青藏高原东缘龙门山晚新生代剥蚀厚度与弹性挠曲模拟   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

李勇  ALDENSMORE  周荣军  MA  ELLIS 《地质学报》2005,79(5):608-615

龙门山是青藏高原东缘边界山脉,具有青藏高原地貌、龙门山高山地貌和山前冲积平原三个一级地貌单元。利用数字高程模式图像和裂变径迹年代测定方法研究和计算龙门山晚新生代剥蚀厚度与剥蚀速率,结果表明:3.6 Ma以来龙门山的剥蚀厚度介于1.91-2.16 km之间,剥蚀速率介于0.53-0.60 mm/a之间。在此基础上,开展了该地区岩石圈的弹性挠曲模拟,结果表明龙门山的隆升机制具有以构造缩短隆升和剥蚀卸载隆升相叠合的特点。3.6 Ma之前,龙门山的隆升与逆冲推覆构造负载有关,以构造缩短驱动的构造隆升为特色;3.6 Ma之后,龙门山的隆升与剥蚀卸载驱动的抬升有关,并以剥蚀卸载隆升为特色,进而提出了龙门山晚新生代以来的隆升机制以剥蚀成山作用为主的认识。  相似文献   

中国大陆科学钻探主孔声发射法现今地应力状态的确定   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

王连捷李朋武  崔军文丁原辰 《中国地质》2005,32(2):259-264

对中国大陆科学钻探主孔的岩心进行了声发射测量,确定了301～1531m深度的最大主应力。并与钻孔崩落法(深度1269～1655m)测量结果进行了对比,结果表明,声发射测量所得测值基本上落在钻孔崩落法测值的趋势线上,两种方法所得结果一致,说明测量结果可信。测量结果表明科学钻探主孔地应力大小随深度增加,在浅部301m最大主应力为13.4MPa,在深部1655m为55.2MPa。随深度的增加率为0.0279MPa/m。最大主应力方向为N54°±3.3°E,且方向不随深度变化。  相似文献   

西北地区空中云水资源的时空分布特征   总被引：12，自引：6，他引：12  

陈勇航  黄建平  陈长和  张强  冯建东  金宏春  王天河 《高原气象》2005,24(6):905-912

利用1983年7月至1998年12月国际卫星云气候计划ISCCP D2的月平均云资料,对西北地区空中云水资源的时空分布特征进行了系统的研究。结果表明:三个不同区域的月平均总云量、光学厚度和云水路径的区域平均值分别在52.5%~58.3%,2.6~6.6和44.9~77.6 g.m-2之间;西北地区空中云水资源多年平均分布有其沿地形分布的特点,总云量、中云量、总光学厚度和总云水路径的高值区均在天山、昆仑山、祁连山一带,而低值中心一般分布在塔里木盆地—内蒙古西部戈壁沙漠—黄土高原西北部一带。此外,祁连山、青海所在的高原气候区云水资源近年呈上升趋势,特别是总光学厚度和总云水路径15年来呈明显上升趋势,分别约上升了0.8和16.4 g.m-2。  相似文献   

Where did rotational shortening occur in the Himalayas? - Inferences from palaeomagnetic remagnetisations     

E. Schill  C. CrouzetP. Gautam  V.K. SinghE. Appel 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2002,203(1):45-57

