巨石、中粗砂填海区风动潜孔锤引孔钻进工艺应用的研究     

王平  彭晓阳等 《地质与勘探》2002,38(5):74-77,85

通过成功地解决深圳市好湾电厂（二期）基础工程H型桩沉入困难问题，使用各种风动潜孔锤在巨石、中粗砂填海区进行了引孔钻进工艺的试验研究及应用，对风动潜孔锤钻进工艺及其机具的使用作了进一步的分析研究，提出了风动潜孔锤使用过程中工艺方面的改进措施。  相似文献   

Riparian alder fens — source or sink for nutrients and dissolved organic carbon? — 2. Major sources and sinks     

Lilian B. Busse  Günter Gunkel 《Limnologica》2002,32(1)

Natural riparian forest wetlands are known to be effective in their ability to remove nitrate by denitrification and sediments with attached phosphorus via sedimentation. On the other hand, litter input and decomposition is a process of crucial importance in cycling of nitrogen and phosphorus in a forest ecosystem.In this study we investigated the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus entering the alder fen ecosystem through leaf litter and its decomposition and the removal capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus by measuring denitrification and sedimentation in the alder fen.We found an average input of leaf litter during fall 1998 of 226 g m⁻² yr⁻¹ DW with nutrient concentration of 0.17% P and 1.6% N. This means a yearly input of 0.4 g m⁻² yr⁻¹ P and 3.6 g m⁻² yr⁻¹ N. The decomposition of leaf litter using litter bags with small and large mesh size resulted in bags with macroinvertebrates (large mesh size) and without macroinvertebrates (small mesh size). After 57 days the litter bags with macroinvertebrates had a decomposition rate of 79%.Denitrification was measured in May and June of 1997 using the acetylene inhibition technique on intact soil cores and slurry-experiments. The average annual denitrification rate was 0.2 g m⁻² yr⁻¹ N using data from the core experiments. The denitrification rate was higher after addition of nitrate, indicating that denitrification in the riparian alder fen is mainly controlled by nitrate supply.The sedimentation rate in the investigated alder fen ranged from 0.47 kg m⁻² yr⁻¹ DW to 4.46 kg m⁻² yr⁻¹ DW in 1998 depending on the study site and method we used. Sedimentation rates were lower in newly designed plate traps than in cylinder traps. The alder fen also showed lower rates than the adjacent creek Briese. Average phosphorus removal rate was 0.33 g m⁻² yr⁻¹ P.Input sources for the surface water of the alder fen are sediment mineralization and decomposition of leaf litter; output sources are sedimentation and denitrification. This study showed that a nutrient input of 24.58 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ N, 8.8 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ P and 419 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ DOC into the surface water of the alder fen is possible. Alder fens cannot improve water quality of an adjacent river system. This is only true for a nearly pristine alder fen with the hydrology of 10 months flooded conditions and 2 months non-flooding conditions a year.  相似文献   

双台河口自然保护区濒海湿地景观变化及其管理对策研究   总被引：13，自引：5，他引：13  

张明祥  董瑜 《地理科学》2002,22(1):119-122

从国内外湿地研究进展看，濒海湿地景观变化及其管理对策研究得到人们越来越广泛的重视。以辽宁双台河自然保护区为研究区域，利用1994和1997年两期TM数据进行GIS数据处理，通过各种类型的湿地景观在该时段的面积变化得到保护区濒海湿地景观的动态变化特征，并在变化原因分析的基础上提出了一些相应的保护区管理对策，以便更好地为湿地保护和管理提供决策依据。  相似文献   

湿地旅游可持续发展研究   总被引：28，自引：0，他引：28  

鲁铭  龚胜生 《世界地理研究》2002,11(2):72-79

湿地以其独具特色的自然和文化景观为湿地旅游提供了有利条件。本文在可持续发展思想的基础上提出了湿地旅游这一概念，分析了湿地旅游发展与湿地环境保护之间的关系；针对湿地生物多样性、景观多样性、文化多样性等特点对湿地的旅游价值作了进一步的探讨，提出了湿地旅游可持续发展的几点对策。  相似文献   

Total N,total P and organic matters content in floodplain soils of Xianghai Nature Reserve     

Deng Wei  Zhai Jin-liang  He Yan 《地理学报(英文版)》2002,12(1):58-64

Soil sediment samples of 10 layers with a spacing of 10 cm each were collected in different floodplain zones adjacent to Huolin River in the Xianghai Nature Reserve, and contents of total N, total P and organic matters were analyzed. The results showed that contents of total N, total P and organic matters were generally decreasing with the increase of distance from sample locations to the river channel, and contents of the three items were generally higher in the upper soil layer than that in the lower soil layer. The content variations displayed how flooding functions influenced nutrient matter content variations in floodplain soils since the flood inundation frequencies of the sample locations varied. The correlation analysis displayed that there were remarkable relativities between total N, total P and organic matters within definite spatial distance from the Huolin River channel.  相似文献   

