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11.
The objectives of this present research were to assess the heritability of growth traits under low temperature conditions in turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.), and to analyze the correlation between body weight(BW) and body length(BL). There were 536 individuals from 25 full- and half-sib families involved in this study. During the entire 90-day period, which was initiated at 233 dph(day old) and ended at 323 dph, the individuals' BW and BL were weighed consecutively six times every 18 days. The heritability of BW and BL and the correlation between these two traits were estimated based on an individual animal model with the derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood(DFREML) method. These results showed that the specific growth rates(SGR) of 25 families was from 0.75±0.11 to 1.05±0.14 under water temperature of 10.5–12°C. In addition, the heritability of BW and BL estimated under low-temperature were 0.32±0.04 and 0.47±0.06, respectively. The BW had a medium heritability(0.2–0.4), and the BL had a high heritability(0.45), which suggested that selection for increased weight and length was feasible. Moreover, there was potential for mass selection on growth. The genetic and phenotypic correlations between BW and BL were 0.95±0.01 and 0.91±0.01(P 0.01), respectively. A significant correlation between BW and BL showed that BL could be instead of BW for indirect selection, which could be effectively implemented in the breeding program. 相似文献
12.
A bstract In the present study,the effect of one-generation divergent selection on the growth and survival of the bay scallop(Argopecten irradians concentricus)was examined to evaluate the effi cacy of a selection program currently being carried out in Beibu Bay in the South China Sea.A total of 146 adult scallops were randomly selected from the same cultured population of A.i.concentricus,and divided into two groups in shell length(anterior-posterior measurement): large(4.91–6.02 cm,n=74)and small(3.31–4.18 cm,n=72).At the same time,a control group was also randomly sampled(4.21–4.88 cm,n=80).Mass-spawned F 1 progenies from the three size groups were obtained and reared under identical conditions at all growth phases.The effects of two-way(or upward-downward)selection on fertilization rate,hatching rate,survival rate,daily growth in shell length and body weight were assessed in the three size groups.Results show that signifi cant differences(P0.01)were found in hatching rate,survival rate and daily growth of F 1 progenies,but not in fertilization rate(P0.05),among the three groups.The hatching rate,survival rate and daily growth of the progeny of large-sized parents were greater than those of the control group(P0.05),which in turn were larger than those of small-sized group(P0.05).Responses to selection by shell length and body weight were 0.32±0.04 cm and 2.18±0.05 g,respectively,for the upward selection,and-0.14±0.03 cm and-2.77±0.06 g,respectively,for the downward selection.The realized heritability estimates of shell length and body weight were 0.38±0.06 cm and 0.22±0.07 g for the upward selection,and 0.24±0.06 cm and 0.37±0.09 g for the downward selection,respectively.The change in growth by bidirectional selection suggests that high genetic variation may be present in the cultured bay scallop population in China. 相似文献
13.
菲律宾蛤仔不同品系斑马蛤的选择反应及现实遗传力 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对菲律宾蛤仔中的斑马蛤、黑斑马、白斑马三品系进行混合选择,测量了各实验组的壳长,计算了不同品系斑马蛤的选择反应和现实遗传力。结果表明:3个品系的上选组壳长均大于对照组,说明单向上选是行之有效的遗传改良方法。在不同的生长发育阶段,斑马蛤品系的选择反应(R)和现实遗传力(2Rh)出现阶段性变化,从平均水平上看,R在幼虫期为0.688±0.184,稚贝期为0.605±0.214,养成期为0.670±0.120;2Rh在幼虫期为0.392±0.081,稚贝期为0.344±088,养成期为0.380±0.058。从一周年的生长情况来看,三个品系总的R为0.654±0.179,斑马蛤、黑斑马蛤和白斑马蛤品系的R分别为0.655±0.155、0.525±0.116、0.782±0.170;三个品系总的2Rh为0.373±0.070,斑马蛤、黑斑马蛤和白斑马蛤品系的2Rh分别为0.372±0.042、0.300±0.028、0.445±0.031。不同品系间R和2Rh次序为白斑马斑马蛤黑斑马,说明各斑马蛤品系的选择效果是不同的,品系间存在着一定程度的遗传差异。 相似文献
14.
