水压致裂法地应力测量若干问题的探讨   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘允芳  刘元坤 《地震研究》1999,22(3):265-272

在深层地应力测量中,水压致裂法是最有效的测量方法。本探讨了该方法的几个关键性问题,例如压裂特征参数的取值,三维地应力测量,压裂缝的方向,破裂准则和钻孔轴向秒是主应力的一个方向等问题。  相似文献   

The principle of coupled stress release model and its application   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘杰  石耀林  庄建仓 《地震学报(英文版)》1998,(3)

ＴｈｅｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅｏｆｃｏｕｐｌｅｄｓｔｒｅｓｒｅｌｅａｓｅｍｏｄｅｌａｎｄｉｔｓａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎＪＩＥＬＩＵ１）（刘杰）ＤＡＶＩＤＶＥＲＥＪＯＮＥＳ２）ＬＩＭＡ１）（马丽）ＹＡＯＬＩＮＳＨＩ３）（石耀林）ＪＩＡＮＣＡＮＧＺＨＵＡ...  相似文献   

Coordinative similitude law considering fluid‐structure interaction for underwater shaking table tests          下载免费PDF全文

Zhong‐Xian Li  Kun Wu  Yundong Shi  Ning Li  Yang Ding 《地震工程与结构动力学》2018,47(11):2315-2332

Generally, when a model is made of the same material as the prototype in shaking table tests, the equivalent material density of the scaled model is greater than that of the prototype because mass is added to the model to satisfy similitude criteria. When the water environment is modeled in underwater shaking table tests, however, it is difficult to change the density of water. The differences in the density similitude ratios of specimen materials and water can affect the similitude ratios of the hydrodynamic and wave forces with those of other forces. To solve this problem, a coordinative similitude law is proposed for underwater shaking table tests by adjusting the width of the upstream face of the model or the wave height in the model test to match the similitude ratios of hydrodynamic and wave forces with those of other forces. The designs of the similitude relations were investigated for earthquake excitation, wave excitation, and combined earthquake and wave excitation conditions. Series of numerical simulations and underwater shaking table tests were performed to validate the proposed coordinative similitude law through a comparison of coordinative model and conventional model designed based on the coordinative similitude law and traditional artificial mass simulation, respectively. The results show that the relative error was less than 10% for the coordinative model, whereas it reached 80% for the conventional model. The coordinative similitude law can better reproduce the dynamic responses of the prototype, and thus, this similitude law can be used in underwater shaking table tests.  相似文献   

影响我国热带气旋活动的气候特征及其与太平洋海温的关系   总被引：12，自引：13，他引：12  

林惠娟  张耀存 《热带气象学报》2004,20(2):218-224

基于小波包分解重构方法，利用NCEP／NCAR逐丑再分析资料，讨论了南亚夏季风与季内西太平洋副高活动的关系，提出和定义了用以诊断副高活动的夏季风频域能量判据。诊断结果除佐证了副高已有的一些研究结果和变化规律外，还揭示出副高与季风间一些新的关系特征。  相似文献   

金沙江下游支流黑水河松新电站幼鱼下行过坝研究     

李冬晴  柯森繁  许家炜  焦易林  白天翔  成必新  陶宇  王永猛  石小涛  孙干 《湖泊科学》2023,35(3):985-997

梯级小水电的开发一定程度上破坏了河流连通性并阻碍了鱼类洄游通道。黑水河流域松新坝址为了满足鱼类上行产卵修建了松新鱼道,然而作为洄游物种生命周期中的关键行为,鱼类下行洄游的需求也同等重要。为了寻求一种可行、高效、低损伤的下行过鱼方式,了解河流中不同环境因素对鱼类下行效率的影响,本研究在金沙江下游支流黑水河松新水电站补水通道开展鱼类下行过坝效果评估研究。针对两种鲤科鱼类(棒花鱼Abbottina rivularis和短须裂腹鱼Schizothorax wangchiachii)幼鱼和两种鳅科鱼类(短体副鳅Paracobitis potanini和红尾副鳅Paracobitis variegatus)幼鱼各放鱼90尾,定量分析鱼种、水体透明度、放鱼位置、流量、水温、水位等因素对鱼类下行效率的影响。结果表明:棒花鱼、短须裂腹鱼、短体副鳅、红尾副鳅的下行率依次为22.22%(20尾)、28.89%(26尾)、8.89%(8尾)、15.56%(14尾);幼鱼下行成功率与上游河道水温呈正相关趋势,且放鱼位置、鱼种、上游河道水温和流量均对鱼类下行成功率有显著影响。通过构建二元Logistic回归模型识...  相似文献   

边坡加固的抗震性能参数分析          下载免费PDF全文

高昂  张孟喜 《地震工程学报》2019,41(1):94-100

传统基于瑞典法的边坡加固抗震性能参数分析,通过建立强度参数与临界滑动面对应关系完成推导,由于因荷载过大,边坡建筑物抗震性能降低,准确率不高等问题,提出新的边坡加固抗震性能参数分析方法,对边坡加固的抗震性能参数进行分析,更好地通过加固提高其抗震性能。运用新型边坡加固抗震性能参数分析方法,采用基于极向条分的极限分析上限法和非线性Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则,分析边坡加固措施对边坡抗震性能的影响,通过对比有、无加固措施状态下不同能量功率的运算确定边坡抗震性能,利用MATLAB软件获取边坡加固抗震性能参数的最优解。经实验证明,边坡潜在破坏范围受边坡坡顶受荷和边坡加固情况的作用较大,地震荷载系数及非线性系数越大,土体强度非线性越小,边坡抗震性能受地震荷载的作用也越大。边坡抗滑桩最优抗震支护方位位于X_F/L_x=0.7处,在地震荷载从0上升至0.2的情况下,非线性系数为1.2、1.4、1.6以及2.0时的边坡抗震性能分别下降了40.1%、46.8%、57.5%以及61.5%。新型的抗震性能参数分析方法有效地提高了结果准确率,对边坡加固的抗震性能能达到准确分析。  相似文献   

