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11.
气候模式中海洋数据同化对热带降水偏差的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文采用海洋卫星观测海表温度(SST)和海面高度异常(SLA)数据,对国家海洋局第一海洋研究所地球系统模式FIO-ESM(First Institute of Oceanography Earth System Model version 1.0)中海洋模式分量进行了集合调整卡尔曼滤波(EAKF)同化,对比分析了大气环流、湿度和云量对海洋数据同化的响应,探讨了海洋同化对热带降水模拟偏差的影响。结果表明:海洋数据同化能有效改善海表温度和上层海洋热含量的模拟,30°S~30°N纬度带内年平均SST的绝均差降低60%。同化后大气模式模拟的赤道两侧信风得到明显改善,上升气流在赤道以北热带地区增强而在赤道以南热带地区减弱,热带降水模拟的动力结构更为合理,水汽和云量分布也更切合实际。热带年平均降水的空间分布和强度在同化后均得到改善,赤道以南的纬向年平均降水峰值显著降低,降水偏差明显减小,同化后30°S~30°N纬度带内年平均降水绝均差降低35%。 相似文献
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由于海岛资料相对匮乏,对其气象条件的分析工作较为零散,对海岛气候分布特征尚缺乏清晰的认识。本文利用浙江及周边岛屿26个站点的观测资料,通过均值、标准差和相关系数等统计方法定量评估了NCEP/NCAR-Reanalysis 1(NCEP-1),ERA-Interim和JRA-55三种再分析气温数据在浙江周边海岛的可信度。结果表明:3种再分析数据均能够重现近地面气温的年循环特征,但再分析数据得到的冬季气温偏高,而在夏季,NCEP-1相对于其他2种再分析数据重构的气温显著偏低。从相关系数、标准偏差等多个统计指标来看,ERA-Interim再分析数据对浙江周边岛屿气温的再现能力较好。积温的分析结果表明,基于ERA-Interim计算的26个测站的平均积温和标准差分别为5 818和498℃,与实测5 728和324℃最为接近,JRA-55的平均积温偏差最大,NCEP-1标准差偏差最大。从26个测站积温的空间分布来看,基于ERA-Interim得到的积温空间分布基本上重现了浙江周边岛屿积温带受纬度和海陆分布影响的特征;JRA-55再分析数据次之,因三门健跳至岱山的部分海岛上积温比实测资料偏高,从而导致积温南北分布与实测不一致;而NCEP-1存在明显的偏差,在27°～28°N区积温偏低,在29°～30°N区积温却偏高,甚至超过了6 000℃,这使得根据NCEP-1得到的积温带南北分布与实测差别较大。整体而言,针对气温的分析研究,ERA-Interim再分析数据对浙江周边岛屿地区具有较好的适用性,可以作为地表温度的替代数据。 相似文献
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生油岩中的可溶有机质是石油汀机地球化学的主要研究对象。为此,首先要选用适宜的有机溶剂将其从岩石中抽提出来,以供进行各种测试鉴定之用。目前,人们所采用的有机溶剂种类是多种多样的,既育多种单一溶剂,也有各类混合溶剂。不同的有机溶剂具有不同的物理、化学性质,用于抽提岩石中可溶有机质时,其抽提效率 相似文献
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The sea surface temperature(SST) seasonal cycle in the eastern equatorial Pacific(EEP) plays an important role in the El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO) phenomenon. However, the reasonable simulation of SST seasonal cycle in the EEP is still a challenge for climate models. In this paper, we evaluated the performance of 17 CMIP6 climate models in simulating the seasonal cycle in the EEP and compared them with 43 CMIP5 climate models. In general, only CESM2 and SAM0-UNICON are able to successfully capture the annual mean SST characteristics,and the results showed that CMIP6 models have no fundamental improvement in the model annual mean bias.For the seasonal cycle, 14 out of 17 climate models are able to represent the major characteristics of the observed SST annual evolution. In spring, 12 models capture the 1–2 months leading the eastern equatorial Pacific region 1(EP1; 5°S–5°N, 110°–85°W) against the eastern equatorial Pacific region 2(EP2; 5°S–5°N, 140°–110°W). In autumn,only two models, GISS-E2-G and SAM0-UNICON, correctly show that the EP1 and EP2 SSTs vary in phase. For the CMIP6 MME SST simulation in EP1, both the cold bias along the equator in the warm phase and the warm bias in the cold phase lead to a weaker annual SST cycle in the CGCMs, which is similar to the CMIP5 results. However,both the seasonal cold bias and warm bias are considerably decreased for CMIP6, which leads the annual SST cycle to more closely reflect the observation. For the CMIP6 MME SST simulation in EP2, the amplitude is similar to the observed value due to the quasi-constant cold bias throughout the year, although the cold bias is clearly improved after August compared with CMIP5 models. Overall, although SAM0-UNICON successfully captured the seasonal cycle characteristics in the EEP and the improvement from CMIP5 to CMIP6 in simulating EEP SST is clear, the fundamental climate models simulated biases still exist. 相似文献
