Effects of brown fish meal replacement with fermented soybean meal on growth performance, feed efficiency and enzyme activities of Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis     

Yurong Zou  Qinghui Ai  Kangsen Mai  Wenbing Zhang  Yanjiao Zhang  Wei Xu 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2012,11(2):227-235

A 120-day feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of partial replacement of brown fish meal (BFM) by fermented soybean meal (FSBM) in diets of Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). The turtles (initial mean body weight, (115.52 ± 1.05) g) were fed with three experimental diets, in which 0%, 4.72% and 9.44% BFM protein was replaced by 0%, 3% and 6% FSBM, respectively. Results showed that the feeding rate (FR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) of turtles fed with the diet containing 3% FSBM were not significantly different from the control group (0% FSBM) (P > 0.05). However, FR, SGR and FER of turtles fed with the diet containing 6% FSBM were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the activities of serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and glutamicpyruvic transaminase among dietary treatments (P > 0.05). However, the uric acid concentration in turtles fed with the diet containing 3% or 6% FSBM was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the activities of lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase and total superoxide dismutase among dietary treatments (P > 0.05). The results suggested that FSBM could replace 4.72% BFM protein in turtle diets without exerting adverse effects on turtle growth, feed utilization and measured immune parameters.  相似文献   

甲烷水合物CO2置换开采研究现状与展望     

王小文  刘昌岭  李淑霞  孙建业 《海洋地质前沿》2013,(12):25-31

天然气水合物广泛存在于海底沉积物和大陆永冻区,是一种潜在的能源资源。CO2置换法开采天然气水合物,不仅可以从水合物藏中开采出天然气,还能够使空气中的CO2以水合物的形式长期埋存于地下。本文从可行性、微观机理及影响因素等方面,总结了甲烷水合物CO2置换法开采的研究现状,论述了目前研究中存在的问题及不足,并对以后的研究工作提出了一些展望和建议。  相似文献   

Community replacement sequences and paleoenvironmental changes in reef areas of South China from Late Permian to Early Triassic exemplified by Panlongdong section in northeastern Sichuan Basin     

LIU LiJing  JIANG HongXia  WU YaSheng  CAI ChunFang 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(5):1093-1108

The well-known Permian Changhsingian calcisponge reef located at Panlongdong section,Xuanhan county,northeastern Sichuan Basin has attracted wide attention.Due to severe dolomitization and poor quality of the fossils,the P-T boundary in this section is difficult to determine.This study,for the first time,recognized six communities in the Upper Permian Changhsingian Changxing Formation through the Lower Triassic Induan Feixianguan Formation of the Panlongdong section.They are Bryozoan-Archaeolithoporella-calcisponge Community,Calcareous green algae-foraminifer-crinoid Community,Microgastropod-foraminifer Community,Ostracod-microgastropod-cystic microbe Community,Ostracod-small brachiopod Community,and Non-calcified cyanobacteria Community.By using community replacement and palaeoenvironmental analysis,for the first time,we set the P-T boundary of the Panlongdong section at the middle of the calcimicrobialite containing cystic microbes.The community replacement sequence in the Panlongdong section is similar to that in other contemporaneous sections in reef areas of South China,indicating universal palaeoenvironmental changes during the Permian-Triassic transition.The results show that:(1)Changhsingian calcisponge reefs in South China generally vanished before the mass extinction and may be related to the large regression in the Late Permian.(2)The Calcareous green algae-foraminifer-crinoid Community replaced reef community and continued till the mass extinction.The mass extinction was probably related to the global sea-level drop.(3)The first aftermath community was dominated by specialized microgastropods,followed by the microbes,and then by the specialized microgastropods and small brachiopods.The succession of the three communities reflected the change in environmental conditions from dysoxic to anoxic and again to dysoxic.(4)In the Early Triassic,the relict community in shallow sea had very low diversity and low abundance,and was dominated by crinoids,gastropods,and bivalves.  相似文献   

复杂地质条件下多结构面对重力坝坝基稳定性的影响及处理   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李美蓉  陈媛  张林  杨宝全 《岩土力学》2014,35(Z1):328-333

