基于统一高度Cressman方法的地面2m气温客观分析          下载免费PDF全文

朱文刚  李昌义  车军辉 《山东气象》2021,41(2):138-148

针对离散站点资料格点化的业务需求及 Cressman 方法在地形复杂区域客观分析存在的问 题,利用山东及周边省自动气象站观测的 2 m气温和 ECMWF预报的海上 2 m气温,结合山东省中尺度数值预报位温递减率、90 m分辨率 SRTM高程数据,采用统一高度 Cressman 方法对山东省地面2 m气温进行客观分析,生成了逐 1 h、0.01°×0.01°高分辨率的地面 2 m气温格点产品。结果表明,统一高度 Cressman 方法的客观分析格点产品在地形复杂区域的分析更合理,月平均误差基本在±1 ℃以内,鲁中山区地形高度较高区域月平均误差略大于鲁西北、鲁西南、鲁东南和山东半岛等地的平原地区,气温偏低的10、11、12月温度准确率均略低于 5、6、7、8、9 月;2020 年 5—12 月平均误差为－0.0039 ℃,平均绝对误差为 0.1469 ℃,均方根误差为 0.3597 ℃,2 ℃以内准确率为 99.64%,1 ℃以内准确率为 98.24%,各项检验指标均较优。总体上统一高度 Cressman 客观分析格点产品质量接近中国气象局陆面数据同化系统（ HRCLDAS ）高分辨率格点实况产品。  相似文献   

关于《测量平差基础》教学的若干思考     

陈本富 《北京测绘》2007,(1):60-62,50

结合《测量平差基础》教学体验,总结了学生感觉学习难度较大的主要方面,并针对学生学习过程中暴露出的问题,提出了加强基本概念、理论的教学等相应解决办法。指出加强相关知识间的综合联系,突出基本概念、基础理论的认识与领会,是提高教学效果的有效手段。  相似文献   

山东省牛庄洼陷古近系沙河街组沙三中亚段储集层成岩作用研究   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12  

漆滨汶  林春明  邱桂强  李艳丽  刘惠民  高永进  茅永强 《沉积学报》2007,25(1):99-109

山东省牛庄洼陷古近系沙河街组沙三中亚段储集层岩石类型以长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩为主,岩石结构成熟度和成分成熟度均较低。砂岩成岩作用包括压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用、溶解作用等。压实作用主要有刚性颗粒发生脆性破裂、颗粒之间呈线接触和凹凸接触、岩石碎屑颗粒呈明显的定向排列、塑性颗粒挤压变形或刚性颗粒嵌入变形颗粒中、粘土质碎屑被挤压变形发生假杂基化等五种表现形式。胶结物主要有泥质胶结物、碳酸盐胶结物、自生粘土矿物和自生石英、长石。交代作用主要有石英交代长石颗粒、碳酸盐胶结物交代石英、长石及岩屑颗粒、碳酸盐胶结物之间的相互交代。发生溶解作用的主要是石英、长石和岩屑颗粒,胶结物中主要是碳酸盐矿物。目前研究区沙三中亚段储集层成岩演化处于晚成岩A期。影响成岩作用的主要因素为岩石成分、沉积环境、孔隙流体性质等。成岩作用对储集物性的影响主要表现在孔隙度和渗透率的变化,其中压实作用和胶结作用使储层原生孔隙迅速减少、渗透率降低,使得储集物性变差;而溶解作用是次生孔隙发育的主要因素,从而改善砂岩的储集性能。  相似文献   

Production of Pacific White Shrimp Polycultured with Swimming Crab at Different Densities,and Nutrient Budget in the Enclosure System     

ZHOU Yangen  BAO Weiyang  SU Yuepeng  HUANG Ming  WANG Xingqiang  YAN Binlun  MA Shen 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2022,21(1):171-178

This study was to evaluate the effect of stocking densities on the nitrogen and phosphorus budgets for a polyculture of the crab Portunus trituberculatus and the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.The shrimps(initial weight,0.012 g)were cultured at a density of 45 shrimp m^-2,and juvenile crabs(initial weight,0.024 g)were cultured at five densities of 0,3,6,9,and 12 crabs m^-2.The treatments were grouped as C0S45,C3S45,C6S45,C9S45,and C12S45,respectively.Water quality parameters,growth of shrimp and crabs,and nitrogen and phosphorus budget were measured.The results indicated that the shrimp performances in polyculture treatments C3S45 and C6S45 were superior to those in the crab-free treatment(C0S45).The crab in treatments C3S45 and C6S45 exhibited a significantly higher final mean weight and carapace width/length than those in treatments C9S45 and C12S45.The final size and survival of crabs had a negative correlation with the increasing crab stocking density.The contents of total phos-phorus and total nitrogen and the comprehensive contamination index values were higher in the C9S45 and C12S45 treatments than in the other treatments.The conversion ratios of nitrogen for crab and shrimp growth in treatment C3S45 were significantly higher than those in the crab-free treatment.These findings indicate that polyculturing shrimp with crabs at suitable densities can improve productivity,profitability,nutrient utilization,and the environmental quality.From the 60-day treatments,the optimal culture densi-ties were 3-6 crabs m^-2 and 45 shrimps m^-2.  相似文献   

