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71.
Biodegradation and oil mixing in Silurian sandstone reservoirs of the Tarim Basin, one of the largest composite basins in China, were investigated by analyzing the molecular characteristics and stable carbon isotopic signatures of low-molecular-weight (LMW) saturated hydrocarbons and high-molecular-weight (HMW) asphaltenes. Detection of 25-norhopanes and 17-nortricyclic terpanes in most Silurian tar sands from the Tabei Uplift in the Tarim Basin suggests a much greater degree of biodegradation here than in the Tazhong Uplift. This explains the relatively more abundant tricyclic terpanes, gammacerane, pregnane and diasteranes in tar sands from the Tabei Uplift than in those from the Tazhong Uplift. Hence, care must be taken when assigning oil source correlations using biomarkers in tar sands because of the biodegradation and mixing of oils derived from multiple sources in such an old composite basin. Asphaltenes in the tar sands seem to be part of the oil charge before biodegradation, depending on the relative anti-biodegradation characteristics of asphaltenes, the similarity in carbon isotopic signatures for asphaltenes and their pyrolysates, and the consistent product distribution for flash pyrolysis and for regular steranes in asphaltene pyrolysates, regardless of whether the tar sands were charged with fresh oil. According to the relative distributions of regular steranes and the relatively abundant 1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene significantly enriched in 13C, the oil sources for asphaltenes in the tar sands might be related to lower Paleozoic marine source rocks formed in euxinic conditions. Nevertheless, the relatively low abundance of gammacerane and C28 regular steranes observed in asphaltene pyrolysates and residual hydrocarbons, within limited samples investigated in this work, made a direct correlation of oils originally charged into Silurian tar sands with those Cambrian source rocks, reported so far, seem not to be possible. Comparison of carbon isotopic signatures of n-alkanes in asphaltene pyrolysates with those of LMW saturated hydrocarbons is helpful in determining if the abundant n-alkanes in tar sands are derived from fresh oil charges after biodegradation. The limited carbon isotopic data for n-alkanes in LMW saturated hydrocarbons from the tar sands can be used to classify oils charged after biodegradation in the composite basin into four distinct groups. 相似文献
72.
A series of hydraulic model tests are carried out to investigate random wave run-up and overtopping on smooth, impermeable single slope and composite slope. Based on analysis of the influences of wave steepness, structure slope, incident wave angle, width of the berm and water depth on the berm and the wave run-up, empirical formulas for wave run-up on dike are proposed. Moreover, empirical formula on estimating the wave run-up on composite slope with multiple berms is presented for practical application of complex dike cross-section. The present study shows that the influence factors for wave overtopping are almost the same as those for wave run-up and the trend of the wave overtopping variation with main influence parameters is also similar to that for wave run-up. The trend of the wave overtopping discharge variations can be well described by two main factors, i.e. the wave run-up and the crest freeboard of the structure. A new prediction method for wave overtopping discharge is proposed for random waves. The proposed prediction formulas are applied to case study of over forty cases and the results show that the prediction methods are good enough for practical design purposes. 相似文献
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75.
介孔TiO2分子筛的复合模板合成 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以钛酸异丙酯为钛源,吐温-60和十二胺为复合模板剂,通过控制反应液的pH值,采用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-G el)工艺合成出介孔T iO2前驱体,并通过热处理除去模板剂,得锐钛型介孔T iO2。合成产物采用粒度分布、SEM、TEM、XRD及等温N2吸附进行分析表征。研究表明:以硫酸为水解抑制剂,控制体系pH值为3,可以有效抑制钛酸异丙酯(TT IP)的水解缩聚速率,合成前驱体经热处理脱模后得锐钛型介孔T iO2,孔道有序度提高,介孔孔道收缩变小,晶粒尺寸L101=11.02 nm;颗粒粒度分布变窄,粒径减小,平均粒径为0.587μm;介孔T iO2孔径分布窄,平均孔径为4.0 nm,BET比表面积为143.2 m2/g,孔容0.16cm3/g。 相似文献
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Guo XuequanSoutheast Hubei Geological Party Hubei Bureau of Geology Mineral Resources Daye Hubei 《《地质学报》英文版》1994,68(3)
This paper discusses geological-geophysical-geochemical models of such typical deposits as the Tieshan-type Fe-Cu deposit, the Tonglushan-type Cu-Fe deposit, the Yehuaxiang-type Cu deposit, the Jiguanzui-type Cu-Au deposit, and the Tongshankou-type Cu (Mo) deposit. The models were established based on practical data of the polymetallic deposits dominated by copper ore in southeastern Hubei. These models, which are graphically illustrated in the paper, systematically summarize the metallogenic geological conditions and the geophysical-geochemical characteristics of copper deposits in this area. The models are of practical significance for studying copper deposits, predicting mineral resources, choosing exploration methods, and searching for ore deposits based on existing ones in the study area. 相似文献
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79.
白牛厂银多金属矿床银的赋存形式及银矿物特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
矿床产在燕山期花岗岩外接触带,受北西向层间滑动构造破碎带控制。含矿热液沿构造破碎带充填,形成规模很大的、连续性极好的、银锡铅锌均分别达到大型的复合矿体。成矿具多成因、多期、多阶段的特点。银主要呈银矿物形式存在,银矿物又主要是多阶段的银锑-银铜锑-银铅锑等硫盐矿物。银矿物粒度很细,多呈包嵌形式存在,与方铅矿关系特别密切。经矿相配合能谱系统研究,辅以部分单矿物分析,初步查明其分布、富集、相互关系及矿物物性特征。 相似文献
80.
本文就在藏北草资源调查中,应用空间实验室量测摄影机(MC)摄得的彩色红外影像,及根据遥感影像目视判读所利用的信息空间特点和草场分类原理进行计算机自动分类的理论与方法,对利用辅助数据和影像数据复合技术的几种尝试进行了讨论,并依实地调查资料和专家判读结果对各种分类结果进行了评价。说明利用这种航天遥感资料,辅以Landsat影像生物量指标、DTM和坡度、坡向数据以及计算机自动分类技术,进行资源调查是可行的,可以达到最佳效果。 相似文献