离子色谱法同时测定天然碱矿中氯离子和硫酸根离子   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王梅英  王敏捷  李鹏程  李艳华  杜晓冉 《岩矿测试》2013,32(4):586-589

通过测定氯离子和硫酸根离子可以确定天然碱矿中石盐和芒硝的含量,目前分析方法比较少,且流程冗长,容易污染,生产效率低。本文建立了离子色谱-抑制电导法测定天然碱矿中氯离子和硫酸根的分析方法。样品中水溶性阴离子经热水溶解进入溶液,以30 mmol/L氢氧化钾溶液作为淋洗液,利用AG19阴离子保护柱、AS19阴离子分离柱分离样品中的氯和硫酸根,CRD 200碳酸盐消除装置去除了碳酸根的干扰。方法检出限氯离子为0.01 mg/L,硫酸根为0.02 mg/L;加标回收率为100.9%～104.1%;精密度(RSD,n=10)小于2.5%。实际样品分析结果与滴定法的测定值基本吻合。本法操作简单,重现性好,灵敏度高,结果可靠,不受样品复杂组分及形成缓冲溶液体系的干扰,很好地解决了传统方法费时、耗材、不能同时测定氯离子和硫酸根的问题。  相似文献   

液态乳及乳粉中硝酸盐的污染分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡平  王淑惠  刘印平  杨立新 《岩矿测试》2013,32(2):330-333

采用固相萃取-离子色谱法和国家标准中化学法(镉柱还原光度法)分析石家庄市售110份液态乳及奶粉中硝酸盐含量.离子色谱法中将制备好的样品加入适量乙酸沉淀蛋白,离心取上清液,通过固相萃取柱去除脂肪等疏水性化合物,采用AS1 1-HC型阴离子色谱柱进行分析,同时对液态乳样品采用镉柱还原法进行比对实验.两种方法测得液态乳中硝酸盐的平均含量分别为10.05 mg/kg和9.95 mg/kg,奶粉中硝酸盐的平均含量分别为25.74 mg/kg和25.66 mg/kg.经t检验分析,显示=0.07,P＞0.05,即无显著性差异,研究结果证实了离子色谱法的准确性,实验过程也进一步验证了离子色谱法的简易性.依据我国目前对乳粉中硝酸盐的限量要求,所测乳粉中的硝酸盐均在限量规定范围内,对食用的安全性不产生负面影响;而液态乳中的硝酸盐进行污染评价发现,超标率大约为14％.  相似文献   

Multiscale modelling of transport in clays from the molecular to the sample scale     

《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2014,346(11-12):298-306

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On the peak level of tearing instability in an ion-scale current sheet: The effects of ion temperature anisotropy     

K.G. Tanaka  M. Fujimoto  I. Shinohara 《Planetary and Space Science》2011,59(7):510-516

We have systematically surveyed the effects of the ion temperature anisotropy on the peak reconnected flux level of the tearing instability excited in a thick current sheet (its half-thickness D equal to the ion inertial length). A series of two- and three-dimensional (2-D and 3-D) simulations have been performed for a magnetotail-like situation, where the ion perpendicular temperature is fixed to balance the magnetic pressure of the lobe while the ion parallel temperature can be varied to give rise to the temperature anisotropy α_i=T_i,perp/T_i,para. Focusing on the behavior of the fastest growing mode (wavelength λ=12D), the results are summarized as follows: (1) The peak levels are larger when the initial α_i is larger and lobe reconnection is obtained only when α_i>1.5. (2) 3-D effects do speed-up the reconnection process but do not change the peak level substantially. (3) The time-scale of gas pressure build-up at the center of magnetic islands relative to the time-scale of reconnected flux growth is identified to be the key issue in determining the peak level. Based on these results for the fastest growing mode with λ=12D, discussion is given on the larger-scale development, that is, what happens when longer wavelength modes are allowed to develop.  相似文献   

Foreshock cavities and internal foreshock boundaries     

Laurence Billingham  Steven J. Schwartz 《Planetary and Space Science》2011,59(7):456-467

We present two case studies of cluster encounters with foreshock cavities. For one event, we are able, for the first time, to accurately relate the observation of a foreshock cavity to the measured position of the bow shock. This allows us to compute the shock angle, a vital parameter in models of foreshock cavity formation, with greater confidence than any previous study. This cavity appears to be elongated along the magnetic field and we use the multispacecraft nature of the Cluster mission to constrain its field-parallel and -perpendicular extent. We show that this event is embedded within a region of field-aligned ion beams. This is the first time a foreshock cavity has been shown to be surrounded by foreshock ion beams. A second foreshock cavity is associated with a small rotation in the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). We show that this event appears on the boundary between an interval when the spacecraft were inside the ion foreshock, and an excursion upstream. This is the first report of a foreshock cavity observed during the traversal of the global foreshock. This second event has some features expected from the new Sibeck et al. (2008) model of cavities as brief encounters with a spatial boundary in the global foreshock.  相似文献   

液液萃取-固相萃取富集地下水中毒杀芬的对比研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

饶竹  谢原利  陈巍 《岩矿测试》2012,31(4):653-659

应用液液萃取、固相萃取柱、固相萃取盘等传统和现代富集技术,对半挥发性有机物进行提取,建立了气相色谱-负化学电离质谱测定地下水中毒杀芬的方法。对性能较好的自制GDX-502固相萃取柱进行了条件优化。结果表明,使用填制的GDX-502固相萃取柱富集地下水中的毒杀芬,基体加标回收率为92.3%～98.5%,优于商品固相苯取柱LC-C18、ENVITM-C18以及固相萃取盘(92.8%～96.8%)和液液萃取(80.3%～88.5%);GDX-502固相萃取柱富集速度低于固相萃取盘,但远高于LC-C18和ENVITM-C18;GDX-502固相萃取柱的批量处理样品能力(12个)高于固相萃取盘(6个);同时所使用的有机试剂量远低于液液萃取。GDX-502固相萃取柱的萃取效率、分析通量、经济性和环保性具有更大的优势。  相似文献   