城市化对上海的增温效应   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

葛向东  赵咏梅 《云南地理环境研究》1999,11(1):44-50

上海城市热岛效应很强, 并对气温增暖产生影响。利用主成份分析法从上海及其从近到远的４ 个郊县的２９ 年月平均温度资料中,提炼出影响上海气温变暖的两个主要因子：城市化影响和区域气候变化, 并从而推算出２９ 年来城市化使上海年平均温度增加约０．２０℃, 若排除郊区城镇化因子的影响后, 该值将更高一些。  相似文献   

秦皇岛市洋河、戴河滨海平原海水入侵的控制与治理   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

韩再生 《现代地质》1990,4(2):105-115

秦皇岛市洋河,戴河冲洪积平原,近20年来抽取地下水量迅速增加,80年代初形成了低于海平面的降落漏斗,造成海水从海岸线向内陆和从河流下游河床向两侧同时侵入孔隙含水层。由于水质恶化,北戴河区水源地面临报废的危险。为了保护和开发淡水资源,控制海水入侵,必须对地下水的水质和水量进行综合评价。采用水动力弥散型地下水水质模型来描述滨海含水层中海水和淡水的运动,把氯离子作为水质模型的变量。在水量模型中采用孔隙压力代替水头作为变量。数学模型用有限单元法求解。模拟面积约180km²,剖分为321个单元,184个结点。作为水文地质实体的模型,它被用来模拟和预报不同降水量年份的地下水水位和水质。计算结果表明,如果保持目前的地下水开采量,海水入侵还会深入。为了控制和治理海水入侵,本文探讨了可行措施。根据数学模型模拟的结果,在洋河下游人海口修建防潮闸,同时加强滨海含水层的管理,具有较好的经济效益和环境效益。  相似文献   

海洋监视工作效益和工作质量评价方法探讨     

张士三  陈劲毅 《台湾海峡》1998,17(3):337-341

海洋监视工作的效益和工作质量评价是海洋行政执法管理中对其工作结果进行检查和自检的一种方法。本文根据海洋监视可控度,海上管理目标实现情况及效益判断事项,分别建立了工作效益和工作质量评价的数学公式。该公式表明,效益指数ＶＳ与海洋监视可控度Ｋ呈正比,与权益怀事项数、性事项数及公益性事项数之和也呈正比。工作质量指数ＶＺ与海洋监视可控度Ｋ呈正比,而与对压Ｋ的违法事件发生率、环境质量参数、海洋资源非合理开发项  相似文献   

Multiple Discriminant Analysis of Marine Sediment Data   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

P. K. S. Shin  K. Y. S. Fong 《Marine pollution bulletin》1999,39(1-12):285-294

A multivariate statistical approach was used in the analysis of inter-relationships among marine benthic infaunal structure, physical and chemical characteristics of sediment samples and toxicity data derived from laboratory tests at 16 locations in shallow, inshore waters of Hong Kong. The method involved classification (cluster analysis using the Bray–Curtis similarity index) and ordination (multi-dimensional scaling) of infaunal patterns and the use of multiple discriminant analysis to relate groupings of the locations to the selected environmental and toxicity data. Analysis of the combined sediment physical, biological, chemical and toxicity dataset by stepwise multiple discriminant analysis allowed identification of those variables most sensitive for discriminating location groups. The use of multiple discriminant analysis in sediment quality characterization was evaluated against the Sediment Quality Triad approach and other statistical techniques.  相似文献   

Eutrophication Dynamics of Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Joseph H. W. Lee  Feleke Arega 《Marine pollution bulletin》1999,39(1-12):187-192

The time and spatial variation of water quality in Tolo Harbour, a eutrophic landlocked semi-enclosed bay frequented by algal blooms, is studied using a dynamic eutrophication model. Hourly changes of tide levels and currents are computed by a link-node model assuming M₂ tidal forcing. Phytoplankton growth is assumed to be limited by solar radiation, nitrogen and temperature. The model incorporates light acclimation by algae, self-shading, photosynthetic production, nutrient uptake, and a dynamic determination of the carbon to chlorophyll ratio. In particular, sediment-water-pollutant interactions are modelled via an anaerobic benthic layer segment. Using recorded pollution loads and environmental forcing as input, the model predictions of daily-averaged water quality are compared with the extensive water quality monitoring data of the Environmental Protection Department (EPD). The predicted spatial distribution and trends of algal biomass, inorganic nitrogen, dissolved oxygen (DO), as well as sediment oxygen demand (SOD), are in general agreement with field observations.  相似文献   

Application of Numerical Models in Marine Pollution Research in China   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

SU Jilan  Dong Lixian 《Marine pollution bulletin》1999,39(1-12):73-79

Like many countries in the world, China is also facing serious problems of marine pollution in the coastal zone. The prevailing concern is eutrophication of the coastal water due to river inputs and, in some bays, also due to the over-expansion of aquaculture. As part of the marine pollution research activities in China, applications of mathematical models are also widely used, both to understand the present and to project the future. In this paper, selected Chinese works are reviewed, especially with respect to the effort in reducing the errors introduced in the numerical treatment of the water quality equation.  相似文献