大庆湿地的主要类型及其污染物降解功能价值估算     

杨丹  张思冲  宫晓蕾  李丽娜  王明明 《湿地科学与管理》2011,7(3):16-18

以大庆市区湿地为研究对象,利用大庆地区2004年LANDSAT TM遥感图形解译数据和实地调查数据,采用地理信息系统技术(GIS),分析了大庆湿地的类型及分布特征;并选用替代法对大庆湿地进行污染物降解功能价值估算。研究表明,降解污染物功能主要是自然湿地所具有的功能,其次是人工湿地中的稻田湿地,经估算自然湿地降解污染物价值为17.90亿元,人工湿地降解污染物价值为0.017亿元,大庆湿地降解污染物价值17.92亿元。  相似文献   

广西湿地立法保护的思考与建议     

李凤  谭学锋  李贵玉  刘杰恩  梁士楚 《湿地科学与管理》2011,7(2):66-69

广西湿地资源丰富,但随着经济的快速发展,广西湿地生态系统受到严重的威胁。通过总结广西湿地的实际情况,结合国内的湿地立法进展,分析广西湿地保护的法律现状及存在的问题,提出了广西湿地保护立法的架构和一些建议,为广西湿地立法提供借鉴,以更好地保护广西湿地生态系统。  相似文献   

论湿地保护法律体系建设之完善     

彭越  李媛辉  赖佳男  王静 《湿地科学与管理》2011,7(4):59-61

从分析湿地保护现状及我国湿地保护立法规定,比较国外先进的湿地立法,根据我国湿地保护的实际情况,提出湿地保护法律完善的对策,促进专门的湿地立法建设。  相似文献   

Impact of climate change on wetland ecosystems: A critical review of experimental wetlands     

Shokoufeh Salimi  Suhad A.A.A.N. Almuktar  Miklas Scholz 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2013

Climate change is identified as a major threat to wetlands. Altered hydrology and rising temperature can change the biogeochemistry and function of a wetland to the degree that some important services might be turned into disservices. This means that they will, for example, no longer provide a water purification service and adversely they may start to decompose and release nutrients to the surface water. Moreover, a higher rate of decomposition than primary production (photosynthesis) may lead to a shift of their function from being a sink of carbon to a source. This review paper assesses the potential response of natural wetlands (peatlands) and constructed wetlands to climate change in terms of gas emission and nutrients release. In addition, the impact of key climatic factors such as temperature and water availability on wetlands has been reviewed. The authors identified the methodological gaps and weaknesses in the literature and then introduced a new framework for conducting a comprehensive mesocosm experiment to address the existing gaps in literature to support future climate change research on wetland ecosystems. In the future, higher temperatures resulting in drought might shift the role of both constructed wetland and peatland from a sink to a source of carbon. However, higher temperatures accompanied by more precipitation can promote photosynthesis to a degree that might exceed the respiration and maintain the carbon sink role of the wetland. There might be a critical water level at which the wetland can preserve most of its services. In order to find that level, a study of the key factors of climate change and their interactions using an appropriate experimental method is necessary. Some contradictory results of past experiments can be associated with different methodologies, designs, time periods, climates, and natural variability. Hence a long-term simulation of climate change for wetlands according to the proposed framework is recommended. This framework provides relatively more accurate and realistic simulations, valid comparative results, comprehensive understanding and supports coordination between researchers. This can help to find a sustainable management strategy for wetlands to be resilient to climate change.  相似文献   

苏州湿地自然科普现状与思考     

范竟成  李欣  张铭连  朱铮宇  周婷婷  冯育青 《湿地科学与管理》2022,18(1):51-53

以苏州湿地自然教育近10年的探索实践为例,总结了苏州自然科普“阵地+队伍+课程”的经验与成效,指出目前存在人员专业度、稳定性和行业认可度等问题,并提出自然科普专业课程、“双轨制”人才培养模式和校本教材3方面的对策建议,以期为我国湿地自然科普发展实践提供参考。  相似文献   

Overview of integrative tools and methods in assessing ecological integrity in estuarine and coastal systems worldwide   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

Borja A  Bricker SB  Dauer DM  Demetriades NT  Ferreira JG  Forbes AT  Hutchings P  Jia X  Kenchington R  Carlos Marques J  Zhu C 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(9):1519-1537

