Field and Theoretical Study of the Response of Super-Long Bored Pile Subjected to Compressive Load     

Shu-cai Li  Qian Zhang  Li-ping Li 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2016,34(1):71-78

In this article, two full-scale pile loading tests were conducted to observe the field performance of the super-long bored piles, and a simplified approach for nonlinear analysis of the load-displacement behavior of a single pile was presented. The field tests on piles indicates that, under the maximum test load, more than 70% of the pile top settlement is caused by the compression of pile shaft. For practical purposes, the pile top settlement can be reduced through improving the pile shaft strength. When the load reaches the maximum test load, the proportion of the load carried by the pile tip is approximately 30%. The super-long pile is functioning as an end-bearing friction pile. The skin friction at shallow depth is fully mobilized and decreases from a peak value with increasing load. However, the skin friction of deeper soil is not fully developed due to less relative displacement. Furthermore, a BoxLucas1 model is used to capture the relationship between unit skin friction and pile-soil relative displacement, whereas a hyperbolic model is used to describe the relationship between toe stress and pile base displacement. Based on the BoxLucas1 model and the hyperbolic model, a load transfer method is used to clarify the response of a single pile, and a computational flow chart is developed. The efficiency and accuracy of the present method is verified using the field tests on piles. The proposed simple analytical approach is economical and efficient, resulting in savings in time and cost.  相似文献   

A limnological study of four lakes near Rotorua     

G. R. Fish 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):165-194

Four lakes (Okataina, Rotoehu, Ngapouri and Okaro), near Rotorua, New Zealand, were studied in 1960–66 and their physical features noted. The seasonal changes in water temperature and heat budgets throughout the depth of the lakes were followed through several cycles, and differences between lakes correlated with the altitude and size. The status of the lakes ranged from oligotrophic to eutrophic; changes in values for dissolved oxygen, both diurnal and seasonal, are interpreted in terms of their primary production. The partition of some dissolved substances during thermal stratification and immediately after overturn is described and the biological consquences are noted. The hypolimnetic oxygen deficit, however, was found to be correlated with primary production only when a depth factor was incorporated in the expression.

The data were compared with those from lakes in other parts of the world. The value of various published correlations with biological production is discussed; a possible explanation is put forward for the comparatively high heat budget of Lake Okataina.  相似文献   

不同温度对方斑东风螺生理代谢的影响     

孙云超  马蜻霞  王爱民  杨毅  於锋  顾志峰  刘春胜 《海洋科学》2022,46(12):183-190

为了研究温度对方斑东风螺(Babylonia areolata)能量收支的影响,作者采用室内静水法,分析了不同养殖水体温度条件下方斑东风螺幼螺的摄食率、排粪率、耗氧率、排氨率、黏液排泄率的变化规律。结果表明,方斑东风螺摄食率、排粪率、耗氧率和排氨率均随温度升高呈现先上升后下降趋势。其中各温度处理组摄食率差异显著(P<0.05),在23℃时最低为2.548±0.093mg/(g/h),29℃时最高为4.958±0.150 mg/(g/h);排粪率为1.695±0.037～2.892±0.074 mg/(g/h),在29℃时达到最高;耗氧率在29℃时最高为0.437±0.054mg/(g/h), 23℃时最低为0.202±0.027 mg/(g/h);在本实验条件下,方斑东风螺排氨率为0.009±0.001～0.025±0.003mg/(g/h),各温度处理组间均有显著差异(P<0.05),且在29℃时最高为0.025±0.003 mg/(g/h)。黏液排泄率在23℃时最高为0.030±0.001 mg/(g/h),显著高于其他各温度组(P<0.05)。基于不同温度下能量...  相似文献   