Wetland vegetation biomass estimation and mapping from Landsat ETM data:a case study of Poyang Lake     

LI Ren-dong  LIU Ji-yuan 《地理学报》2002,12(1):35-41

Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China. This paper conducted a digital and rapid investigation of the lake’s wetland vegetation biomass using Landsat ETM data acquired on April 16, 2000. First, utilizing the false color composite derived from the ETM data as one of the main references, the authors designed a reasonable sampling route for field measurement of the biomass, and carried it out on April 18-28, 2000. Then after both the sampling data and the ETM data were geometrically corrected to an equal-area projection of Albers, linear relationships among the sampling data and some transformed data derived from the ETM data and the ETM 4 were calculated. The results show that the sampling data is best relative to the band 4 data with a high correlation coefficient of 0.86, followed by the DVI and NDVI data with 0.83 and 0.80 respectively. Therefore, a linear regression model, which was based on the field data and band 4 data, was used to estimate the total biomass of entire Poyang Lake, and then the map of the biomass distribution was compiled.  相似文献   

川西北高原若尔盖草地沙化及湿地萎缩动态遥感监测   总被引：61，自引：2，他引：61  

雍国玮  石承苍  邱鹏飞 《山地学报》2003,21(6):758-762

应用卫星遥感资料(MSS、TM及spot)对川西北高原若尔盖草地沙化及湿地萎缩的动态监测发现，自1966年至2000年的34年间，草地沙化面积增加307．7％，达到36760．9hm^2，占区域总面积的7．25％，平均每年扩大草地沙化面积816．0hm^2，年均递增率达4．22％。到2000年止，区域内有沙地5083．9hm^2，沙化草地31677．0hm^2。自1985～2000年的15a间，区内17个湖泊面积缩小842．0hm^2，减幅达38．9％，平均每年减少56．1hm^2，年均递减速度达3．34％，该区目前其余11个湖泊总面积仅为1323．1hm^2，只有15年前的61．1％。  相似文献   

盐碱化湿地稻-鱼复合生态系统微生物特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨富亿  李秀军  王志春  赵春生  朱世成 《湿地科学》2003,1(2):105-110

为揭示盐碱化湿地稻-鱼复合生态系统微生物群落结构特征,1994-1995年,对松嫩平原苏打盐碱化湿地稻-鱼复合生态系统水体与土壤中的微生物数量及种群组成进行了初步研究。结果表明,稻-鱼湿地水体中异养细菌数量显著高于稻田湿地(P<0.05),季节变化特点为秋季>夏季>春季。异养细菌的数量分布与鱼产量有显著相关关系(r=0.879)。稻-鱼湿地系统的土壤微生物数量明显高于稻田湿地(P<0.01)。稻-鱼湿地和稻田湿地分别检测出10个和11个属的异养细菌。稻-鱼湿地系统1个生长期细菌的平均生物量为0.973g/m3,生产量为307.5 kg/hm2,所提供的鱼产力为7.0 kg/hm2。  相似文献   

松嫩平原内陆盐碱湿地的类型特征及分布规律   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

万忠娟  于少鹏  王海霞  孙广友 《湿地科学》2003,1(2):141-146

内陆盐碱湿地是湿地的重要组成部分,其类型、特征及分布规律的研究十分薄弱。松嫩平原是世界上内陆盐碱湿地发育的典型地区之一。本文参考国内外湿地分类标准,结合松嫩平原的特点,建立了内陆盐碱湿地的分类体系,将该区的盐碱湿地划分为2个湿地类,6个湿地型,13个湿地亚型,描述了各类型的主要特征,并阐述了松嫩平原内陆盐碱湿地的分布规律。这对我国的湿地分类系统是一个重要的补充,对进一步实施内陆盐碱湿地的保护、恢复和重建,促进松嫩平原社会经济和环境的可持续发展都具有重要意义。  相似文献   

多氯联苯湿地生物降解规律预测及污染风险分析   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

刘凌  陆桂华 《水科学进展》2003,14(1):79-84

建立了一个数学模型来预测多氯联苯湿地生物降解过程。该模型全面考虑了多氯联苯湿地生物降解的各子过程,包括:吸附/解吸、土壤屏蔽、扩散和生物降解,利用模型,预测了多氯联苯湿地生物降解的规律性及处理时间、处理终点;利用Monte-Carlo法,进行了多氯联苯湿地生物降解污染风险分析,结果表明,在采用基地现有处理方式的情况下,经过8年处理,土壤中4-Cl-PCBs不低于69.4%被降解的可能性为75%,此时土壤中能够继续污染外部环境的4-Cl-PCBs部分不超过10.9%的可能性为75%;土壤中4-Cl-PCBs全部生物降解完毕所需处理时间不超过16.20年的可能性为75%,最后被土壤不可逆屏蔽的残余物不超过20.9%的可能性为75%。  相似文献