土流变学研究现状与趋势   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王常明 《世界地质》1998,17(4):33-37

土流变学是研究土流变性的科学,包括宏观力学和微观结构两个研究方面。其中就这两方面阐述了国际土流变学的研究现状和我国土流变学研究水平,并对今后的研究趋势作了展望。  相似文献   

The dynamical and liquid water structure of the small cumulus as determined from its environment     

James W. Telford  Peter B. Wagner 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1980,118(2):935-952

This paper examines the evidence for the model of a small cumulus cloud represented as a quasi static but turbulent entity, growing on the upshear side and decaying on the downshear side. While the air just outside the cloudy outline is, on average, stationary relative to the embedding airmass, there is a slight flow, upwards and forward as though the updraft has induced upward motion in the clear air outside the cloud, on the growing side. On the decaying side the motion is downwards and away from the cloud.This is a flow pattern which is not consistent with the air flowing around the cloud as it moves forward but it agrees well with the picture given. Decayed remnants of cloud are found throughout the air previously occupied by the cloud. The cloud outline moves through the embedding air at a velocity which is almost as large as the relative motion of the subcloud feeding airflow (which is almost free from internal wind shear in strong convection).The mixing of dry air from above the inversion yields the observed diluted liquid water content in small cumuli, if such mixing is allowed to proceed until the cloud density equals that of the surrounding air. Quantitative conditions relating the liquid water to inversion temperature and moisture changes, and to the stability of the environment are presented. The strong vertical mixing from the top of the cloud downwards is important to microphysical processes.  相似文献   

甘肃省河西地区气候对流量影响的初步分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

袁玉江  桑修诚 《高原气象》1998,17(2):211-217

利用单相关、典型相关、响应函数、逐步回归方法,从不同角度分析了甘肃河西地区气候对河流年径流总量的影响,主要结果表明;（１）在河西地区,水文年降水量是影响流量变化的主要导因子,其作用是全区性的,它决定流量场的空间分布特征;而５￣９月平均温度是辅助性因子,通过影响高山冰雪融化对流量起培加作用,其影响主要表现在西部的疏勒河。（２）河西地区年径流量对当年１,４￣５月及７￣８月的降水具有显著的影响,其中对４  相似文献   

Computational microstructure modeling to estimate progressive moisture damage behavior of asphaltic paving mixtures     

Hoki Ban  Yong‐Rak Kim  Suk‐Keun Rhee 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(13):2005-2020

This paper presents a computational microstructure model to estimate the progressive moisture damage of multiphase asphaltic paving mixtures. Moisture damage because of water transport is incorporated with mechanical loading through a finite element method. To simulate nonlinear damage evolution in the mixtures, the model includes Fickian moisture diffusion, a cohesive zone model to simulate the gradual fracture process, and a degradation characteristic function to represent the reduction of material properties because of moisture infiltration. With the model developed, various parametric analyses are conducted to investigate how each model parameter affects the material‐specific moisture damage mechanism and damage resistance potential of the mixtures. Analysis results clearly demonstrate the significance of physical and mechanical properties of mixture components and geometric characteristics of microstructure for the better design of asphaltic paving mixtures and roadway structures. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于贝叶斯正则化BP神经网络的DEM趋势面逼近   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

陈再辉  江丽钧  朱晓燕  江伟勇 《海洋测绘》2009,29(4):32-34

趋势面从宏观上揭示了研究对象的特性，在各领域发挥着重要作用。BP神经网络可以对复杂系统进行无限逼近，进而进行预测。建立了基于贝叶斯正则化BP神经网络的数字高程模型趋势面，与二次多项式建立的数字高程模型趋势面进行比较分析，证明了该方法的可行性和有效性。  相似文献   

虚拟参考站（VRS）在汶川地震灾区应急测绘基准建设中的应用     

黄治荣  田永明  殷达伟 《四川测绘》2009,32(5):218-221

随着测绘技术的不断进步，基于虚拟参考站VRS（Virtual Reference Station）技术的出现，为RTK测量提供了新的技术平台，给测绘行业带来了革命性的变化。本文就VRS技术在汶川地震灾区应急测绘基准建设中的成功运用做了详细的介绍和分析，对同类型的测绘基准建设有着很好的参考和借鉴作用。  相似文献   