牙鲆病原秦皇岛弧菌的血清型及荧光抗体检验     

陈翠珍  房海  张晓君  范莉 《海洋通报》2007,26(1):45-49

用分离于病(死)牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus L.)的一种新病原弧菌——秦皇岛弧菌(Vibrio qinhuangdaora sp.nov.)的代表菌株(HQ010712-1株),分别制备全菌(OK)及热处理(121℃作用1h)的菌体(O)免疫原,强化免疫接种家兔制备相应抗血清,对供试12株秦皇岛弧菌进行了血清型检定,结果表明均存在同种的K抗原和同种的O抗原(血清同源),其中O抗原具有强免疫原性、K抗原的免疫原性弱但具有强O凝集抑制作用;以相应OK抗血清为第一抗体,以标准的羊抗兔IgG荧光抗体为第二抗体,对12株秦皇岛弧菌的纯培养物及用代表菌株(HQ010712-1)人工感染病死牙鲆的肝组织进行了间接荧光抗体染色,结果显示了特异的荧光反应。  相似文献   

3种免疫途径对嗜水气单胞菌灭活疫苗保护作用的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘雨果  潘厚军  石存斌  吴淑勤 《广东海洋大学学报》2011,(4):81-85

应用间接ELISA方法,研究经嗜水气单胞菌疫苗浸泡、口服、注射免疫后鳜皮肤、肠道黏液和血清中抗体的变化关系,揭示鳜对3种免疫途径的免疫应答效果。结果显示:黏液抗体产生快(7 d达到峰值),但持续时间短,抗体水平低(213);血清抗体产生慢(28 d方达峰值),但持续时间长,抗体水平高(225)。不同方式免疫鳜后均产生远高于对照组的抗体滴度(P<0.05)。注射组产生的抗体水平高(225),免疫保护率最理想(70.6%);口服组相对另两个实验组,其抗体峰值(215)和免疫保护率(41.2%)均较低;浸泡组在皮肤黏液产生水平和溶菌酶含量方面,产生较好的免疫效应,分别为213和178μg/mL,但相对保护率仅为47.1%,低于注射组的70.6%。浸泡和口服组可诱发局部黏膜免疫,在抗体动态变化方面表现出相似的规律且峰值时间早于注射组。初步推断浸泡和口服可以直接刺激鱼体黏膜组织产生局部的特异性抗体。  相似文献   

挤扩支盘桩侧阻力分析     

高笑娟  朱向荣  刘向阳  肖朝阳 《煤田地质与勘探》2007,35(5):50-53

假定支盘桩直桩段的桩侧摩阻力和含有分支或承力盘桩段的等效侧摩阻力q与相应桩土相对位移s的关系可用双曲线函数表示,根据实测数据采用最小二乘法求出所需系数,并用所得的双曲线与实测各分段的q-s关系进行对比。结果表明,在各分段达到极限承载力前,q与s基本上符合双曲线关系,用该法可以估算各分段的极限摩阻力。   相似文献   

抗杂交鳢(Channa argus×C. maculate)弹状病毒卵黄抗体制备及ELISA检测方法的建立          下载免费PDF全文

刘田  李硕  汪铭书  赵立宁  黄锦炉  吴艺琳  贾爱卿 《海洋与湖沼》2023,54(6):1756-1765

为确定杂交鳢(Channa argus×C. maculate)弹状病毒卵黄抗体效价水平消减规律并验证抗体对病毒的中和能力,采用杂交鳢弹状病毒灭活疫苗免疫蛋鸡,使用醋酸-醋酸钠-辛酸法制备卵黄抗体,建立间接ELISA检测方法以监测卵黄抗体产生过程抗体水平消减情况,以中和试验评估卵黄抗体中和杂交鳢弹状病毒效果。结果显示, ELISA检测方法 最佳条件为抗原包被浓度0.5×10^5.8 TCID₅₀/0.1 mL, 37℃包被2 h, 37℃封闭2 h。与大口黑鲈蛙虹彩病毒卵黄抗体、SPF蛋黄提取物、免疫前蛋黄提取物以及MBC空细胞均无交叉反应。以S/N(sample/negative)>2.1且敏感性最高为标准确定阳性、阴性样品。卵黄抗体于首免后28 d产生效价,四免后达到最高水平,效价为1︰25 600,平台期可持续40～60 d,通过中和抗体检测结果证明平台期内抗体中和效价在免疫周期内最高,约为46.3。通过ELISA检测方法对卵黄抗体产生规律进行监测,通过中和检测方法评估卵黄抗体中和病毒效果。高滴度卵黄抗体具有被开发为新型抗杂交鳢弹状...  相似文献