Diagenetic formation of gypsum and dolomite in a cold‐water coral mound in the Porcupine Seabight,off Ireland     

HANS PIRLET  LAURA M. WEHRMANN  BENJAMIN BRUNNER  NORBERT FRANK  JAN DEWANCKELE  DAVID VAN ROOIJ  ANNELEEN FOUBERT  RUDY SWENNEN  LIEVEN NAUDTS  MATTHIEU BOONE  VEERLE CNUDDE  JEAN‐PIERRE HENRIET 《Sedimentology》2010,57(3):786-805

Authigenic gypsum was found in a gravity core, retrieved from the top of Mound Perseverance, a giant cold‐water coral mound in the Porcupine Basin, off Ireland. The occurrence of gypsum in such an environment is intriguing, because gypsum, a classic evaporitic mineral, is undersaturated with respect to sea water. Sedimentological, petrographic and isotopic evidence point to diagenetic formation of the gypsum, tied to oxidation of sedimentary sulphide minerals (i.e. pyrite). This oxidation is attributed to a phase of increased bottom currents which caused erosion and enhanced inflow of oxidizing fluids into the mound sediments. The oxidation of pyrite produced acidity, causing carbonate dissolution and subsequently leading to pore‐water oversaturation with respect to gypsum and dolomite. Calculations based on the isotopic compositions of gypsum and pyrite reveal that between 21·6% and 28·6% of the sulphate incorporated into the gypsum derived from pyrite oxidation. The dissolution of carbonate increased the porosity in the affected sediment layer but promoted lithification of the sediments at the sediment‐water interface. Thus, authigenic gypsum can serve as a signature for diagenetic oxidation events in carbonate‐rich sediments. These observations demonstrate that fluid flow, steered by environmental factors, has an important effect on the diagenesis of coral mounds.  相似文献   

Deciphering the depositional environment of the laminated Crato fossil beds (Early Cretaceous,Araripe Basin,North‐eastern Brazil)     

ULRICH HEIMHOFER  DANIEL ARIZTEGUI  MARC LENNIGER  STEPHEN P. HESSELBO  DAVID M. MARTILL  ARISTOTELES M. RIOS‐NETTO 《Sedimentology》2010,57(2):677-694

The laminated limestones of the Early Cretaceous Crato Formation of the Araripe Basin (North‐eastern Brazil) are world‐famous for their exceptionally well‐preserved and taxonomically diverse fossil fauna and flora. Whereas the fossil biota has received considerable attention, only a few studies have focused on the sedimentary characteristics and palaeoenvironmental conditions which prevailed during formation of the Crato Fossil Lagerstätte. The Nova Olinda Member represents the lowermost and thickest unit (up to 10 m) of the Crato Formation and is characterized by a pronounced rhythmically bedded, pale to dark lamination. To obtain information on palaeoenvironmental conditions, sample slabs derived from three local stratigraphic sections within the Araripe Basin were studied using high‐resolution multiproxy techniques including detailed logging, petrography, μ‐XRF scanning and stable isotope geochemistry. Integration of lithological and petrographic evidence indicates that the bulk of the Nova Olinda limestone formed via authigenic precipitation of calcite from within the upper water column, most probably induced and/or mediated by phytoplankton and picoplankton activity. A significant contribution from a benthonic, carbonate‐secreting microbial mat community is not supported by these results. Deposition took place under anoxic and, at least during certain episodes, hypersaline bottom water conditions, as evidenced by the virtually undisturbed lamination pattern, the absence of a benthonic fauna and by the occurrence of halite pseudomorphs. Input of allochthonous, catchment‐derived siliciclastics to the basin during times of laminite formation was strongly reduced. The δ¹⁸O values of authigenic carbonate precipitates (between ?7·1 and ?5·1‰) point to a ¹⁸O‐poor meteoric water source and support a continental freshwater setting for the Nova Olinda Member. The δ¹³C values, which are comparatively rich in ¹³C (between ?0·1 and +1·9‰), are interpreted to reflect reduced throughflow of water in a restricted basin, promoting equilibration with atmospheric CO₂, probably in concert with stagnant conditions and low input of soil‐derived carbon. Integration of lithological and isotopic evidence indicates a shift from closed to semi‐closed conditions towards a more open lake system during the onset of laminite deposition in the Crato Formation.  相似文献   

