Ms 8.7印尼地震面波在云南产生的远场动态即刻触发特征          下载免费PDF全文

解朝娣  吴小平  何家斌  付虹  杨周胜 《地球物理学进展》2007,22(2):383-394

通过云南区域数字测震台网对2004年12月26日Ms 8.7印尼大震的波形记录，着重考查了大地震面波在到达云南26个台站后的1小时传播过程中对云南及周边地区产生的远场动态触发效应，发现在面波作用的短短1小时内，云南的西部地区有明显的地震即刻触发现象，并对这些现象的特征及其相关因素进行了讨论.  相似文献   

Trickle Down? Private sector participation and the pro-poor water supply debate in Jakarta, Indonesia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Karen Bakker 《Geoforum》2007,38(5):855-868

Private sector partnerships (PSPs) have been increasingly advocated as an instrument of ‘pro-poor’ water supply policies. This article examines the performance of the private sector with respect to network connections for poor households in Jakarta, Indonesia, drawing on three sources: data collected through a household survey of poor households in six Jakarta neighbourhoods in 2005; data provided by the two private concessionaires and the Jakarta municipal government; and interviews with water supply managers, government officials, and NGO representatives in 2001 and 2005. The analysis concludes that the Jakarta PSP contract has not been pro-poor: new connections were preferentially targeted at middle and upper-income households over the period 1998-2005, and the numbers of new connections have been lower than the original targets. The paper argues that the failure to connect the poor is not solely attributable to the private operators, and identifies disincentives to provide individual network connections to poor households on the part of the municipality, the private concessionaires and poor households. The paper concludes by questioning the long-term ability of private sector operators to supply water to the poor.  相似文献   

Flexibility, technology, and the daily life practices of distance students living beyond the digital mainstream     

Ståle Angen Rye 《Geoforum》2007,38(5):1028-1039

In this paper it is argued that even though communication technologies release distance students considerably from their dependency on a campus, students are still very much connected to places in their daily lives. These connections are constituted through the “placing” of technology, the students’ relations to people in their daily lives and the students’ relations to the education institution. Communication technology not only releases students from the spatial dimensions; it also attaches them to specific places. It is argued that the use of technology in distance education can reduce the students’ flexibility even if they do not have to attend campus regularly. The empirical analysis presented in this paper is based on a case study of a Master’s degree programme in Public Management offered by Open University Indonesia (Universitas Terbuka).  相似文献   

Characterization of pyroclastic fall and flow deposits from the 1815 eruption of Tambora volcano,Indonesia using ground-penetrating radar     

Lewis J. Abrams  Haraldur Sigurdsson 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2007

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is used to image and characterize fall and pyroclastic flow deposits from the 1815 eruption of Tambora volcano in Indonesia. Analysis of GPR common-mid-point (CMP) data indicate that the velocity of radar in the sub-surface is 0.1 m/ns, and this is used to establish a preliminary traveltime to-depth conversion for common-offset reflection profiles. Common-offset radar profiles were collected along the edge of an erosional gully that exposed approximately 1–2 m of volcanic stratigraphy. Additional trenching at select locations in the gully exposed the contact between the pre-1815 eruption surface and overlying pyroclastic deposit from the 1815 eruption. The deepest continuous, prominent reflection is shown to correspond to the interface between pre-eruption clay-rich soil and pyroclastics that reach a maximum thickness of 4 m along our profiles. This soil surface is distinctly terraced and is interpreted as the ground surface augmented for agriculture and buildings by people from the kingdom of Tambora. The correlation of volcanic stratigraphy and radar data at this location indicates that reflections are produced by the soil-pyroclastic deposit interface and the interface between pyroclastic flows (including pyroclastic surge) and the pumice-rich fall deposits. In the thickest deposits an additional reflection marks the interface between two pyroclastic flow units.  相似文献   

BUSINESS CLUSTERS IN THE SOUTH: A CRITICAL APPRAISAL FROM INDONESIAN EVIDENCE     

Martin Perry 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2005,26(2):227-243

Advocacy of the advantages accruing to business clusters in developing economies has followed that in developed economies. With doubts emerging about the evidence for these in developed economies, it is therefore appropriate to review the experience in the developing world. A model of cluster emergence and growth has guided accounts of developing country clusters. Drawing on experience from Indonesia, doubts are raised about that model's prediction of the emergence of successful joint action in maintaining cluster advantages. Any advantages from clustering are insufficient to face development challenges arising from the globalisation of economic activity. The significance of business clusters in low income economies needs to be reviewed in the light of actual experience and the reappraisal emerging in developed or high income countries.  相似文献   

印度尼西亚华人对该国社会经济进步的贡献     

陈秀容 《世界地理研究》2000,9(2):38-44

本文简要剖析了在荷兰殖民统治、经济民族化以及后民族化等各时时期印度尼西亚（以下简称印尼）华人经济的发展;论述了华人族群为当地社会进步及经济繁荣所作重大贡献。论文阐明华人自成为印尼公民,就已认同当地;强调华人经济是当地民族经济不可替代的组成部分;指出赋予印尼华人族群少数民族资格及民族平等权益,尊重和保护印尼华人合法地位对当地社会稳定和经济发展的重要性。  相似文献   

