“运用空间定位 巧记人口大国”     

王俊 《地理教学》2006,(2):40

世界上人口数量超过一亿的国家有11个，分别是中国、印度、美国、印度尼西亚、俄罗斯、巴西、日本、尼日利亚、盂加拉国、巴基斯坦、墨西哥。因为这些国家分布在不同的大洲且数量较多，记忆起来比较困难，而且也容易遗忘。笔者根据学生的特点，总结出一种记忆这11个国家的方法，效果较好，与大家一起分享。  相似文献   

印度经济处于高速发展时期     

《地理教学》2006,(5):46-46

“经过15年的改革开放，印度的社会和经济都发生了质的变化。2005年，印识字率超过65％，形成了大约3亿人口的中产阶级，这些人有固定收入，受过良好教育，有住房，也有私家车，每年还有大约2000万人口加入这个行列。印度年人均收入已逾750美元，接近中等收入国家的最低水平。”印度前驻华大使，印驻巴基斯坦高级专员梅农先生日前在接受本报记采访时，介绍了高速发展的印度经济和对未来印经济发展趋势的展望。  相似文献   

Hydrogeochemistry of the Winder River and adjoining tributaries, Balochistan, Pakistan     

Erum Bashir Shahid Naseem Salma Hamza 《中国地球化学学报》2007,26(3):259-266

Quantitative estimation of ground and stream waters draining through sedimentary rocks of the Pab and Mor ranges (Jurassic-Cretaceous) and the Bela ophiolite has been made. The degree of correspondence among cations and anions has been estimated in order to evaluate their mutual relationships. The abundance of major ions is interpreted to be related to bedrocks and climatic conditions, which may contribute to the genetic affiliation. The log TDS and Na/Na Ca ratio reflected supremacy of weathering of rocks with some influence of evaporation. Ionic relationship is exhibited in the form of Stiff diagrams. Patterns of ionic composition revealed high NaCl, medium Ca(HCO3)2 and low MgSO4. Piper diagram has been used to classify the hydrofacies. The important hydrogeochemical parameters have been estimated for assessment of groundwater quality for domestic purposes in accordance to WHO. Irrigation water qualities have been evaluated in terms of EC, SAR, RSC, ESP and pH.  相似文献   

巴基斯坦贾盖火山岩浆岩带斑岩型铜-金矿床地质特征、成矿作用及找矿潜力     

吕鹏瑞  姚文光  张海迪  杨博  洪俊  曹凯 《地质学报》2015,89(9):1629-1642

贾盖火山岩浆岩带是巴基斯坦境内西部第二大岩浆弧,属于特提斯成矿域的重要组成部分之一。晚渐新世—中新世,随着新特提斯洋的闭合,阿拉伯板块、印度板块与欧亚板块不断碰撞。在持续的挤压条件下,巴基斯坦西部发育了一系列逆冲褶皱系统,并且先后经历了中—晚始新世(43~37 Ma)、早中新世(24~22 Ma和18~16 Ma)、中中新世(13~10 Ma)和晚中新世—早上新世(6~4 Ma)4次大规模的岩浆作用,形成了贾盖火山岩浆岩带,赋存有48个斑岩型铜金矿床(点)、远景区。根据区域地质及矿化情况,可将贾盖火山岩浆岩带内的斑岩型铜-金矿床分为东、西两部分。前者主要分布在贾盖侵入体的边缘或与围岩接触带中,矿体产于晚白垩世辛贾拉尼群碎屑岩和始新世贾盖侵入体中;后者则分布在索尔科侵入体的岩株中,矿体产于古新世和更年轻的碎屑岩和火山岩中。矿体主要与磁铁矿系列的石英闪长斑岩和花岗闪长斑岩相关,具有钙碱性系列的特征,围岩热液蚀变分带明显,自岩体中心向外依次为钾硅酸化(钾化)、泥化、石英绢云母化、青磐岩化。境内外斑岩铜矿产出特征显示,索尔科侵入岩可能符合"小岩体成大矿"的现实情况,贾盖侵入岩的大型复合岩基中也可能存在斑岩铜矿床,具有很好的找矿潜力。最新勘查资料显示,贾盖火山岩浆岩带已发现的48个矿床(点)、远景区可能都具有很好的找矿前景和巨大的资源潜力,如萨因达克、雷克迪克、塔拉鲁格、科·伊·达利尔等矿床(点)、远景区,以及Western War Chah斑岩体,尤其是贾盖火山岩浆岩带西部和Koh Dalil(Rackodiq)矿点。  相似文献   

