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11.
利用西宁、刚察、格尔木、玉树和玛沁5站的1971-2014年逐日总辐射资料和青海省50个气象台站的温度、降水和日照时数等气象资料,分析了太阳辐射量与气象要素的内在关系,建立了无辐射观测资料地区的太阳辐射推算方法,并根据推算出的各气象站点太阳辐射量,分析了青海省全境太阳辐射量变化规律及分布特征。研究结果表明：青海省年太阳总辐射量在5 668~7 091 MJ·m-2之间,由西北向东南逐渐递减,全省年太阳总辐射量超过6 000 MJ·m-2的有42个站点,占全省总站点的84%。太阳总辐射量在春、夏季自东南向西北部逐渐增加,在秋季自西北向东南部逐渐减小,冬季全省各地差异较小。青海省4-8月的太阳辐射量最强,旬太阳辐射量主要集中在3月上旬-10月上旬,周太阳辐射量主要集中在第12周-第43周。青海省太阳日辐射变化趋势均呈抛物线型,早晨和傍晚辐射值较低,日出后开始呈上升趋势,北京时间13：00左右达到最高值后开始下降。日辐射持续时间从3月开始增加,9月开始减少。 相似文献
12.
Large numbers of rotifer eggs from sediment resting egg banks may hatch simultaneously under appropriate conditions;therefore,natural populations are likely to be multiclonal in a growing season.A recent field investigation showed that subordinate and ephemeral clones were able to establish populations in an environment with several strongly dominant clone populations.However,it was not clear how the subordinate populations maintained their growth under these conditions where the crowding signal would induce high levels of sexual reproduction in the dominant clone populations.In the present study,we conducted a continuous passage to 60 generations for new populations at three different temperatures(15°C,25°C,and 35°C).These populations emerged from resting eggs produced by a clone population.At the first,30th,and 60th generations,the populations were sampled and fitness was assayed using the life-table method.We found a significant short-term fitness advantage for populations newly emerged from resting eggs produced by a clone population of the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus,followed by a significant decrease in relative fitness with long-term continuous passage.Our results suggested that the early shortterm fitness advantage was important for later-hatched and subordinate clone populations in an environment with multiple sympatric clones.The early short-term fitness might also promote the coexistence of sympatric clones because it could help to offset the cost of early sexual reproduction. 相似文献
13.
Artificial seedling production of Sargassum thunbergii is an effective way to relieve pressure on natural resources. In order to improve the utilization of zygotes and reduce the loss of seedlings, studies on the characteristic of the zygotes release, the development of rhizoids, the attachment of germlings, and the influence of jet washing were conducted. Results show that the percent of zygotes released was increased with time in the first 60 h. The capacity of germlings attached to the substratum was significantly increased, especially coincident with the time of the new rhizoids emerged and elongated. The detachment rate of germlings significantly decreased with the delay of starting time of jet washing or the reduction of jet washing velocity. However, the jet washing at any level applied in the experiment could cause considerable loss of germlings within the 20 days after the attachment. Our study provided some parameters to optimize the operation in the early stage of seedling production. 相似文献
14.
We conducted a phenological evaluation of Sargassum thunbergii, a common algal species, along the coast of Lidao Bay, Rongcheng, China. The local S. thunbergii population entered a maturation period from early June to mid-August, when seawater temperature was 14.4 to 25.1°C. Our results suggest an increase in temperature and day length during this period initiated thalli maturation. Inhabitants of the low tidal zone had higher thalli length and biomass compared with those from the mid-and high tidal zones. We observed a switch in the length frequency distribution and contribution of length classes to biomass between the small (<20 cm) and long (20–79.9 cm) length classes at the time of thallus maturity. This suggests there is a trade-offbetween sexual reproduction and vegetative regeneration. 相似文献
15.
８０年代初出现的光线跟踪算法可以精确地生成高度真实感图像,但是它繁杂的求交运算限制了它在复杂数据领域中的应用,尤其是在具有随机特性的地理数据中的应用。 相似文献
16.
乳山湾外低氧海域沉积物中有机碳、氮、磷及其形态特征分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据2009年8月在乳山湾及其毗邻海域的综合调查,分析了该海域表层沉积物中有机碳、氮、磷含量及其组成形态的变化,初步探讨了影响底质理化参数变化的原因及对乳山湾外近岸底层低氧形成的影响.结果表明,乳山湾外近海为粉砂质岸滩,以细颗粒为主;底质中有机碳含量介于0.49％ ～0.93％,平均值为0.69％;总氮含量介于382～1020 mg/kg,平均值为671 mg/kg;可溶性总氮含量介于23.0 ～ 60.0 mg/kg,平均值为44.0mg/kg,其中可溶性有机氮和氨氮分别占可溶性总氮的58.8％和38.8％;总磷含量介于138～769 mg/kg,平均值为356 mg/kg,有机磷是占有绝对优势的磷形态(62.5％).研究区域沉积物中总氮和湾内相当,有机碳、总磷含量普遍低于乳山湾内,但均明显高于南黄海区域,且呈还原性状态.调查区域内沉积物中相对较高的有机碳、氮、磷可能是在潮流作用下乳山湾与外海的物质交换所致,其耗氧过程是导致底层溶解氧亏损的重要原因,值得进一步关注. 相似文献
17.