印度尼西亚Buti铜矿的土壤地球化学特征与成矿预测          下载免费PDF全文

蒋艳明  曹微  燕振之 《地质找矿论丛》2015,30(3):422-428

文章通过分析印度尼西亚Buti铜矿的地质地球化学特征,圈定出5个矿致综合异常,并对可能富集成矿的异常进行成矿潜力评价,最后认定3个综合异常BT2,BT4和BT5具有寻找斑岩型和低温热液型铜-金矿的潜力。  相似文献   

The Gordian knot of mangrove conservation: Disentangling the role of scale,services and benefits     

《Global Environmental Change》2014

Mangrove forests are among the most threatened tropical ecosystems. Their role as providers of important ecosystem services such as coastal protection, carbon storage and nursery habitats for economically important species is increasingly acknowledged. But mangrove destruction continues, and we might have to face the prospect of a world deprived of the services offered by mangrove ecosystems. Mangrove transformation and destruction is often caused by mismatches in mangrove system management. These root in interests that focus on selected ecosystem services only, but also result from a problem of fit between the spatial scales at which ecosystem services are provided, and those at which their benefits are realized. We argue that a combination of the ecosystem services concept with a careful approach to the issue of scales will help to overcome these problems and improve the management of mangrove systems. Drawing on two case studies from Indonesia and Brazil, we illustrate the relevance of our findings for different ecosystem services.  相似文献   

Time-series analysis of multi-resolution optical imagery for quantifying forest cover loss in Sumatra and Kalimantan,Indonesia     

Mark Broich  Matthew C. Hansen  Peter Potapov  Bernard Adusei  Erik Lindquist  Stephen V. Stehman 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011

Monitoring loss of humid tropical forests via remotely sensed imagery is critical for a number of environmental monitoring objectives, including carbon accounting, biodiversity, and climate modeling science applications. Landsat imagery, provided free of charge by the U.S. Geological Survey Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science (USGS/EROS), enables consistent and timely forest cover loss updates from regional to biome scales. The Indonesian islands of Sumatra and Kalimantan are a center of significant forest cover change within the humid tropics with implications for carbon dynamics, biodiversity maintenance and local livelihoods. Sumatra and Kalimantan feature poor observational coverage compared to other centers of humid tropical forest change, such as Mato Grosso, Brazil, due to the lack of ongoing acquisitions from nearby ground stations and the persistence of cloud cover obscuring the land surface. At the same time, forest change in Indonesia is transient and does not always result in deforestation, as cleared forests are rapidly replaced by timber plantations and oil palm estates. Epochal composites, where single best observations are selected over a given time interval and used to quantify change, are one option for monitoring forest change in cloudy regions. However, the frequency of forest cover change in Indonesia confounds the ability of image composite pairs to quantify all change. Transient change occurring between composite periods is often missed and the length of time required for creating a cloud-free composite often obscures change occurring within the composite period itself. In this paper, we analyzed all Landsat 7 imagery with <50% cloud cover and data and products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to quantify forest cover loss for Sumatra and Kalimantan from 2000 to 2005. We demonstrated that time-series approaches examining all good land observations are more accurate in mapping forest cover change in Indonesia than change maps based on image composites. Unlike other time-series analyses employing observations with a consistent periodicity, our study area was characterized by highly unequal observation counts and frequencies due to persistent cloud cover, scan line corrector off (SLC-off) gaps, and the absence of a complete archive. Our method accounts for this variation by generating a generic variable space. We evaluated our results against an independent probability sample-based estimate of gross forest cover loss and expert mapped gross forest cover loss at 64 sample sites. The mapped gross forest cover loss for Sumatra and Kalimantan was 2.86% of the land area, or 2.86 Mha from 2000 to 2005, with the highest concentration having occurred in Riau and Kalimantan Tengah provinces.  相似文献   

Characterization of polychlorinated biphenyls and brominated flame retardants in sediments from riverine and coastal waters of Surabaya, Indonesia   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Muhammad Ilyas  Agus Sudaryanto  Iwan Eka Setiawan  Tomohiko Isobe  Shin Takahashi 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(1):89-98

A total of 33 surficial sediments from riverine and coastal waters from Surabaya, Indonesia were analyzed for PCBs and BFRs. Concentrations of PCBs (62 congeners), PBDEs (14 congeners) and HBCDs (3 isomers) varied from <DL-420, <DL-35 and <DL-5.4 ng g⁻¹ dw, respectively. Higher concentrations of these compounds were found in riverine than coastal sediments. Their levels and distribution were influenced by proximity to the point sources and TOC. The predominant congeners were CB-153, -28, -138, -149, -180, -33 and BDE-209, -207, -206, -197, -196, -183, -99, -47 for PCBs and PBDEs, respectively, and γ-isomer for HBCDs. Debromination of BDE-209 might be taking place producing lower toxic congeners in sediment. Levels of PCBs in riverine sediments were comparable with some polluted areas worldwide, but PBDEs and HBCDs were lower. Hazard assessment of PCBs indicated possible toxic potential, particularly in areas close to point sources.  相似文献