Modelling of Boron Removal from Solutions Using Purolite S 108 in a Batch Reactor          下载免费PDF全文

Mustafa Korkmaz  Cengiz Özmetin  Baybars Ali Fil 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2016,44(8):949-958

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Salinity tolerance in Schinopsis quebracho colorado: Seed germination, growth, ion relations and metabolic responses     

D.A. Meloni  M.R. Gulotta  C.A. Martínez   《Journal of Arid Environments》2008,72(10):1785-1792

Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress influencing plant productivity worldwide. Schinopsis quebracho colorado is one of the most important woody species in the Gran Chaco, an arid and salt-prone subtropical biome of South America. To gain a better understanding of the physiological mechanisms that allow plant establishment under salt conditions, germination and seedling growth of S. quebracho colorado were examined under treatment with a range of NaCl solutions (germination: 0–300 mmol l⁻¹ NaCl; seedling growth: 0–200 mmol l⁻¹ NaCl). The aim was to test the hypothesis that S. quebracho colorado is a glycophite that shows different salt tolerance responses with development stage. Proline content, total soluble carbohydrates and Na⁺, K⁺ and Cl⁻ concentrations in leaves and roots of seedlings, and the chlorophyll concentration and relative water content of leaves were measured. Germination was not affected by 100 mmol l⁻¹ NaCl, but decreased at a concentration of 200 mmol l⁻¹. At 300 mmol l⁻¹ NaCl, germination did not occur. Seedling growth decreased drastically with increasing salinity. An increase in NaCl from 0 to 100 mmol l⁻¹ also significantly reduced the leaf relative water content by 22% and increased the proline concentration by 60% in roots. In contrast, total soluble carbohydrates were not significantly affected by salinity. Seedlings showed a sodium exclusion capacity, and there was an inverse correlation between Cl⁻ concentration and the total chlorophyll concentration. S. quebracho colorado was more tolerant to salinity during germination than in the seedling phase. The results suggest that this increased tolerance during germination might, in part, be the result of lower sensitivity to high tissue Na⁺ concentrations. The significant increment of proline in the roots suggests the positive role of this amino acid as a compatible solute in balancing the accumulation of Na⁺ and Cl⁻ as a result of salinity. These results help clarify the physiological mechanisms that allow establishment of S. quebracho colorado on salt-affected soils in arid and semi-arid Gran Chaco.  相似文献   

ESW在磁尾磁场重联耗散区分形线附近的观测特性及其作用          下载免费PDF全文

李世友  邓晓华  王敬芳 《地球物理学报》2009,52(4):902-910

磁场重联是空间能量释放和转换的重要机制.静电孤立波(ESW)虽然在空间中有广泛观测,但在磁场重联附近少有直接观测,对它在磁场重联附近的特性了解甚少.通过Geotail卫星对一个磁场重联事件的观测,仔细分析了其边界层上观测到的静电孤立波的特性,并讨论了它对磁场重联的影响.研究表明,亚暴期间在磁尾发生磁场重联,重联区域的分形线附近观测到了大量的静电孤立波,其特性与在其他地方观测到的并没有显著差别,但具有更明显的非线性和孤立性的特征.它们对电子加速和能量耗散有促进作用,加速磁场重联的进程.  相似文献   

Investigating the influence of total electrolyte concentration and sodium–calcium ion competition on controlled dispersion of swelling clays     

Josephine Lim  Ross G. de Kretser  Peter J. Scales 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2009,93(2):15-102

The influence of clay dispersion method on dewatering behaviour of a run-of-mine bentonite was examined to better understand the roles of calcium–sodium ion exchange and overall electrolyte concentration on the suppression of swelling and subsequent stabilisation of the clay. As with previous work, controlled dispersion of the clay directly into a swelling suppressing environment was observed to yield order of magnitude improvements in dewatering behaviour [de Kretser, R.G., Scales, P.J. and Boger, D.V., 1997. Improving clay-based tailings disposal: a case study on coal tailings. AIChE Journal. 43 (7), 1894–1903.]. The calcium ion, even after normalisation for its valence, yielded significantly better clay stabilisation performance than the sodium ion indicating the greater benefit afforded via divalent ion-exchange driven controlled dispersion. However the results also highlighted a synergistic effect of the double layer suppression effect on the efficacy of ion-exchange mediated controlled dispersion through simultaneous swelling suppression and structure preservation during the transient process of ion exchange on hydration. Studies of controlled dispersion in dual ion, Na⁺ and Ca²⁺, systems illustrated that although the efficacy of controlled dispersion deteriorated with an increase in the Na⁺ to Ca²⁺ ratio, even small amounts of calcium character could generate significant improvements in dewaterability over the pure sodium case. This result was relevant in terms of defining an operational window for the commonly used, but sparingly soluble calcium source, gypsum where the low deliverable calcium level could be more than offset by the controlled dispersion benefits of maintaining a higher overall salinity level. Based on the results presented, the potential impact of practical implementation of a controlled dispersion framework within a mineral processing operation was illustrated via numerical modelling of the operation of a steady state thickener.  相似文献