资源环境承载力研究亟待突破承载阈值界定与关键参数率定的技术瓶颈，并建立一套标准化的定量评价关键技术。本研究基于“资源量?消费量”模型，通过调查与实验分析获取特定海区的初级生产力、浮游植物有机碳含量、鱼类营养级等关键参数值，采用营养动态模型和Tait沿岸海域能流模型来估算海洋生物资源总量，然后根据年人均水产品摄入量或年人均蛋白质摄入量来计算该海区海洋生物资源承载力的阈值。根据2016年对日照辖区海域的生态环境状况调查，该海域年平均初级生产力(以C计)为428.22 mg/(m2·d)，浮游植物年生产量为918.51万t，鱼类、虾蟹类和头足类的平均营养级分别为3.85、3.92和3.90，利用营养动态模型计算海域渔业资源(鱼类、虾蟹类和头足类)的年生产量为3.89万t；根据Tait沿岸海域能流模型计算日照10 m等深线以内浅海的除去壳重的贝类资源量为5.50万t。按照年人均水产品摄入量为21 kg，计算出日照辖区海域的海洋生物资源承载力总和为192.86万人；按照年人均摄入蛋白质量为30 kg，计算出日照辖区海域的海洋生物资源承载力总和为16.87万人。本文建立了一项具有广泛适用性的海洋生物资源承载力定量评价技术，对科学地开发利用海洋生物资源和建立陆海统筹的资源环境承载力的监测预警机制起到积极的促进作用。 相似文献
18.
在我国南北海区经常能观察到聚集的漂浮铜藻,为有效利用铜藻资源,设计了铜藻室内保存及海上越冬试验。结果显示,铜藻在室温3℃～15℃下藻的鲜重均有不同程度下降,80μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-2)强光比20μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-2)弱光保存铜藻效果好,低温比高温保存效果好,但低于5℃后的铜藻保存效果变差。在温度5℃～17℃左右时,海上筏养铜藻特定生长率随温度升高而升高,而且藻体健壮,在冬季海水温度降到℃以下时,铜藻基本停止生长,但是藻体仍保持较好的活力,因此漂浮铜藻可在黄海南部海上顺利越冬。 相似文献
19.
水资源紧缺问题制约砣矶岛社会经济发展。文章对砣矶岛水资源现状进行实地调研,主要包括地表水、地下水和海水淡化水的水量和水质;根据相关资料和发展规划,对砣矶岛水资源供需情况进行预测,得出2020年需水总量为48.33万m3,水资源缺口最高可达9.19万m3;通过总结目前岛上供水存在的问题,提出多水源分质供水的水资源优化配置方案,即增加9.19万m3/a的海水淡化工程以及污水处理和中水回用装置,生活用水采用地下水与淡化水的混合水,生产用水采用淡化水,生态用水采用地表水和回用水,同时建设水资源监视监测系统,提高水资源综合利用率。 相似文献
20.
高铁对生产性服务业的空间集散效应深受城市特征的影响。根据城市产业发展特征将城市分为二产主导型城市和三产主导型城市,借助双重差分模型探讨高铁对不同产业结构的城市生产性服务业及其细分行业的空间效应差异。结果表明,高铁对生产性服务业及细分行业的集散效应具有显著时滞性和异质性,城市产业结构对其效应产生了显著影响。① 基于生产性服务业整体的研究表明,在静态上,高铁促进二产主导型城市产业空间分散、三产主导型城市产业空间集聚;在动态上,高铁对二产主导型城市的生产性服务业空间集散具有先促进集聚后促进分散的特性,对三产主导型城市的产业效应始终表现为促进集聚。② 对于运输服务业、租赁与商服业而言,无论是静态效应还是动态效应,城市产业结构对其影响均较小,在静态上高铁促进二产主导型城市和三产主导型城市的产业在空间分散布局;在动态上高铁效应总体表现为“不显著-促进分散”的二阶段性。③ 对于金融服务业和研发设计业而言,高铁的静态效应在作用方向上具有一致性,均表现为促进产业集聚,其动态效应受到城市产业结构的影响表现出显著阶段性差异。④ 对于信息服务业而言,高铁对其空间集散的静态效应表现为对二产主导型城市的产业影响不显著,促进三产主导型城市的信息服务业在空间集聚,且其动态效应与静态效应相一致。 相似文献