In metacarbonates of the Lesser (LH) and Tethyan (TH) Himalayas of Kumaon/Garhwal (N-India) characteristic remanent magnetisations carried by pyrrhotite (unblocking temperatures: 250-330°C) and magnetite (demagnetising spectra: 15-50 mT) have been identified. Negative fold tests indicate remanence acquisition after the main folding phase, which is of short-wavelength character and occurs during the early orogenese of the Himalayas. A thermal or thermochemical origin of magnetisation is likely and the age of remanence acquisition is indicated to be about 40 Ma by ⁴⁰K/³⁹Ar cooling and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar crystallisation ages. In the Kumaon LH a long-wavelength tilting is indicated by a distribution of the remanence directions along a small-circle in N-S direction. Steepening of the remanence directions in the TH related to ramping on the Main Central Thrust (MCT) was not observed, in contrast to other related studies. In the Alaknanda valley of LH a 38±8 Ma age of remanence acquisition is supported by comparison of observed inclinations to the apparent polar wander path of India. Clockwise rotation of 20.3±11.7° (LH/Alaknanda valley) and 11.3±8.5° (TH) with respect to the Indian plate is observed, indicating that there is no significant evidence for rotational shortening along the MCT since about 40 Ma. Our results suggest that most of rotational underthrusting and oroclinal bending has not been accommodated by the MCT, but by the main thrusts south of it. The latest Miocene/Pliocene age of the Main Boundary Thrust indicates that oroclinal bending is a late-orogenic process.  相似文献   

1996年包头6.4级地震的地壳应变特征   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

郭良迁  薄万举  胡新康  王敏 《地震学报》2002,24(4):348-356

根据GPS观测资料求出的水平地应变和由跨断层垂直形变计算出的速率强度累积率，研究了包头-大同地区1992～1995年、1995～1996年和1996～1999年的各时期的应变特征，并对包头6.4级(1996年5月3)地震前后的地应变进行对比，认为以压应变为主导的高值区可能是未来强震孕育的地区．面应变、主压应变、剪应变和趋势累积率同时较高的地区，强震危险性较大．一般低应变区和张应变为主导的地区，孕育强震的可能性小，属于比较稳定的地区．1992～1999年包头-大同地区的GPS水平应变的演变，反映了1996～1998年地震幕的孕育发展及结束的全过程．以压应变为主的高应变区和应变梯度带可作为未来强震危险区的判定标志之一．   相似文献   

用应变积累释放模型研究中国大陆地块分区地震活动   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

马宏生  刘杰  张国民  李丽 《地震学报》2002,24(6):569-578

依据活动地块假说及活动边界的划分，对中国大陆地震活动进行分区．在此基础上，应用应变积累释放模型，通过地震应变积累释放的计算，研究了中国大陆各活动地块分区的地震活动性，初步探讨了各地块的地震活动阶段划分．此外，还对应变积累释放模型的应用前提条件进行了必要的讨论，并对模型结果中可能出现的问题给予一定分析．   相似文献   

Shallow seismicity, stress distribution and crustal deformation pattern in the Andaman-West Sunda arc and Andaman Sea, northeastern Indian Ocean     

M. Radha Krishna  T.D. Sanu 《Journal of Seismology》2002,6(1):25-41

Shallow seismicity and available source mechanisms in the Andaman–westSunda arc and Andaman sea region suggest distinct variation in stressdistribution pattern both along and across the arc in the overriding plate.Seismotectonic regionalisation indicates that the region could be dividedinto eight broad seismogenic sources of relatively homogeneousdeformation. Crustal deformation rates have been determined for each oneof these sources based on the summation of moment tensors. The analysisshowed that the entire fore arc region is dominated by compressive stresseswith compression in a mean direction of N23^°, and the rates ofseismic deformation velocities in this belt decrease northward from 5.2± 0.65 mm/yr near Nias island off Sumatra and 1.12 ±0.13 mm/yr near Great Nicobar islands to as much as 0.4 ±0.04 mm/yr north of 8^°N along Andaman–Nicobar islandsregion. The deformation velocities indicate, extension of 0.83 ±0.05 mm/yr along N343^° and compression of 0.19 ±0.01 mm/yr along N73^° in the Andaman back arc spreadingregion, extension of 0.18 ± 0.01 mm/yr along N125^° andcompression of 0.16 ± 0.01 mm/yr along N35^° in NicobarDeep and west Andaman fault zone, compression of 0.84 ±0.12 mm/yr N341^° and extension of 0.77 ± 0.11 mm/yralong N72^° within the transverse tectonic zone in the Andamantrench, N-S compression of 3.19 ± 0.29 mm/yr and an E-Wextension of 1.24 ± 0.11 mm/yr in the Semangko fault zone ofnorth Sumatra. The vertical deformation suggests crustal thinning in theAndaman sea and crustal thickening in the fore arc and Semangko faultzones. The apparent stresses calculated for all major events range between0.1–10 bars and the values increase with increasing seismic moment.However, the apparent stress estimates neither indicate any significantvariation with faulting type nor display any variation across the arc, incontrast to the general observation that the fore arc thrust events showhigher stress levels in the shallow subduction zones. It is inferred that theoblique plate convergence, partial subduction of 90^°E Ridge innorth below the Andaman trench and the active back arc spreading are themain contributing factors for the observed stress field within the overridingplate in this region.  相似文献   