武都重力坝坝基地质条件复杂,发育有断层、层间错动带等多种不利地质构造,且结构面相互交错组合形成多条潜在滑移面,坝基深层抗滑稳定问题突出。为了研究多结构面对坝基深层抗滑稳定的影响及加固处理,结合武都重力坝19#坝段,建立了三维数值模型进行有限元分析。首先,对坝基中各软弱结构面的力学参数进行敏感性分析,研究影响坝基稳定的主要因素,揭示了坝踵处倾向下游的10f2、F31断层对坝基抗滑稳定影响较大,应进行重点加固处理。在该基础上,在断层10f2、F31拟定不同深度的混凝土置换,对断层置换混凝土的深度进行敏感性分析,得出不同置换深度下坝基的超载稳定安全系数。结果表明,断层10f2、F31的置换深约19 m时可以达到良好的加固效果,位移和应力值得到良好的改善,坝基塑性区域明显减小,抗滑稳定安全系数得到明显提高,并满足设计规范要求。研究成果对武都重力坝工程的加固处理提供了重要的科学依据,对类似工程的稳定分析与加固处理具有参考价值。  相似文献   

车辆碾压对沙质草原表土物理力学性质的影响     

殷玲  张德平  成永会  赵家明  靳立宁  海军  巴日斯  祁晓燕  屈建新 《中国沙漠》2015,35(5):1177-1182

通过野外现场调查、载荷试验、轻型圆锥动力触探、车辆碾压原状草地观测试验及室内试验方法,对呼伦贝尔沙质草原不同碾压程度表层沙土物理力学性质及变形和剪切破坏特征进行研究。结果表明:碾压使上软下硬高压缩性的原状表层沙土因应力集中产生振动密实沉降、塑性变形,直接破坏表土层原状结构。碾压程度越大,沙土密实度越高、抗剪强度越大、承载力越高。碾压形成上硬下软土层,因强度不足发生整体剪切破坏,塑性变形区的沙土在重复荷载作用下产生振动蠕变及砂土液化,使土层强度、稳定性显著降低。车辆碾压可直接或间接破坏沙质草原表层沙土,加剧土层破口形成及扩大,加速草原沙漠化。  相似文献   

西秦岭中、晚二叠世生物群更替事件   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

曾学鲁  高金汉 《地质学报》2005,79(2):145-149

西秦岭地区中、晚二叠世的生物,在其发展过程中经历了一次动物群的更替事件,表现为中二叠世茅口晚期迭山组底部开始的竺蜓类化石的突然锐减或消失及腕足动物的大量繁盛。茅口中期的热让沟组上部,有Afghanella及丰富的Parafusulina,Chusenella等竺蜓类化石。但上覆的迭山组底部开始,仅有少量Parafusulina,Chusenella及Schwagerina等断续出现。而同时交替出现了以Urushtenia,N eoplicatifera为代表的小型腕足动物群及小型单体四射珊瑚。这一动物群的更替事件受到当时沉积环境变迁和区域构造活动的制约。迭山组底部的沉积环境由开阔台地的浅水环境转入半局限台地较深水滞流环境,导致了竺蜓类的消失和小型腕足动物的兴起。这种沉积相的变化与动物群的更替在层位上是完全吻合的。研究区处于西秦岭晚海西裂陷带两侧的碳酸盐台地或台地边缘,其生物群的更替和沉积相的变化必然受到区域上裂陷活动的影响。根据本区生物地层的研究,可以更为确切地认为,本区二叠纪裂陷活动的时间始于中二叠世茅口期Afghanella schencki时的后期(或N eoschwagerina时的后期) ;约终于晚二叠世长兴期Palaeofusulina时之前。  相似文献   

中国北方干旱半干旱区表土的有机质碳同位素、磁化率与年降水量的关系   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王丽霞  汪卫国  李心清  郭兰兰 《干旱区地理》2005,28(3):311-315

古土壤和湖泊中的有机质碳同位素与磁化率指标被广泛应用于古气候的重建。但由于各地自然条件的差异,其气候意义具有一定的区域性。通过对中国秦岭到内蒙古北部的中蒙边境(34°N～43°N)连续剖面上的102个采样点的表层土壤样品的有机质碳同位素和磁化率进行测定,并搜集了该区域部分站点的降水资料。研究表明有机质碳同位素波动在-22‰～-30‰之间,其碳同位素值与降水量存在显著的线性负相关关系。磁化率与年均降水量也存在显著的函数关系,总体上磁化率随着年降水量的增加而增加。研究进一步证明,在中国干旱和半干旱区,表土中的有机质碳同位素δ13C和磁化率对年降水量具有显著的指示作用,因此可以用古土壤中的有机质碳同位素和磁化率作为代用指标,来反映古降水的变化。  相似文献   