Numerical estimation of effective diffusion coefficients for charged porous materials based on micro-scale analyses     

Arash Mohajeri  Guillermo A. Narsilio  Peter Pivonka  David W. Smith 《Computers and Geotechnics》2010

In order to describe diffusive transport of solutes through a porous material, estimation of effective diffusion coefficients is required. It has been shown theoretically that in the case of uncharged porous materials the effective diffusion coefficient of solutes is a function of the pore morphology of the material and can be described by the tortuosity (tensor) (Bear, 1988 [1]). Given detailed information of the pore geometry at the micro-scale the tortuosity of different materials can be accurately estimated using homogenization procedures. However, many engineering materials (e.g., clays and shales) are characterized by electrical surface charges on particles of the porous material which strongly affect the (diffusive) transport properties of ions. For these type of materials, estimation of effective diffusion coefficients have been mostly based on phenomenological equations with no link to underlying micro-scale properties of these charged materials although a few recent studies have used alternative methods to obtain the diffusion parameters (Jougnot et al., 2009; Pivonka et al., 2009; Revil and Linde, 2006 2, 3 and 4). In this paper we employ a recently proposed up-scaled Poisson–Nernst–Planck type of equation (PNP) and its micro-scale counterpart to estimate effective ion diffusion coefficients in thin charged membranes. We investigate a variety of different pore geometries together with different surface charges on particles. Here, we show that independent of the charges on particles, a (generalized) tortuosity factor can be identified as function of the pore morphology only using the new PNP model. On the other hand, all electro-static interactions of ions and charges on particles can consistently be captured by the ratio of average concentration to effective intrinsic concentration in the macroscopic PNP equations. Using this formulation allows to consistently take into account electrochemical interactions of ions and charges on particles and so excludes any ambiguity generally encountered in phenomenological equations.  相似文献   

构造应力环境对浅成岩体成矿系统的制约:从安庆月山岩体冷却过程动力学计算模拟结果分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘亮明  周瑞超  赵崇斌 《岩石学报》2010,26(9):2869-2878

为探讨构造应力环境对浅成岩体成矿系统的制约,以安庆地区的月山岩体及其所形成的安庆铜矿床为例,在传统地质调查研究的基础上,通过假设不同的力学边界条件进行岩体冷却过程动力学的计算模拟实验研究。计算结果显示,在没有构造应力作用时,在岩体的接触带上不可能形成有利成矿定位的局部汇流扩容空间,挤压和拉伸作用都能够在岩体接触带形成局部汇流扩容空间,但二者的空间分布规律有着极大的差别,只有拉伸构造应力作用下的动力学计算模拟实验能在已发现矿体部位形成汇流扩容空间,表明构造应力环境对成矿定位的汇流空间的制约以及拉伸构造应力作用对月山岩体成矿的重要贡献。在拉伸构造应力和无构造应力作用时,接触带上的流体压力都是随着变形的进程而趋降低的,只有在挤压构造应力作用下,流体压力才会有一个超压的过程,流体超压是形成斑岩型矿床的重要机制。可见挤压环境才是一种有利于斑岩型矿床成矿的构造环境,铜陵-安庆地区缺乏与矽卡岩矿床相对应的斑岩型矿床主要原因之一是成矿时处于一种拉伸的构造应力作用环境。  相似文献   

面向地理信息服务链的工作流技术应用研究     

杨仕勇 《山东地质》2010,(11):46-51

通过分析借鉴当今服务链技术与工作流技术研究成果,充分考虑地理信息数据量大、数据源异构性的特点,对适于地理信息服务链的过程建模方法、过程定义语言、建模工具以及工作流引擎的体系结构、调度算法、应用框架进行重新设计,实现了地理信息服务的可视化组合建模和服务链的自动执行。  相似文献   

盆地模拟技术与BasinMod软件应用          下载免费PDF全文

苑坤  陈彬滔  于兴河  李胜利 《沉积与特提斯地质》2010,30(2):55-60

盆地模拟是含油气盆地勘探评价的重要技术方法之一。BasinMod盆地模拟软件是用C++Builder4.0开发研制的微机版盆地模拟软件。应用BasinMod软件能够进行埋藏史、热史、生排烃史、油气运聚史的模拟和油气资源量估算。埋藏史模拟现已开通压实回剥法,热史模拟已开通地温梯度法,生排烃史模拟已开通烃产率法和化学动力学法,油气运聚史模拟已开通运载层吸附油气散失模型法,资源量估算已开通排聚系数法。BasinMod盆地模拟软件具有Windows图形用户界面,用户可以通过对话框进行软件操作,操作简单灵活,使用方便。  相似文献   

