Variability of the useful life of reservoirs in tropical locations: A case study from the Burdekin Falls Dam,Australia     

Michelle Cooper  Stephen E. Lewis  Thomas C. Stieglitz  Scott G. Smithers 《国际泥沙研究》2018,33(2):93-106

Large dam construction for irrigation, hydropower, water supply, and flood control in tropical to sub-tropical areas increased markedly after 1950. Many of the dams built during this period have filled with sediment and no longer perform to their original design specifications; in many cases, forecast dam life was greatly overestimated. This study investigates the useful life of Burdekin Falls Dam (BFD), northeastern Australia and compares the findings with other tropical reservoirs. Using two independent methods it is estimated that between 61 and 65 million m³ of sediment has been deposited in the reservoir over the 24 years of operation through 2011. This sediment volume equates to an average of 0.15% of capacity lost per year since construction was completed. If current sediment loads/climate regimes persist, reservoir capacity will be reduced by 50% after 345 years. However, the useful life of the BFD reduces to just 276 years when drawdown data are considered; these data show reservoir use would be affected once 40% of storage was filled with sediment, with a 60% drawdown return period of 1 in 15 years. When compared to similar large tropical to sub-tropical reservoirs, the BFD has a slightly longer reservoir useful life than dams in India and a much longer half-life than for both similar-sized and larger dams in China, Brazil, and Iran. Properties of the BFD that promote a longer useful life include a lower trap efficiency, relatively low annual sediment load delivered to the reservoir, limited sediment deposition behind the dam wall (and uniform distribution of deposited sediment), and the export of highly turbid annual floodwaters before settling and deposition of any remaining sediment within the reservoir.  相似文献   

祁连山地震带小震活动增强指标提取与预报效能分析          下载免费PDF全文

毛冬瑶  张博  冯建刚 《地震工程学报》2020,42(5):1090-1095

总结2015年以来、2010年以来和1980年以来祁连山地震带活动增强指标,得到祁连山地震带5年、10年以及40年尺度的小震频度预报效能。祁连山地震带M_L2.0以上地震月频度持续增强的异常出现时间在3个月以上,异常出现后1~3个月,祁连山地震带及边邻地区发生5级以上地震以及青藏高原东北缘发生6级以上地震的概率较高。作为短期预报指标,祁连山地震带的地震活动增强对甘肃及边邻地区的地震预报工作具有重要的指示意义。  相似文献   

2013年芦山M_S7.0地震前南北地震带数字化水位、 水温高频信息异常特征及效能分析     

王喜龙  贾晓东  钱蕊  付聪 《地震》2020,40(2):100-116

数字化观测资料中含有丰富的高频异常信息, 这些高频信息中可能隐含着与地震有关的异常信号。 引入概率密度分布法对2013年4月20日芦山M_S7.0地震发生前南北地震带水位、 水温分钟值观测数据高频成分进行分析, 结果表明, 芦山M_S7.0地震前南北地震带共有17个测点、 19组数据出现高频异常信息, 其中水位5组、 水温14组, 高频异常多集中在四川南部构造带, 且随着时间进程发展, 异常幅值逐渐减小且异常出现向震中区迁移的特征。 通过应用Molchan图表法对提取的高频信息进行统计检验, 结果显示, 概率密度分布法提取的高频异常对地震具有较好的预测效果。 通过对震源区及附近区域大地构造演化、 前兆异常发展及地壳运动速度场等特征分析, 结果发现, 计算得到的地下流体高频异常空间分布特征与南北地震带地壳运动场具有很好的一致性, 表明利用概率密度分布法提取的高频异常与区域构造活动存在一定相关性, 同时也为前人关于对异常形成机理的研究提供了旁证。  相似文献   

Improving optimization efficiency for the total pollutant load allocation in large two-dimensional water areas: Bohai Sea (China) case study     

Yixiang Deng  Kun Lei  Andrea Critto  Fei Qiao  Zicheng Li  Guo Fu 《Marine pollution bulletin》2017,114(1):269-276

The total pollutant load allocation (TPLA) can be transformed into an optimization problem with regards to water quality constraints. The optimization calculation may become very time consuming when the number of water quality constraint equations is great. A Trial and Error Method (TEM) to remove the redundant points was first introduced through iterative calculations under structure and non-structure model grids. The TEM was applied for the TPLA in the Bohai Sea in China. The calculation time was reduced to about 2 min under the condition that 103,433 model grids met the water quality standards. In the best case, the optimization efficiency was improved by 98.9%. The allocation results showed that approximately 90% of total nitrogen (TN) load should be reduced in the 56 pollution sources around the Bohai Sea; of these values, roughly 85% of the reduction could come from 10 pollution sources.  相似文献   

Preparation of an Aluminum and Iron‐Based Coagulant From Fly Ash for Industrial Wastewater Treatment     

《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2017,45(9)

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Food Waste Composting in a High Rate Continuous Feed Drum Reactor: Startup and Carbon Balance Analysis          下载免费PDF全文

