鄂尔多斯盆地北部黄土沙漠区隐蔽薄气层预测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨华  付金华  王大兴 《应用地球物理》2004,1(2):122-128

长庆油田公司针对黄土沙漠区低孔、低渗、薄气藏的地震目标处理,经过多年的探索与实践,已形成了一套适合该类气藏特点的储层横向预测技术。在榆林、乌审旗、苏里格庙和神木等地区的上古生界天然气勘探、开发阶段取得了显著效果,使长庆油田上古生界天然气储量连续八年保持稳定增长。本文详细剖析了该技术的应用效果及经验。  相似文献   

Progress in sandy desertification research of China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

WANG Tao 《地理学报(英文版)》2004,14(4):387-400

Desertification is one of the most serious environmental and socio-economic problems facing the world today. Because the rapid expansion of desertification has resulted in serious environmental deterioration, economic loss, locally unsteadiness political situation and social upheaval, it has become a hot-spot issue of worldwide concern. During the late 1960s and early 1970s, as the catastrophic drought in the west Africa greatly accelerated the development of desertification, the desertificati…  相似文献   

沙漠增温效应特征及绿洲农业热量资源分异规律的研究   总被引：9，自引：5，他引：9  

张凤华  赖先齐  潘旭东 《中国沙漠》2004,24(6):751-754

为了进一步认识绿洲高效农业特殊的热量资源，通过研究沙漠增温效应特征表明：沙漠增温效应强弱随距离沙漠远近而不同，100km范围内沙漠对绿洲的平均增温为1．76℃；另外增温效应导致绿洲日、年温差大、干热风及冷害等气候特征；由于沙漠的面积、地貌特点等的差异，使增温效应产生原因及作用程度不尽相同，表现出绿洲农业资源分异规律，并将西北干旱区绿洲分为5个类型区。  相似文献   

Desert vegetation and timing of solar radiation     

J.C. Walton  F. Martinez-Gonzalez  R. Worthington 《Journal of Arid Environments》2005,60(4):697-707

Timing and amount of solar radiation were examined as factors influencing the distribution of seven perennial plants on a small mountain located in the Chihuahuan Desert. Average direct beam solar radiation fluxes at differing times throughout the day and year were estimated with computer calculations. Principal components analysis was used to reduce the number of solar radiation parameters and include the maximum available information with a manageable number of variables. The remaining solar radiation parameters were compared to plant distributions using redundancy analysis and generalized additive models. Unimodal, bimodal, and monotonic responses were all found depending upon the species and solar radiation parameter. Niche separation at this location depends upon the timing as well as the amount of solar radiation.  相似文献   

Temporal variability in the maternal environment and its effect on seed size and seed quality in Flourensia cernua DC. (Asteraceae).   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. Valencia-Díaz  C. Montaa 《Journal of Arid Environments》2005,63(4):686-695

The biological phenomenon commonly referred to as maternal effect occurs whenever the environment exerts an influence upon the mother that is later expressed in characteristics of her offsprings. For example, the environmental conditions experienced by a mother plant during flowering and fruiting can modify the quality of her descendants (seeds), and even interrupt their development. Between-year variation in minimum temperature and the classic, between-year variation in precipitation represent an unpredictable environment for winter blooming plants in arid zones. In this study, we investigated the effect of maternal environment (temperature and precipitation) on seed size and seed quality in F. cernua, over a 5-year period. Results indicated that the proportion of filled seeds, as well as their size, increased with higher absolute minimum temperatures during seed formation, and that, to a lesser extent, both the precipitation occurred during the same period and the annual precipitation also have a positive influence on seed size. In this way, environmental conditions prevailing during seed formation exerted a strong maternal effect on the size and quality of seeds produced and, probably also, in the developmental possibilities of F. cernua seedlings. This effect was subject to important, between-year variation.  相似文献   

Effects of Enclosure on Plant and Soil Nutrients in Different Types of Alpine Grassland     

WANG Fang  HE Yongtao  FU Gang  NIU Ben  ZHANG Haorui  LI Meng  WANG Zhipeng  WANG Xiangtao  ZHANG Xianzhou 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(3):290-297

Enclosure is one of the most widely used management tools for degraded alpine grassland on the northern Tibetan Plateau, but the responses of different types of grassland to enclosure may vary, and research on these responses can provide a scientific basis for improving ecological conservation. This study took one site for each of three grassland types (alpine meadow, alpine steppe and alpine desert) on the northern Tibetan Plateau as examples, and explored the effects of enclosure on plant and soil nutrients by comparing differences in plant community biomass, leaf-soil nutrient content and their stoichiometry between samples from inside and outside the fence. The results showed that enclosure can significantly increase all aboveground biomass in these three grassland types, but it only increased the 10-20 cm underground biomass in the alpine desert. Enclosure also significantly increased the leaf nutrient content of the dominant plants and contents of total nitrogen (N), total potassium (K), and organic carbon (C) in 10-20 cm soil in alpine desert, thus changing the stoichiometry between C, N and P (phosphorus). However, enclosure significantly increased only the N content of dominant plant leaves in alpine steppe, while other nutrients and stoichiometries of both plant leaves and soil did not show significant differences in alpine meadow and alpine steppe. These results suggested that enclosure has differential effects on these three types of alpine grasslands on the northern Tibetan Plateau, and the alpine desert showed the most active ecological conservation in the responses of its soil and plant nutrients.  相似文献   