To quantify the response to selection,heritability and genetic correlations between weight and size of Litopenaeus vannamei,the body weight (BW),total length (TL),body length (BL),first abdominal segment depth (FASD),third abdominal segment depth (TASD),first abdominal segment width (FASW),and partial carapace length (PCL) of 5-month-old parents and of offspring were measured by calculating seven body measurings of offspring produced by a nested mating design.Seventeen half-sib families and 42 full-sib families ofL.vannamei were produced using artificial fertilization from 2-4 dams by each sire,and measured at around five months post-metamorphosis.The results show that heritabilities among various traits were high:0.515士0.030 for body weight and 0.394士0.030 for total length.After one generation of selection,the selection response was 10.70% for offspring growth.In the 5"’ month,the realized heritability for weight was 0.296 for the offspring generation.Genetic correlations between body weight and body size were highly variable.The results indicate that external morphological parameters can be applied during breeder selection for enhancing the growth without sacrificing animals for determining the body size and breed ability;and selective breeding can be improved significantly,simultaneously with increased production. 相似文献
15.
蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)养成期壳长遗传力与育种值估计 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用巢式设计构建了菲律宾蛤仔的8个父系半同胞家系和24个全同胞家系。在90、300、330和450日龄,每个家系随机取30个个体测量壳长,并对数据进行遗传分析。将全同胞效应、母本效应和移入土池时壳长协变量组合成8个不同模型,应用REML法估计遗传力,BLUP法估计育种值。结果表明,移入土池时各家系平均壳长协变量是重要影响因子,全同胞效应和母本效应影响较小。在90、300和330日龄的最优模型为考虑加性遗传效应和移入土池时各家系平均壳长协变量的模型AB,450日龄的最优模型为仅考虑加性遗传效应的模型A。应用最优模型估计的90、300、330和450日龄壳长遗传力分别为0.571、0.966、0.622和0.865。应用最优模型估计育种值,对表型值选择法和育种值选择法比较的结果表明,对家系进行选择时,在300日龄用育种值选择法比表型值选择法平均壳长高3.56%,在90和330日龄时比表型值选择法分别低1.53%和3.71%。对个体进行选择时,按照10%和1%留种,在90、300和330日龄表型选择法比育种值选择法高16.86%、2.54%,16.27%和24.51%、2.03%,23.23%。除在300日龄对家系进行选择时育种值选择法优于表型值选择法外,表型值选择法均优于育种值选择法。 相似文献
16.
Selection for growth performance of tank-reared Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Seven growth-related traits were measured to assess the selection response and genetic parameters of the growth of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, which had been domesticated in tanks for more than four generations. Phenotypic and genetic parameters were evaluated and fitted to an animal model. Realized response was measured from the difference between the mean growth rates of selected and control families. Realized heritability was determined from the ratio of the selection responses and selection differentials. The animal model heritability estimate over generations was 0.44±0.09 for body weight (BW), and ranged from 0.21±0.08 to 0.37±0.06 for size traits. Genetic correlations of phenotypic traits were more variable (0.51–0.97), although correlations among various traits were high (>0.83). Across generations, BW and size traits increased, while selection response and heritability gradually decreased. Selection responses were 12.28%-23.35% for harvest weight and 3.58%–13.53% for size traits. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.34±0.09 to 0.48±0.15 for harvest weight and 0.17±0.01–0.38±0.11 for size traits. All phenotypic and genetic parameters differed between various treatments. To conclude, the results demonstrated a potential for mass selection of growth traits in L. vannamei. A breeding scheme could use this information to integrate the effectiveness constituent traits into an index to achieve genetic progress. 相似文献
17.
