Dolphin noises recorded by echo‐sounder     

L. J. Paul 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):343-348

The ultrasonic signals of dolphins show as “interference noise” on an echo‐sounder record. Some records obtained from Delphinus delphis in Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand, suggest that these emissions were being used for echo‐ranging, a phenomenon well established by previous work. Possible uses of such records in studying dolphin behaviour are explained.  相似文献   

Pycnogonida from the Snares Islands (note)     

W. C. Clark 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1):173-177

Four species of pycnogonid previously recorded from the Snares Islands are recorded from new localities. A juvenile Cheilopallene trappa had a proboscis typical of the Callipallenidae, and not the highly specialised form characteristic of adults.  相似文献   

Estimating periphyton standing crop in streams: a comparison of chlorophyll a sampling and visual assessments     

C Kilroy  DJ Booker  L Drummond  JA Wech  TH Snelder 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):208-224

Periphyton standing crop is often measured as chlorophyll a but there is increasing interest in using visual assessments of periphyton cover. Visual methods are rapid and require no sample analysis, but can be regarded as subjective with high inter-operator variability. We investigated variability in periphyton standing crop across operators, rivers and time, as determined visually and from chlorophyll a measurements. We found that visual assessments (comprising percentage cover estimates of up to eight periphyton categories) distinguished sites and occasions as effectively as chlorophyll a. Furthermore, an estimate of chlorophyll a could be derived from the visual assessments. Because our surveys were conducted in only three rivers, general applicability of the derivation of estimated chlorophyll a from the visual assessments warrants further investigation. The current recommendation of 20 views was sufficient for realistic visual assessments of average cover. Overall, our results indicated that inter-operator variability in visual assessments need not be a major concern, given adequate training.  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal variability of chlorophyll a and its responses to sea surface temperature, winds and height anomaly in the western South China Sea   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

GAO Shan  WANG Hui  LIU Guimei  LI Hai 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(1):48-58

To understand the response of marine ecosystem to environmental factors, the oceanographic (physical and biochemical) data are analyzed to examine the spatio-temporal distributions of chlorophyll a (Chl a) associated with surface temperature, winds and height anomaly for long periods (1997-2008) in the western South China Sea (SCS). The results indicate that seasonal and spatial distributions of Chl a are primarily influenced by monsoon winds and hydrography. A preliminary Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis of remotely sensed data is used to assess basic characteristics of the response process of Chl a to physical changes, which reveals interannual variability of anomalous low Chl a values corresponding to strong El Ni o (1997-1998), high values corresponding to strong La Ni a (1999-2000), low Chl a corresponding to moderate El Ni o (2001-2003), upward Chl a after warm event in 2005 off the east coast of Vietnam. The variability of Chl a in nearshore and the Mekong River Estuary (MER) waters also suggests its response to these warm or cold processes. Considering the evidence for covariabilities between Chl a and sea surface temperature, winds, height anomaly (upwelling or downwelling), cold waters input and strong winds mixing may play important roles in the spatial and temporal variability of high Chl a. Such research activities could be very important to gain a mechanistic understanding of ecosystem responses to the climate change in the SCS.  相似文献   

Temporal and vertical distribution of microphytobenthos biomass in mangrove sediments of Zhujiang (Pearl River) Estuary     

LIU Weiqiu  ZHANG Jielong  TIAN Guanghong  XU Hualin  YAN Xiaohua 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(4):82-88

Being a primary producer, Microphytobenthos (MPB) play an important role in the benthic ecosystem of mangrove swamps. The temporal and vertical distribution of MPB biomass, expressed as chlorophyll a (Chla), was investigated in mangrove swamps on the Qi’ao island and the Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province, South China. Both locations are situated in the Zhujiang (Pearl River) Estuary. For each location, bi-monthly sampling was carried out at four sites during low tide period. Except one site on the Qi’ao Island, which was in Phragmites australis marsh, all sites were in mangrove swamps. The Chl a concentration in surface (0-1 cm) sediment ranged from 0.2 μg/cm 3 to 8.3 μg/cm3 in the Qi’ao Island and from 2.1 μg/cm3 to 15.6 μg/cm3 in the Futian Mangrove Reserve. The peak Chl a concentration occurred in winter or early spring, while the lowest Chl a concentration, with a value of about one quarter of the peak, was observed in summer or early autumn. The vertical distribution of Chl a concentration exhibited an exponential decline with depth, which indicated a muddy sediment with high organic matter, and the slope of the curve was positively related to Chl a concentration in the surface sediment. The MPB biomass of the Qi’ao Island was significantly lower than that of the Futian Mangrove Reserve. Our results suggest that the overlaying water quality might influence the MPB biomass in surface sediments.  相似文献   

鹤庆北衙铁金矿区环境地质现状及预测评价     

杨寿梅 《云南地质》2012,(2):223-227

北衙铁金矿区万硐山矿段已露天开采多年,而进入后期,将转入深部地下开采。矿区存在的环境地质问题已初步显现。对露天转地下深部开采时主要的环境地质问题进行预测。  相似文献   