危机矿山深部、边部隐伏矿体的三维可视化预测——以安徽铜陵凤凰山矿田为例     

毛先成  邹艳红  陈进  赖健清  彭省临  邵拥军  疏志明  吕俊武  吕才玉 《地质通报》2010,29(203):401-413

以安徽铜陵凤凰山矿田为例,通过综合地质研究,构建了矿体定位预测概念模型。在地质勘探数据和物化探数据集成的基础上,采用三维地质建模技术,对地层、构造、岩浆岩、矿体等地质体进行了推断和圈定,构建了地质体的线框模型与块体模型。基于定位预测概念模型和地质体三维块体模型,通过地质空间定义和立体单元划分,建立了岩体及其表面形态起伏、接触带、地层、褶皱、断层等控矿地质因素的三维栅格场模型。在定量分析控矿地质因素与矿化分布的关系的基础上,建立了反应这种关联关系的矿体立体定量预测模型。预测模型提供矿田深部(-1000m标高以上)所有50m×50m×50m立体单元的铜品位、铜金属量和含矿概率的预测结果。基于预测结果圈定了4个深部找矿立体靶区,为深部找矿工程的设计、布置提供尚未发现的隐伏矿体的位置、品位、金属量等信息的指导。  相似文献   

松辽盆地反转期的界定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈骁  李忠权  陈均亮  李洪奎  张彤 《地质通报》2010,29(2)

松辽盆地的构造反转对油气生成、运移和聚集保存有明显的控制作用.以往的研究认为,松辽盆地晚期经历了嫩江组沉积末期、明水组沉积末期和古近纪的多期反转.通过对松辽盆地北部进行剖面与平面的构造演化分析,认为嫩江组沉积末期为南北向差异升降活动,未引起地层褶皱变形和构造格局的改变,该期形成了区域伸展不整合面;明水组沉积末期松辽盆地从区域拉张转为挤压,盆地表现为东西向缩短,构造格局发生了性质上的变化,形成了一系列反转构造,该期构造反转奠定了盆地现今的构造格局.构造物理模拟实验进一步证明,松辽盆地不同方向的反转构造带为明水组沉积末期形成的.  相似文献   

南海北部深水西区中中新世混合沉积模式及控制因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨涛涛  吕福亮  王彬  胡冰  贺晓苏  鲁银涛 《海相油气地质》2010,15(4)

以新采集的地震资料为基础,对南海北部深水西区的混合沉积作了初步研究。混合沉积在地震剖面上表现为平行—亚平行,振幅强—中,频率中等及连续性中等的反射特征。混合沉积分布在研究区地震资料覆盖范围的西北角,发育规模较大,最大长度达44.7km,最大宽度33.2km,面积1084km2,最大厚度为138m,纵向上分布在中中新统梅山组。综合南海北部构造演化、地震勘探等研究成果,建立了混合沉积模式。该混合沉积分布于半深海沉积区,由其南东东方向的西沙—广乐台地提供碳酸盐岩碎屑(同时也提供部分硅质碎屑),由其西侧的中南半岛提供主要的硅质碎屑。在南海北部深水西区,控制混合沉积分布的主要因素为构造作用(包括海平面变化)、物源供给及水动力条件等三个方面,这三者之间又具有密切的内在联系。  相似文献   

四川盆地东北地区古地温梯度模拟   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王艳飞  肖贤明 《海相油气地质》2010,15(4)

四川盆地东北地区古地温梯度一直缺乏研究。以普光气田已有的实测反射率数据为依据,应用EasyRo模拟计算方法,研究了该区主要生烃期的古地温梯度。结果表明,对川东北地区主要埋藏与生烃期(三叠纪—早白垩世)进行的成熟度模拟计算,应用古地温梯度为3.0℃/100m的古地温模式计算所得的结果与实测结果非常吻合。进一步提出了该区的简化古地温模式为[3.0℃/100m(96Ma)—2.8℃/100m(65Ma)—2.2℃/100m(0Ma)]。  相似文献