巴基斯坦雷克迪克矿集区斑岩Cu-Au矿床(点)地质及动力学研究进展     

吕鹏瑞  姚文光  张海迪  王彦闻  曹凯 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2016,(4):769-780

系统总结了近年来有关巴基斯坦雷克迪克斑岩型Cu-Au矿集区的地质、岩石和地球动力学演化的研究成果,指出该矿集区斑岩型Cu-Au矿床(点)的形成与板块的拼合以及特提斯构造域的演化密切相关,是在后碰撞地壳伸展阶段由早中新世和中中新世的岩浆-热液作用形成的,且早中新世的斑岩型Cu(Au)矿床(点)主要受石英闪长斑岩和闪长斑岩侵入体控制,中中新世的斑岩型Cu-Au矿床(点)矿体主要受花岗闪长岩和石英闪长岩侵入体控制。  相似文献   

巴基斯坦雷克迪克斑岩型Cu Au矿集区典型矿床闪长岩Pb、Sr、Nd同位素组成特征及其示踪意义     

吕鹏瑞  姚文光  张海迪  于小亮  杨博  孟广路  田浩浩 《地质学报》2016,90(10):2803-2817

雷克迪克斑岩型Cu-Au矿集区是巴基斯坦最重要的斑岩型Cu-Au矿产地之一,发育20个斑岩型Cu-Au矿床(点),其中包括世界级的H14、H15矿床。本文在前人研究基础上重新分析探讨了Pb、Sr、Nd同位素的组成特征,计算了铅同位素的H-H单阶段演化模式年龄,以及Pb、Sr、Nd同位素的μ、ω、Th/U、△α、△β、εSr、εNd等重要参数。研究结果表明,雷克迪克矿集区成矿物质主要来源于受岩浆作用控制的壳幔混合物质,是新特提斯洋岩石圈俯冲及再循环或幔源岩浆注入地壳的结果。该矿集区的含矿斑岩可能是在岛弧碰撞造山带演化过程中伴随着特提斯构造域的演化而形成的,属于洋壳俯冲消减和大陆碰撞过程中导致地壳增生加厚的结果,它们与扬子地块具有亲缘关系,属于特提斯构造区,构成了特提斯构造域多岛洋体系的组成部分之一。该矿集区的铅主要为混入了放射性成因Pb的混合铅,具有典型DUPAL异常的特征。其中,异常铅(放射性铅)来源于富含U、Th的上地壳物质,而DUPAL异常可能直接产生于欧亚大陆南缘EMII与DM的混合源区,并以异常铅的形式表现出来。  相似文献   

基于地缘位势理论的中国对巴基斯坦投资对策研究     

董晔  师心琪 《世界地理研究》2020,29(4):708-716

中国周边国际地缘环境十分复杂,科学合理地测度中国在周边地缘环境中的影响力,是国家的国际战略和外交政策的主要研究内容。本文在三种相关理论的基础上,基于主导性和可操作性原则,构建了国家地缘位势的指标体系;从硬实力、软实力、相互依赖力三个维度,计算2000—2017年中国在巴基斯坦的地缘位势。结果显示：中国对巴基斯坦的地缘位势得分从2000年的9.6提升到2017年的101.4,增长了9倍多;其中软实力增长了22.66倍,表明中国对巴基斯坦的地缘影响力在逐渐扩大。随着“中巴经济走廊”建设的不断推进,中国在巴基斯坦的投资力度也不断增加,因此研究投资所面临的风险就显得尤为重要。本文分析了中国企业在巴投资面临复杂的地缘环境、欠佳的投资环境、经济风险和跨文化风险,在“一带一路”新的历史机遇下提出新的投资策略,以期为企业降低投资风险,为国家“走出去”发展战略提供参考。  相似文献   