考虑劣化屈服老化裂纹后混凝土水库堤坝排水边坡抗震性研究          下载免费PDF全文

石晶  李伟 《地震工程学报》2019,41(6):1506-1513

针对在水库堤坝排水边坡混凝土裂纹的抗震性研究中,未考虑岩土体抗剪强度参数的劣化屈服效应以及混凝土裂纹的老化,存在抗震性判断结果准确率较差等问题,提出水库堤坝排水边坡混凝土考虑老化后产生裂纹的抗震性能研究方法。模拟强震下边坡混凝土的开裂破坏过程,根据D-P屈服准则,实现对闸墩混凝土材料的屈服判断。采用薄层整体单元模拟和分离式裂纹单元,实现混凝土裂纹的数值模拟,加载地震波后,获取混凝土裂纹的强震响应规律与破坏特征。实验结果可知,本文方法对坝体位移变化的研究精度高,得到的混凝土裂纹扩展范围更为准。运用本文方法对水库堤坝排水边坡混凝土的抗震性研究准确率以及可信度较高,说明本文方法具有一定的可取性。  相似文献   

三类边坡失稳判据的统一性   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

涂义亮  刘新荣  钟祖良  杜立兵  王鹏 《岩土力学》2018,39(1):173-180

将热力学理论中材料破坏的能量机制引入边坡工程中,推导了强度折减过程中边坡的能量方程,利用FLAC3D二次开发了能量的计算程序,并应用于某经典边坡算例中。通过与Spencer法的计算结果对比发现：强度折减法中边坡的稳定性与能量变化关系紧密,由此提出了4种新的失稳判据--能量突变失稳判据,且4种能量突变失稳判据理论上是统一的。通过对比发现：动能突变判据与数值计算收敛性判据、重力势能降突变判据与特征点垂直位移突变判据、耗散能增量突变判据与塑性区贯通判据分别存在对应关系,证明了常见的3类失稳判据也是统一的。通过算例试算发现,3类判据判定结果不相等主要是由收敛标准和网格精度等人为因素造成的,本质上是因为数值计算是一种近似解。工程应用中,可通过3类失稳判据判定结果的一致性来自评安全系数的计算精度,一致性越好,精度越高。提高计算精度的根本办法是严格收敛标准和精细网格划分,但应同时兼顾数值计算的时长,从而实现计算效率最大化。  相似文献   

基于GSI值量化和修正方法的岩体力学参数确定     

姜光成  胡乃联  洪根意  李国清  方京珍 《岩土力学》2018,39(6):2211-2218

为了准确确定岩体力学参数,通过综合分析多种地质强度指标(GSI)量化方法,提出了一种改进的GSI值量化和修正方法。首先,利用测线法估算结构面平均间距(d)和岩体块度指数(RBI)的改进型岩体块度率(RBR),根据岩体三维结构面网络,获得岩体体积节理数(Jv)和岩体结构等级(SR),然后采用上述参数和结构表面条件(SCR)及结构表面特性参数(Jc)进行了GSI值的定量化处理。为了克服GSI体系的缺点,考虑结构面产状和地下水对岩体力学性质的影响,提出了GSI值的修正方法和公式。以某铅锌矿体的矿岩体为例,根据改进的GSI值量化和修正方法及Hoek-Brown强度准则来确定矿岩体力学参数,通过与原位变形试验的对比分析,验证了该方法的精确性和可行性。该方法为从室内岩石力学试验合理地获取节理岩体力学参数提供了理论及实现的依据。  相似文献   

Optimum design and application of non‐traditional tuned mass damper toward seismic response control with experimental test verification          下载免费PDF全文

Ping Xiang  Akira Nishitani 《地震工程与结构动力学》2015,44(13):2199-2220

A variant type of tuned mass damper (TMD) termed as ‘non‐traditional TMD (NTTMD)’ is recently proposed. Mainly focusing on the employment of TMD for seismic response control, especially for base‐isolated or high‐rise structures, this paper aims to derive design formulae of NTTMDs based on two methodologies with different targets. One is the fixed points theory with the performance index set as the maximum magnitude of the frequency response function of the relative displacement of the primary structure with respect to the ground acceleration, and the other is the stability maximization criterion (SMC) to make the free vibration of the primary structure decay in the minimum duration. Such optimally designed NTTMDs are compared with traditional TMDs by conducting both numerical simulations and experiments. The optimum‐designed NTTMDs are demonstrated to be more effective than the optimum‐designed traditional TMDs, with smaller stroke length required. In particular, the effectiveness of the TMDs combined with a base‐isolated structure is investigated by small‐scale model experimental tests subjected to a time scaled long period impulsive excitation, and it is demonstrated that the SMC‐based NTTMD can suppress structural free vibration responses in the minimum duration and requires much smaller accommodation space. Additionally, a small‐scale shaking table experiment on a high‐rise bending model attached with a SMC‐based NTTMD is conducted. This study indicates that NTTMD has a high potential to apply to seismic response control or retrofit of structures such as base‐isolated or central column‐integrated high‐rise structures even if only a limited space is available for accommodating TMDs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献