In recent years, several sets of legislation worldwide (Oceans Act in USA, Australia or Canada; Water Framework Directive or Marine Strategy in Europe, National Water Act in South Africa, etc.) have been developed in order to address ecological quality or integrity, within estuarine and coastal systems. Most such legislation seeks to define quality in an integrative way, by using several biological elements, together with physico-chemical and pollution elements. Such an approach allows assessment of ecological status at the ecosystem level ('ecosystem approach' or 'holistic approach' methodologies), rather than at species level (e.g. mussel biomonitoring or Mussel Watch) or just at chemical level (i.e. quality objectives) alone. Increasing attention has been paid to the development of tools for different physico-chemical or biological (phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos, algae, phanerogams, fishes) elements of the ecosystems. However, few methodologies integrate all the elements into a single evaluation of a water body. The need for such integrative tools to assess ecosystem quality is very important, both from a scientific and stakeholder point of view. Politicians and managers need information from simple and pragmatic, but scientifically sound methodologies, in order to show to society the evolution of a zone (estuary, coastal area, etc.), taking into account human pressures or recovery processes. These approaches include: (i) multidisciplinarity, inherent in the teams involved in their implementation; (ii) integration of biotic and abiotic factors; (iii) accurate and validated methods in determining ecological integrity; and (iv) adequate indicators to follow the evolution of the monitored ecosystems. While some countries increasingly use the establishment of marine parks to conserve marine biodiversity and ecological integrity, there is awareness (e.g. in Australia) that conservation and management of marine ecosystems cannot be restricted to Marine Protected Areas but must include areas outside such reserves. This contribution reviews the current situation of integrative ecological assessment worldwide, by presenting several examples from each of the continents: Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and North America.  相似文献   

扎龙湿地自然保护区的火灾管理     

孙瑶 《湿地科学与管理》2009,5(3):38-40

通过对黑龙江省扎龙湿地自然保护区自然资源状况和火灾特点的分析,结合当地社会经济及环境中存在的问题,为研究地区的林火管理提出具体建议。研究表明,在防火季节,有效地控制火源,提高当地居民的防火意识是预防火灾的关键;此外,保证保护区水源供应在火灾预防中起着关键作用。研究结果可为湿地类型自然保护区的林火管理提供参考。  相似文献   

基于景观结构变化的青海湖流域湿地空间分析     

陈克龙  朵海瑞  李准  杨龙 《湿地科学与管理》2009,5(4):36-39

以青海湖流域为研究区域,以遥感影像为主要信息源,以景观指数为空间分析方法,从流域和县域两级水平对青海湖流域1977-2000年湿地景观变化进行空间分析。结果表明:近30年青海湖流域湿地面积净减少101247hm2,斑块数目增加了1099个,破碎程度明显增加,分离度呈上升趋势,分维数逐渐变小趋近于1,人类活动的加剧导致青海湖流域湿地景观空间结构变化。  相似文献   

辽宁省人口承载力研究          下载免费PDF全文

赵先丽  周广胜  隋兴华  于文颖  李丽光 《气象与环境学报》2009,25(4):61-65

随着人口的不断增加,资源、环境、人口与发展之间的矛盾日益突出,土地资源能否生产足够的食物供养未来人口的问题受到普遍关注。基于1997—2006年辽宁省10 km×10 km分辨率的气象资料,通过自然植被净第一性生产力模型和农业生产力模型计算了农田、草地和湿地的生产力及其动态。结果表明：近10 a来辽宁省年平均气温呈略下降趋势,年降水量呈增加趋势。1997—2006年辽宁省植被年平均总净第一性生产力为（农田、草地和湿地）3.63×107 t•yr-1,其中农田、草地和湿地分别为2.18×107 t•yr-1、0.99×107 t•yr-1和0.46×107 t•yr-1。应用人口承载力模型计算出在宽裕型、小康型和富裕型3种消费水平下1997—2006年辽宁省的年平均总人口承载力,分别为2226.9万人、2035.3万人和2015.1万人。  相似文献   

国外国家公园社区问题研究综述   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王丽丽 《云南地理环境研究》2009,21(1):73-77

周边社区是建设国家公园过程中一个不可回避的方面。通过系统梳理和回顾国外相关研究文献,对国外国家公园社区问题的研究内容和研究方法进行归纳总结,把握目前国外国家公园社区问题的研究现状,为中国同主题的研究提供一定的理论借鉴。国外对国家公园社区问题的研究主要集中在国家公园对社区的影响、社区对国家公园的影响与认知、社区参与、社区利益分配、土地利用等方面;研究方法多以定量分析为主,多为实证研究。研究表明,对于国家公园的研究需在社区利益分配、社区土地利用、社区可持续发展、社区需求等方面进一步细化、加深。社区参与是未来国家公园可持续发展的重要手段之一,因此对其参与方式、利益分配机制、利益保护的研究将是重点。  相似文献