昌斌 《岩土力学》2004,25(Z2):97-102

在分析Mohr-Coulomb强度准则和双剪统一强度准则的基础上,提出了主剪面应力对和主剪面应力对的作用这2个新概念,并以此为出发点,通过考虑十二面体单元主剪面上所有3个主剪面应力对的共同作用,在双剪强度准则的基础上提出了一个新准则,并对其作了极限线分析.应用该新强度准则研究了静水压力条件下圆形巷道围岩弹塑性分析和土压力计算问题.研究表明,该准则不仅能较好地非线性反映岩土的3个基本强度特征,还解决了双剪统一准则中存在的双重破坏角问题.  相似文献   

Difference information criterion for the analysis of a seismotectonic influence on a radon time-series at the KSM site, Japan   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Jens Hartmann 《Geophysical Journal International》2005,160(3):891-900

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Designing geotechnical structures with a proper stability criterion as a safety factor     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2016

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Stability analysis of tunnels driven in jointed rocks by means of a homogenized limit analysis approach     

Samir Maghous  José E. B. Winiawer  Vanessa F. Pasa Dutra 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2014,38(18):2009-2032

Conceived as a potential alternative to the classical design methods employed for analyzing the stability of underground structures driven in jointed rocks, the homogenization approach stems from the heuristic idea that, from a macroscopic point of view, a rock mass cut by a network of joints may be perceived as a homogenized continuum. The strength properties of the latter can be theoretically obtained from the failure conditions of its individual constituents: rock matrix and joint interfaces. At the material level, the limit analysis reasoning is used in the context of homogenization to formulate the homogenized strength criterion of a jointed rock mass in the particular situation of a single set of parallel joints. As it could be expected, the obtained closed‐form expressions show the strength anisotropy induced by joint preferential orientation. The support functions (π functions) associated with the homogenized strength criterion are also determined in both plane strain and three‐dimensional cases. This criterion is then applied to the investigation of stability analysis of a tunnel excavated in a jointed rock mass. Upper bounds estimated of the stability factor are derived from the implementation of the kinematic approach directly on the homogenized underground structure. Finally, the approach is applied to analyze and discuss the collapse of the Pinheiros subway station (São Paulo, Brazil). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Three‐dimensional shakedown solutions for anisotropic cohesive‐frictional materials under moving surface loads     

Juan Wang  Hai‐Sui Yu 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2014,38(4):331-348

Previous work on three‐dimensional shakedown analysis of cohesive‐frictional materials under moving surface loads has been entirely for isotropic materials. As a result, the effects of anisotropy, both elastic and plastic, of soil and pavement materials are ignored. This paper will, for the first time, develop three‐dimensional shakedown solutions to allow for the variation of elastic and plastic material properties with direction. Melan's lower‐bound shakedown theorem is used to derive shakedown solutions. In particular, a generalised, anisotropic Mohr–Coulomb yield criterion and cross‐anisotropic elastic stress fields are utilised to develop anisotropic shakedown solutions. It is found that shakedown solutions for anisotropic materials are dominated by Young's modulus ratio for the cases of subsurface failure and by shear modulus ratio for the cases of surface failure. Plastic anisotropy is mainly controlled by material cohesion ratio, the rise of which increases the shakedown limit until a maximum value is reached. The anisotropic shakedown limit varies with frictional coefficient, and the peak value may not occur for the case of normal loading only. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Cracking risk of partially saturated porous media—Part I: Microporoelasticity model     

Bernhard Pichler  Luc Dormieux 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2010,34(2):135-157

Drying of deformable porous media results in their shrinkage, and it may cause cracking provided that shrinkage deformations are hindered by kinematic constraints. This is the motivation to develop a thermodynamics‐based microporoelasticity model for the assessment of cracking risk in partially saturated porous geomaterials. The study refers to 3D representative volume elements of porous media, including a two‐scale double‐porosity material with a pore network comprising (at the mesoscale) 3D mesocracks in the form of oblate spheroids, and (at the microscale) spherical micropores of different sizes. Surface tensions prevailing in all interfaces between solid, liquid, and gaseous matters are taken into account. To establish a thermodynamics‐based crack propagation criterion for a two‐scale double‐porosity material, the potential energy of the solid is derived, accounting—in particular—for mesocrack geometry changes (main original contribution) and for effective micropore pressures, which depend (due to surface tensions) on the pore radius. Differentiating the potential energy with respect to crack density parameter yields the thermodynamical driving force for crack propagation, which is shown to be governed by an effective macrostrain. It is found that drying‐related stresses in partially saturated mesocracks reduce the cracking risk. The drying‐related effective underpressures in spherical micropores, in turn, result in a tensile eigenstress of the matrix in which the mesocracks are embedded. This way, micropores increase the mesocracking risk. Model application to the assessment of cracking risk during drying of argillite is the topic of the companion paper (Part II). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献