On crustal movement in Mt. Qomolangma area     

陈俊勇  王泽民  庞尚益  张骥  张全德 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2002,45(3):233-240

Mt. Qomolangma lies in the collision zone between the fringe of Eurasia plate and Indian plate. The crustal movement there is still very active so far. In the past three decades China carried out five geodetic campaigns in Mt. Qomolangma and its north vicinal area, independently or cooperatively with other countries, including triangulation, leveling, GPS positioning, atmospheric, astronomical and gravity measurements. On the basis of the observation results achieved in the campaigns the crustal movements in the area were studied and explored. A non-stationary phenomenon both in time and space of the crustal vertical movement in the area is found. There seems to be some relevance between the phenomenon of non-stationary in time and seismic episode in China. The phenomenon of non-stationary in space is possibly relevant to the no-homo- geneity of crustal medium and non-uniform absorption of terrestrial stress. The horizontal crustal movement in the area is in the direction of NEE at a speed of 6–7 cm per year, and the trend of strike slip movement is manifested evidently in the collision fringe of Indian plate and Qinghai-Xizang block.  相似文献   

Establishment of a Non-Permanent GPS Network to Monitor the Recent NE-SW Deformation in the Granada Basin (Betic Cordillera,Southern Spain)     

Gil  A. J.  Rodríguez-Caderot  G.  Lacy  M. C.  Ruiz  A. M.  Sanz de Galdeano  C.  Alfaro  P. 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2002,46(3):395-410

The Granada Basin (Central Betic Cordillera), one of the most seismically active areas of the Iberian Peninsula, is currently subjected to NW-SE compression and NE-SW extension. The present day extension is accommodated by normal faults with various orientations but particularly with a NW-SE strike. At the surface, these active NW-SE normal faults are mainly concentrated on the NE part of the Basin. In this part we have selected a 15-km long segment where several active normal faults crop out. Using the marine Tortonian rocks as a reference, we have calculated a minimum extensional rate of 0.15-0.30 mm/year. The observed block rotation, the listric geometry of faults at depth and the distribution of seismicity over the whole Basin, indicate that this rate is a minimum value. In the framework of an interdisciplinary research project a non-permanent GPS-network has been established in the central sector of Betic Cordillera to monitor the crustal deformations. The first two observation campaigns were done in 1999 and 2000.  相似文献   

Precursory seismic crustal deformation in the area of southern Albanides     

B.C. Papazachos  A.S. Savvaidis  C.B. Papazachos  G.F. Karakaisis 《Journal of Seismology》2002,6(2):237-245

On the basis of growing evidence thatstrong earthquakes are preceded by a periodof accelerating seismicity of moderatemagnitude earthquakes, an attempt is madeto search for such seismicity pattern in NWAegean area. Accelerating seismic crustaldeformation has been identified in the areaof southern Albanides mountain range(border region between Greece, formerYugoslavia and Albania). Based on certainproperties of this activity and on itssimilarity with accelerating seismicdeformation observed before a strongearthquake which occurred in the sameregion on 26 May 1960 (M = 6.5), we canconclude that a similar earthquake may begenerated in the same region during thenext few years. This conclusion is inagreement with independent results whichhave been derived on the basis of the timepredictable model.  相似文献