Ioannis Zarkadas  Evangelia Angeli  Ioannis Sainis  Evangelos Voudrias  Georgios Pilidis 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2018,46(2)

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吴忠—灵武地区震源机制一致性参数时空特征及预报效能分析     

许英才  曾宪伟  罗国富 《中国地震》2023,39(3):531-542

通过计算2003—2021年吴忠—灵武地区M_L≥2.0地震的震源机制解,利用震源机制解结果和叠加应力场反演方法计算了吴忠一灵武地区的应力张量方差,得到应力张量方差的空间和时序分布特征,分析吴忠—灵武地区4次M_S≥4.0地震和该地区震源机制一致性参数的关系,提取了该地区震源机制一致性参数预测指标,并讨论了其预报效能。结果表明,2003—2021年吴忠—灵武地区的应力张量方差空间值范围主要介于0.13～0.22之间,以38.1°N为分界线,呈现南低北高的分区特征,4次M_S≥4.0地震均发生在应力张量方差高低值的过渡区域附近,应力张量方差的时序图存在两处显著的“异常”变化,其变化特征为应力张量时序方差持续低于0.1且维持1年左右,并呈现显著的“V”型变化,该两处“V”型变化之后各自对应了2012年永宁M_S4.6和2021年灵武Ms4.0地震,即震前其应力张量时序方差均经历了“下降—转折—回升—发震”的变化,回升到发震的时间间隔约为1年左右。该地区的预报效能分析结果认为,可以将震源机制一致性参数作为吴忠—灵...  相似文献   

刺参对筏式养殖海区生物沉积物清除作用的模拟研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘石林  杨红生  周毅  张涛  袁秀堂 《海洋科学》2006,30(12):21-24

室内模拟研究了刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)(湿体质量13.94 g±2.92 g),对养殖海区生物沉积物和海带粉不同配比饵料的摄食、吸收及其生长,评价了刺参对筏式养殖海区生物沉积物的清除作用。实验共设5个饵料配比组,即纯海带(A组),25%沉积物 75%海带(B组),50%沉积物 50%海带(C组),75%沉积物 25%海带(D组)以及纯沉积物(E组)。在海水温度6-16℃条件下,刺参摄食率随沉积物含量的增加明显增大,A组与E组分别出现刺参日摄食率的最小值(0.88%/d)和最大值(9.34%/d);D组刺参日瞬时生长率和对饵料的吸收效率最高,分别为:1.67%/d和48.3%;A组刺参吸收效率虽然较高,但摄食率和瞬时生长率最低;E组刺参的吸收效率出现负值,但刺参生长效果明显。研究结果表明利用刺参清除浅海筏式养殖海区生物沉积物生态效果明显。  相似文献   

饵料粒度对玉筋鱼摄食、生长和生态转换效率的影响     

刘勇  孙耀  唐启升 《海洋学报》2006,28(6):139-143

在实验室大型玻璃钢水槽中,流水条件下投喂两种不同颗粒大小的卤虫,采用Eggers模型比较了黄海、渤海主要中上层小型鱼类玉筋鱼的摄食、生长和生态转换效率等生态能量学特征.结果表明:投喂颗粒小的幼体卤虫的排空率比投喂颗粒大的成体卤虫的大,分别为0.2136,0.1887.摄食小颗粒幼体卤虫的玉筋鱼的摄食率、生长率和生态转换效率分别为22.53g/(100g·d)(湿质量)或60.14kJ/(100g·d),3.63g/(100g·d)(湿质量)或14.86kJ/(100g·d),16.12%(以湿质量计)或24.70%(以能量计);而摄食大颗粒成体卤虫的玉筋鱼的摄食率、生长率和生态转换效率分别为27.54g/(100g·d)(湿质量)或51.69kJ/(100g·d),4.77g/(100g·d)(湿质量)或19.50(kJ/100g·d),17.31%(以湿质量计)或37.69%(以能量计).摄食成体卤虫的湿重比摄食幼体卤虫的多,而摄食幼体卤虫所含能量比成体卤虫的高;从玉筋鱼的生长情况来看,成体卤虫投喂的效果明显优于幼体卤虫,不管是用湿重还是用能含量来表示,摄食成体卤虫的生长都比摄食幼体的快,摄食成体的生态转化效率也都比摄食幼体的要高.  相似文献   

中国文化产业绿色发展效率的空间网络结构及影响机理研究     

张涛  武金爽 《地理科学》2021,41(4):580-587

运用超效率SBM模型,测度中国30省份(不含西藏、港澳台地区)的文化产业绿色发展效率,发现东部、中部、西部三大地区呈梯度递减特征.在文化产业绿色发展效率的基础上,构建空间关联模型并研究其结构特征.研究表明:①中国各省份的文化产业绿色发展效率空间关联作用已经打破了地理位置限制,但整体网络密度仍较低;②河南和山东在空间网络...  相似文献