荒漠绿洲湿地土壤水热盐动态过程及其影响机制     

孟阳阳  刘冰  刘婵 《中国沙漠》2019,39(1):149-160

以甘肃临泽荒漠绿洲湿地为研究对象，通过对土壤温度、含水量、电导率及蒸散量的野外观测，在植物生长期和冻融期分别深入分析水热盐耦合运移过程及其影响因素，探讨水热梯度对盐分运移及其分布格局的控制作用。结果表明：土壤温度整体呈现出春夏季逐渐升高、秋冬季降低趋势。在冻结期，土壤表现为脱盐状态，表层电导率由2.8 mS·cm^-1降到1.2 mS·cm^-1；而在消融期为积盐状态，表层电导率由1.2 mS·cm^-1升到3.7 mS·cm^-1。在生长期，土壤含水量和电导率波动较为剧烈，表层含水量27%~43%，表层电导率3~5.5 mS·cm^-1，土壤脱盐、积盐反复出现。全年蒸散量总体呈单峰变化趋势，年蒸散量507 mm；土壤电导率与蒸散量呈正比关系，与地下水位呈负相关关系；蒸散发作用是土壤表层积盐的主要驱动力，而地下水波动影响着湿地脱盐、洗盐过程。因此，荒漠绿洲湿地土壤盐分累积过程是水分运移和热量传输过程发生变化的结果。  相似文献   

Assessment of Desert Ecological Assets and Countermeasures for Ecological Compensation     

BAO Yingshuang  CHENG Leilei  LU Qi 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(1):56-62

Can deserts be transformed into resources, into assets, and further into cash? It is necessary to scientifically assess desert ecological assets and incorporate them into the national economic accounting system and the current evaluation system for socio-economic development. This study will provide a scientific basis and robust data for establishing a target system that is compatible with both ecological civilization and an associated reward and punishment mechanism, as well as for designing and implementing effective compensation policies for desert ecosystems. This paper first defines desert ecological assets, and then develops a framework for assessing them based on the evaluation of desert ecological resources and desert ecosystem services. This framework paves the foundation for quantitatively assessing desert ecological assets and preparing balance sheets of desert ecological assets. Finally, this paper analyzes current policies relating to desert ecological compensation, discusses how to design compensation policies based on assessment of desert ecological assets, and puts forward suggestions for improving current policies.  相似文献   

Simulation of site-scale water fluxes in desert and natural oasis ecosystems of the arid region in Northwest China     

Mingjuan Xie  Geping Luo  Olaf Hellwich  Amaury Frankl  Wenqiang Zhang  Chunbo Chen  Chen Zhang  Philippe De Maeyer 《水文研究》2021,35(12):e14444

The study of water fluxes is important to better understand hydrological cycles in arid regions. Data-driven machine learning models have been recently applied to water flux simulation. Previous studies have built site-scale simulation models of water fluxes for individual sites separately, requiring a large amount of data from each site and significant computation time. For arid areas, there is no consensus as to the optimal model and variable selection method to simulate water fluxes. Using data from seven flux observation sites in the arid region of Northwest China, this study compared the performance of random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), back propagation neural network (BPNN), and multiple linear regression (MLR) models in simulating water fluxes. Additionally, the study investigated inter-annual and seasonal variation in water fluxes and the dominant drivers of this variation at different sites. A universal simulation model for water flux was built using the RF approach and key variables as determined by MLR, incorporating data from all sites. Model performance of the SVM algorithm (R² = 0.25–0.90) was slightly worse than that of the RF algorithm (R² = 0.41–0.91); the BPNN algorithm performed poorly in most cases (R² = 0.15–0.88). Similarly, the MLR results were limited and unreliable (R² = 0.00–0.66). Using the universal RF model, annual water fluxes were found to be much higher than the precipitation received at each site, and natural oases showed higher fluxes than desert ecosystems. Water fluxes were highest during the growing season (May–September) and lowest during the non-growing season (October–April). Furthermore, the dominant drivers of water flux variation were various among different sites, but the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil moisture and soil temperature were important at most sites. This study provides useful insights for simulating water fluxes in desert and oasis ecosystems, understanding patterns of variation and the underlying mechanisms. Besides, these results can make a contribution as the decision-making basis to the water management in desert and oasis ecosystems.  相似文献   

Geochemistry of Khor Um-Safi ophiolitic serpentinites,central Eastern desert,Egypt: Implications for neoproterozoic arc-basin system in the Arabian-Nubian shield     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2021,81(1):125690

Serpentinites in the Eastern Desert of Egypt are the most distinctive lithological unit in the Arabian–Nubian Shield (ANS) ophiolite sequence which associated with major suture zones. Khor Um-Safi (KUS) serpentinites represent dismembered fragments of ophiolitic rocks located in the central Eastern Desert (CED) of Egypt.KUS serpentinites exhibit affinity to the typical metamorphic peridotites with harzburgitic protolith compositions. Their opaque mineral assemblage (pentlandite, heazlewoodite and magnetite) is similar to that observed in oceanic serpentinites and implies serpentinization under highly reducing conditions. They have refractory major element compositions with Al₂O₃ contents comparable to oceanic and active margin peridotites as well as Pan-African serpentinites. The Cr and TiO₂ contents reflect evolution within a supra-subduction zone (SSZ) environment. This implication is confirmed by the Al₂O₃/SiO₂ and MgO/SiO₂ ratios which akin to ANS ophiolitic peridotites in fore-arc setting. Their enrichment in compatible trace elements (Cr, Ni and Co) reveals a depleted mantle peridotite protolith.Modelling trace elements indicates that they represent the mantle residues from 15 to 20 % melting of spinel peridotite at oxygen fugacity conditions of the QFM + 1 buffer. This range of melt extraction is consistent with the typical range of SSZ peridotite. Oxygen fugacity estimation suggests evolution under more oxidizing regime similar to modern fore-arc basin system. Moreover, this implication indicates that the KUS mantle represents arc lithosphere interacted with arc melt.  相似文献