Dynamic Compaction of Ultra-High Energy in Combination with Ground Replacement in Coastal Reclamation Areas     

Shi-Jin Feng  Ke Tan  Wei-Hou Shui 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(2):109-121

This paper presents a case study of dynamic compaction (DC) on backfill ground for planned oil tanks located at Nanjing Bay. The ultra-high energy DC level of 18,000 kN · m was applied in the area tamping phase of the dynamic compaction. In combination with ground replacement technique by forcing crushed stones into the underlain cohesive layer, the high-compressibility of this layer was properly tackled. The construction techniques and ground improvement mechanisms are introduced and discussed. Field evaluations before and after the dynamic compaction, including surface wave test, plate load test, and soil sampling, showed that the ultra-high energy dynamic compaction in combination with ground replacement achieved much greater improvement depth and ground bearing capacity than conventional DC. Results show that dynamic compaction of 18,000 kN · m combined with ground replacement is of great merit in dealing with backfill ground with weak cohesive content in harbor development.  相似文献   

Granitization and magmatic replacement in the contact aureole of the Yurchik gabbronorite massif (Ganal Ridge, Kamchatka)     

I. A. Tararin  V. M. Chubarov 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2009,3(1):40-63

It is shown that formation of high-temperature granulite-like rocks in the contact aureole of the Yurchik gabbronorite intrusion of the Ganal Ridge in East Kamchatka was caused by contact metamorphism, metasomatism, and local melting of the primary sedimentary-volcanogenic rocks of the Vakhtalkinskaya Sequence of the Ganal Group. The temperature in the inner part of the aureole reached 700–800°C and caused transformation of basic rocks into two-pyroxene-plagioclase, clinopyroxene-amphibole-plagioclase, and amphibole-plagioclase rocks, while sedimentary rocks were replaced by garnet-biotite and garnet-cordierite-biotite hornfelses. Locally, basic volcanic hornfelses were subjected to metasomatic alteration with the formation of bodies of biotite-orthopyroxene-plagioclase metasomatites. In the zones of the most intense fluid filtration, the metasomatites experienced local magmatic replacement resulting in the formation of biotite-orthopyroxene-plagioclase ± garnet migmatite veinlets and patches. Bodies of garnet enderbites were formed after sedimentary interlayers at temperatures of 700–800°C and a lithostatic pressure of 3.2–4.8 kbar. The comparison of the chemical composition of the Vakhtalkinskaya basic volcanics and the products of their transformation indicates that, in terms of chemistry, the metasomatic alterations and magmatic replacement correspond to siliceous-alkaline metasomatism (granitization) causing a subsequent and uneven influx of Si, Al, Na, K, Rb, Ba, Zr, Nb, and Cl and removal of Fe, Mg, Mn, Ca, and some trace elements (Cr, Co, Ti, Y, and S). The processes of metamorphism and metasomatism were presumably provoked by highly mineralized mantle fluids that were filtered through magmatic channels that served as pathways for gabbroid magma.  相似文献   

藏北羌塘中部晚古生代增生杂岩的发现及其地质意义   总被引：14，自引：3，他引：11  

王根厚  韩芳林  杨运军  李元庆  崔江利 《地质通报》2009,28(9):1181-1187

西藏中部羌塘变质岩带发育复理石碎屑建造和片理化玄武岩建造,都经历了强烈的构造置换作用;还发育早—晚古生代大理岩岩片、无根勾状褶皱和大理岩与蓝片岩组成的同斜褶皱,不同时代的榴辉岩呈岩块出露。这些地质体呈岩片产出,经历了多期构造叠加和置换,原岩总体为碎屑岩、泥质岩、硅质岩、碳酸盐岩及枕状玄武岩、辉长岩建造。宏观上发育明显的区域性置换面理,为典型的造山带增生杂岩。  相似文献