The inability of Fenneropenaeus chinensis to tolerate low temperatures is of major economic concern in temperate climates,as it reduces their growing season and leads to over-winter mortality.In this study,the heritability of body weight under low grow-out temperature and cold tolerance in F.chinensis were first investigated and estimated using 88 ful-sib families,which might provide crucial information in Chinese fleshy prawn breeding programs.The heritability for body weight under suitable and low temperature of F.chinensis were both moderate(0.158 0±0.307 5 and 0.132 0±0.026 9 respectively);the large coefficient of variation(approximately 21%) and moderate estimate of heritability for body weight indicated substantial potential for selective breeding.The heritability estimate for cold tolerance was low(0.019 2±0.023 5),and showed no significant differences from zero(P0.05).A weak genetic correlation between cold tolerance and body weight was also estimated in the present study,also showing no significant differences from zero(P0.05).Thus,more research needs to be conducted on the more accurate heritability estimate of cold tolerance and genetic correlations between traits in F.chinensis to further improve the achievement of breeding goals. 相似文献
18.
为了开展大菱鲆耐高温选育工作，对其进行耐高温性状及其相关生长性状的遗传评估是非常必要的。以来源于英国、法国、丹麦和挪威4个国家的不同群体构建大菱鲆选育家系，利用F1的20个和F2的22个耐高温选育家系进行耐高温实验，统计耐高温评估指标（UTT）和相应的实验鱼体重（每个家系选取40-50尾实验鱼）。基于Gibbs抽样的贝叶斯方法，采用包含母性效应和不包含母性效应的两种动物模型，对大菱鲆耐高温（UTT）和生长性状的遗传力以及这两个性状间的遗传相关和表型相关进行分析。结果表明，基于不包含母性效应的动物模型估计的体重和耐高温性状的遗传力以及这两个性状之间的表型相关和遗传相关分别为0.239±0.141,0.111±0.080,0.075±0.026和-0.019±0.011。基于包含母性效应的动物模型估计的这4个值分别为0.203±0.115,0.055±0.026,0.047±0.034和-0.024±0.028,体重和耐高温性状的母性效应分别为0.050±0.017和0.013±0.004。母性效应对这两个性状的遗传评估有一定的影响。本文的研究结论为制订合理的大菱鲆耐高温育种规划提供了理论依据。 相似文献
19.
牙鲆是太平洋西岸海水养殖、捕捞和自然增殖的主要鱼类,但是人工养殖病害多、生长慢,针对这一问题,从2003年开始开展了牙鲆选择育种。本文利用筛选和培育的F1、F2代牙鲆家系核心群体,构建了F3代家系52个,在生长到196d时,对家系1 560尾鱼苗全长、体宽、体质量、全长日增量和体重日增量5个生长性状进行测量和计算,获得7 800个数据。采用"加性-显性"线性模型、最小范数二阶无偏估计法(MINQUE)对以上生长性状的边际平均值、加性方差分量、显性方差分量、随机方差分量、狭义遗传力、广义遗传力、亲本加性效应、杂交随机效应等遗传参数进行了评估。结果显示:1202、1206、1226和1211家系以上生长性状的边际平均值同时显著高于其他家系。以上5个生长性状的加性方差分量比率为(0.099±0.01)~(0.24±0.02),显性方差分量比率(0.30±0.02)~(0.31±0.02),随机方差分量比率(0.48±0.02)~(0.61±0.01),5个性状狭义遗传力0.099~0.24,广义遗传力0.38~0.54,以上遗传参数均达极显著性水平(P0.01)。综合比较18个亲本5个性状的加性效应预测值,发现F0917、F0908、F0905、F0915、F09125和KS(韩国牙鲆)亲本在5个性状上都具有极显著的正向效应(P0.01),其他亲本5个性状都不同程度的表现为显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)的负向加性效应。对42个杂交组合显性随机效应进行预测,D(2×6)、D(2×18)、D(3×4)、D(7×12)、D(7×14)和D(8×13)6个杂交组合在5个性状上都表现为极显著(P0.05)正效应,利用这些杂交组合建立家系将促进牙鲆以上5个性状的生长。本文研究结果,为牙鲆优良家系的建立及新品种的培育初步筛选出了性状优良的亲本、杂交组合和家系,同时为牙鲆进一步选择育种提供了理论和技术依据。 相似文献
20.