西藏措勤县日阿铜矿床成矿地质条件及成矿过程浅析     

王强  孙燕  赵志强  赵涵  何佳乐  王瑜亮 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2012,31(3):229-235

西藏自治区是我国未来重要的铜矿基地,有着重要的战略地位.日阿铜矿床位于冈底斯山脉北缘,地处隆袼尔—工布江达断隆带,地质工作程度较低.笔者通过研究矿床的地质特征,从地层、构造、岩浆岩、成岩成矿时代等方面分析了矿床形成的地质条件,根据该矿床经历的地质作用、矿石构造以及矿物组合特征,认为矿床为矽卡岩型铜矿,主要成矿作用经历了岩浆热液成矿期和表生风化期,其中岩浆热液成矿期为主要成矿期,可进一步分为矽卡岩阶段,氧化物阶段,石英硫化物阶段等,并在此基础上总结出日阿矽卡岩型铜矿床的成矿模式.  相似文献   

最小二乘直线拟合方法及其在同位素地质年代学中的应用研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

范文博  王文龙  陈岳龙  李大鹏 《地质论评》2013,59(5):801-815

最小二乘法(least squares method)是直线拟合常用的方法,在自然科学和社会科学内被广泛应用,尤其在同位素地质年代学领域更是必不可少。仅考虑x或y误差的普通最小二乘法(normal/ordinary least squares)广为人知,但事实上最小二乘法并非如此简单,尤其是在同时考虑x、y误差(乃至误差相关)并采用加权处理时,其数学处理方法会变得十分复杂,而此时普通最小二乘法显得极不合理。本文在前人研究的基础上,结合同位素地质年龄计算的需要,对直线拟合的最小二乘法进行了系统地总结研究,详细介绍了普通最小二乘法、加权普通最小二乘法(normal/ordinary weighting least squares)、标准加权最小二乘法(standard weighting model)、标准独立加权最小二乘法(standard independent weighting model)、独立加权最小二乘法(independent weighting model)及误差相关最小二乘法(error correlated independent weighting model)的数学原理及相关变量的计算过程。在此基础上,进一步阐述了MSWD(mean squared weighted deviation)这个同位素地质年代学中经常使用的参数的数学意义,以及MSWD对计算结果的评判意义。准确理解这些数学方法,对于我们合理选择同位素地质年龄相关参数的计算方法,科学评价直线拟合结果并探讨其地质意义至关重要。我们的研究同时有助于拓展和完善数学领域最小二乘法的基本理论,并可用于其他领域相似的研究之中。  相似文献   

Late Quaternary in a South Atlantic estuarine system: Stratigraphic and paleontologic indicators of coastal evolution     

《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2013

The decisive influence of Late Quaternary sea level changes on the geological evolution of the coastal plain and adjacent continental shelf around the world has long been recognized. Coastal environments evolve actively during transgressive–regressive cycles whose development depends on sea level and sediment supply variations. The interaction of these variables was key to the current morphological and sedimentological configuration of coastal regions. Particularly, the estuarine system of Bahía Blanca (Argentina) presents various types of deposits and marine fossil accumulations, such as paleochannels in the subbottom, sand-shell ridges and extensive layers with fossils in life position. These features are important geological indicators, because its analysis allows us to define different paleoenvironmental conditions that prevailed during the coastal evolutionary process.  相似文献   

A geostatistical re-interpretation of gravity surveys in the Yagoua,Cameroon region     

Philippe Njandjock Nouck  Chamberlin Kenfack  Ahmad Diab Diab  Kasi Njeudjang  Larissa Jorelle Meli’I  Rodrigue Kamseu 《Geofísica Internacional》2013,52(4):365-373

Since 1960, many gravity studies have been carried out in the Yagoua region of northern Cameroon. Gravity data was collected over a wide area of approximately 11628 km². These data are insufficient, irregular, scattered and do not efficiently permit gravity field downward and upward continuations, derivatives and other operations that might require regular gridded data. Some anomalies on the Collignon map (1968), may correlate with known geological structure but do not appear on maps by Louis (1970) and Poudjom et al. (1996). To produce regular gridded gravity data and better control anomalies due to geological structures, the kriging method was applied to a 188-data baseline. Several variogram models were tested for this purpose. It was found that a spherical variogram model is the best; it has produced a new kriging dataset of about 10,100 data and a new map of kriged Bouguer data. This map contains positive anomalies in the Maroua-Mindif and Maga areas on the Collignon (1968) map, which were not present on Louis (1970) and Poudjom et al. (1996) maps. The positive anomalies of Guibi-Doukoula and Yagoua, not separated on the Louis (1970) and Poudjom et al. (1996) maps, show up as clearly distinct as previewed by Collignon (1968). The new results can be used for subsequent gravimetric studies.  相似文献