毛乌素沙地植被水分利用效率的时空格局     

王姣月  秦树高  张宇清 《中国沙漠》2020,40(5):120-129

水分利用效率（WUE）是衡量生态系统碳水循环耦合程度的重要指标，明晰其动态变化规律有助于判断区域植被生态建设是否与当地的自然条件相适应。利用基于CASA（Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach）模型得到的植被净初级生产力（NPP）数据和MODIS系列产品中的蒸散发（ET）数据，估算了2001—2016年毛乌素沙地植被的WUE，并探讨了其时空演变特征及与气象因子的关系。结果显示：（1）WUE的多年平均值为0.62 gC·mm^-1·m^-2，空间上自东向西递减，在不同植被类型间表现为栽培植物>灌丛>草甸>草原>荒漠；（2）WUE以0.009 gC·mm^-1·m^-2·a^-1的速率上升，东部地区变化尤为显著，NPP的快速增长是WUE呈增加趋势的主要原因；（3）WUE与各气象因子的相关程度由大至小依次为太阳辐射、降水量、风速和气温，分布在西部地区的荒漠植被WUE受气象因子影响最小。经过一系列生态建设工程的治理，毛乌素沙地大部分地区自2001年以来NPP和WUE均呈增加趋势，即生态系统在变“绿”的同时还实现了水分的高效利用，有利于当地生态环境的健康发展；但在水热条件较差的中西部地区，新建设的植被生长缓慢且导致蒸散发产生强烈变化，使WUE呈减少趋势，暴露出植被建设规模与水资源承载能力不匹配的问题，需引起格外重视。  相似文献   

Biometric,microstructural, and high-resolution trace element studies in Crassostrea gigas of Cantabria (Bay of Biscay,Spain): Anthropogenic and seasonal influences     

R. Higuera-Ruiz  J. Elorza 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

Living Crassostrea gigas oysters of different ages and sizes were collected in three estuaries of Cantabria (Bay of Biscay, Spain): San Vicente de la Barquera Estuary, Santander Bay, and Marismas de Santoña Estuary. The main objective was to determine different shell responses to variable environmental parameters. A shell morphological study, based on three biometric indices, indicates that oysters of Santander Bay have two significant shell anomalies: abnormal thickening of the right valve and loss of vital cavity volume. These shell abnormalities are related with the presence in these waters of the chemical tributyltin. In the other two estuaries, the oysters show no detectable anomalies. Four shell microstructures have been distinguished: Regular Simple Prismatic, Regular Foliated, cone-Complex Cross Foliated, and Chalk. In Santander Bay oysters, the Chalk forms a “root-type” framework, whereas in the other two estuaries it forms a more compact microstructure. It is proposed that exposure to tributyltin has produced this modification. High-spatial-resolution geochemical transects have been carried out on the Regular Foliated microstructure in the umbo region in order to evaluate the distribution of Mg, Sr, and Na. The elements analysed exhibit clear cyclic variations in San Vicente de la Barquera Estuary and Marismas de Santoña Estuary oysters, related with seasonal periods, and characterised by broad maxima during months in which the waters are warmer and have higher salinity. These patterns are buffered in Santander Bay oysters. Our results demonstrate that biometric, microstructural, and high-resolution trace element studies in oyster shells can provide information about contaminants and seasonal variations in the estuarine environment.  相似文献   

空间信息服务在RFID物流管理系统中的应用研究     

边馥苓  孟小亮 《测绘软科学研究》2009,(3):26-30

RFID（射频识别）中间件技术是RFID产业化的关键技术,分布式环境下的信息交换是这项技术的主要研究方向之一。随着企业对空间位置信息的关注需求日益增大,空间信息服务也成为RFID中间件中必不可少的组成部分。本文介绍了RFID中间件和空间信息服务的概念,通过一个RFID物流管理系统应用实例研究了空间信息服务在RFID中间件中提供空间信息操作,处理与交换的应用。  相似文献   

文蛤Meretrix meretrix血细胞形态与分类     

李俊辉  刘亮明  杜晓东  邓岳文 《广东海洋大学学报》2009,29(4):75-78

光镜观察湛江南三地区文蛤血细胞的形态与结构特征,并进行分类。按细胞大小、形态和结构特征可将文蛤血细胞分为4类:透明细胞、小颗粒细胞、大颗粒细胞和淋巴细胞。细胞直径有统计学上显著性差异(P<0.05),分别为10.11±0.44μm、10.99±0.32μm、9.63±0.41μm和9.22±0.25μm。透明细胞是血细胞中的主要成分,细胞质中无颗粒;小颗粒细胞的细胞质中存在大量细小颗粒;大颗粒细胞细胞质中的颗粒直径有1.0～2.5μm;淋巴细胞是血细胞中含量最少的,有很高的核质比,大约为0.5。  相似文献