非常规观测系统地震数据处理策略——以巴基斯坦水合物调查为例     

潘军  龚建明  廖晶 《海洋地质前沿》2019,35(1):60-66

巴基斯坦外海发育有大量水合物,为研究水合物的分布特征,在此区域部署了多条多道地震测线。受客观条件制约,此次采集的地震资料覆盖次数低,电缆长度短,电缆噪音严重且存在空白道,这些不利因素要求在数据处理中必须采用非常规处理方法。指导思想是变非常规地震数据处理为常规数据处理,在数据处理时要灵活变通,这既包括处理流程参数的变通,也包含流程的组合变通。处理的核心问题是如何增强剖面的信噪比,在处理中通过3A去噪、空白道插值、相邻CMP道集合并、偏移等技术手段提高了剖面的信噪比,整体上处理后的剖面可以满足落实水合物分布特征的要求,达到了处理的目的。  相似文献   

巴基斯坦国日本金线鱼（Nemipterus japonicus）种群动力学的研究     

Kalhoro Muhsan Ali  刘群  Memon Khadim Hussain  Chang Mohammad Saleem  张魁 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(10):49-57

Japanese threadfin bream Nemipterus japonicus(Bloch, 1791) is among the most abundant and commercially important species in Pakistan. From the coast of Pakistan, four demersal trawl surveys in October–November 2009 and May–June, August, October and November in 2010 were carried out. The purpose of this study is to estimate the population dynamics and status of the stock of the N. japonicus from Pakistani waters based on the research trawl surveys from the research area. The data consist of n=784 length-weight pairs and n=7 530 length frequency with the maximum length and weight of 29 cm and 358 g respectively. The length frequency data were analyzed using ELEFAN method in FiSAT computer package. The parameters of length and weight relationship were b=2.778, a=0.032 and R2=0.973. The estimated von Bertalanffy growth function parameters were L∞=30.45 cm, K=0.270 year-1. Based on length-converted catch curve analysis the total mortality(Z) during this study was estimated at 0.960 year-1. The natural mortality coefficient(M) was 0.74 year-1 using Pauly's equation(the annual average sea surface temperature was 27°C), therefore, the fishing mortality coefficients(F) were 0.22 year-1. The yield per recruit analysis indicated that when tc was 2, Fmax was estimated at 1.2 and F0.1 at 1.1. When tc was 1, Fmax was estimated at 0.95 and F0.1 at 0.8. Because current age at first capture is about 1 year and Fcurrent was 0.22, Fcurrent is smaller than F0.1 and Fmax, which indicated that the fishery is about in a safe condition. When using Gulland(1971) biological reference point, Fopt was equals to M(0.74). The current fishing mortality rate of 0.22 was smaller than the target biological reference point.  相似文献   

Dynamics of communal land degradation and its implications in the arid mountains of pakistan: A study of District Karak,Khyber Pakhtunkuwa     

Iffat TABASSUM  Fazlur RAHMAN  Fazlul HAQ 《山地科学学报》2014,11(2):485-495

Similar to other areas of Pakistan, land resources in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa （KP） is kept under various ownership regimes for socio-economic and ecological benefits. For the last three to four decades, communal lands and resources are subjected to high rate of degradation and deterioration, which is leading to multifarious socio-economical and ecological implications. This paper intends to look into factors that are responsible for the degradation of communal land and the adaptability of the management mechanisms developed by the local inhabitants to conserve these resources. Moreover, this study also explores the sustainability of these adopted strategies in present circumstances. Data regarding socio-economic parameters of the inhabitants and their interactions with communal lands were collected through questionnaire cum interview method. As long-term climatic data for the area do not exist therefore focus group discussions were conducted to document the changing trend in rainfall regimes and temperature variations for the last about four decades. Results indicate that communal lands are highly vulnerable to degradation due to biophysical and anthropogenic factors. Local inhabitants have developed suitable measures to control the situation, however, accelerated socio-economic transformations in the area have weakened the role of local institutions and that led to further degradation of these resources. Nevertheless, a number of locally formulated rules have been revived and implemented and it is hoped that these threatened resources would be conserved.  相似文献