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The flexible global ocean-atmosphere-land system model, Grid-point Version 2: FGOALS-g2 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
李立娟 林鹏飞 俞永强 王斌 周天军 刘利 刘骥平 包庆 徐世明 黄文誉 夏坤 普业 董理 申思 刘屹岷 胡宁 刘咪咪 孙文奇 史湘军 郑伟鹏 吴波 宋米荣 刘海龙 张学洪 吴国雄 薛巍 黄小猛 杨广文 宋振亚 乔方利 《大气科学进展》2013,30(3):543-560
This study mainly introduces the development of the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model: Grid-point Version 2 (FGOALS-g2) and the preliminary evaluations of its performances based on results from the pre-industrial control run and four members of historical runs according to the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) experiment design. The results suggest that many obvious improvements have been achieved by the FGOALS-g2 compared with the previous version,FGOALS-g1, including its climatological mean states, climate variability, and 20th century surface temperature evolution. For example,FGOALS-g2 better simulates the frequency of tropical land precipitation, East Asian Monsoon precipitation and its seasonal cycle, MJO and ENSO, which are closely related to the updated cumulus parameterization scheme, as well as the alleviation of uncertainties in some key parameters in shallow and deep convection schemes, cloud fraction, cloud macro/microphysical processes and the boundary layer scheme in its atmospheric model. The annual cycle of sea surface temperature along the equator in the Pacific is significantly improved in the new version. The sea ice salinity simulation is one of the unique characteristics of FGOALS-g2, although it is somehow inconsistent with empirical observations in the Antarctic. 相似文献
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2020年冬季(2020年12月至2021年2月),赤道中东太平洋海表温度持续下降,形成了一次拉尼娜事件。2021年春季,海表温度回升,转为中性状态。最新观测发现,2021年秋季以来海表温度再次降低,冬季是否会再次形成拉尼娜事件,其对我国冬季的气候有何影响? 本文利用自然资源部第一海洋研究所发展的短期气候预测系统FIO-CPSv2.0,以2021年10月1日为起报时间,对冬季气候进行了预测。结果表明,赤道中东太平洋冷异常将在11月达到鼎盛,形成一次弱拉尼娜事件,2022年1月将转为中性状态。在连续2年出现拉尼娜现象的气候背景下,2021年11月,除青藏高原、西南地区、东南沿海及台湾气温偏高外,我国大部分地区气温将偏低。12月之后,我国北方气温偏高而南方气温偏低的概率较大。此外,降水预测结果显示,初冬,南方降水偏多,而华北、东北部分地区降水偏少。2022年1月南方降水将偏少,而华北和东北降水将偏多。不同集合之间降水预测结果存在较大差异,表明降水预测结果仍有较高不确定性。 相似文献
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海洋数值模式是精准海洋环境预报的核心手段。随着计算分辨率的不断提高,海洋数值模式对计算性能的要求也越来越高。为了提高模式计算性能,充分发挥现代计算机的特点,选取海洋环流模式NEMO开展了代码现代化优化方案在海洋环流模式中的应用研究。首先使用Intel性能分析工具对模式的计算性能进行了分析;随后,针对热点函数,开展了编译选项优化、标量串行代码优化、SIMD优化、内存带宽优化以及多进程扩展。结果显示:经过以上优化步骤,在不增加任何硬件成本的前提下,模式整体性能可提升31%,且在多进程下表现出了较好的负载均衡性。这表明,本研究采用的优化策略是一种切实可行的方法。在此基础上,进一步对代码现代化过程中出现的显著影响计算效率的问题,如大量指针的使用阻止矢量化、循环嵌套过多、内存带宽占用过高等,开展了分析和讨论,为未来模式的设计和改进提供了参考和建议。 相似文献
18.
热带海表温度(SST)模拟偏差是困扰海气耦合模式发展的经典问题之一,其原因仍不完全清晰。针对海气耦合模式CESM1(Community Earth System Model version 1)模拟的热带印度洋SST偏差,我设计了单独大气-陆面模式、单独海洋-海冰模式以及海气耦合模式等一系列数值实验。在此基础上,采用大气-陆面模式和海洋-海冰模式隐式(implicit)SST偏差的分析方法,诊断了CESM1模拟的热带印度洋SST偏差的来源,并分析了大气模式和海洋模式中影响热带印度洋上层海温模拟的主要因素。通过分析热带印度洋不同地区SST的模拟偏差来源,发现耦合模式CESM1中孟加拉湾SST模拟偏冷主要是由海洋-海冰模式中过强的垂直混合、平流作用等海洋动力偏差引起的。在阿拉伯海和赤道西印度洋,过多的潜热释放导致SST降低,大气-陆面模式模拟误差是这两个海域SST冷偏差的主要来源。对于赤道中印度洋,潜热通量偏差和垂直混合、平流作用等模拟误差共同影响上层海水温度,潜热释放偏少、海水垂直混合偏弱以及经向平流向南输送过多暖水使耦合模式模拟的赤道中印度洋SST出现暖偏差,而在赤道东印度洋,模拟的SST偏冷是由大气-陆面模式中短波辐射偏少和海洋-海冰模式中海水垂直混合过强引起的,潜热通量偏差影响较小。分析表明,耦合模式中海气相互作用只影响SST模拟偏差的大小,但不是引起SST偏差的根本原因。 相似文献
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20.
The Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land system model, Spectral Version 2: FGOALS-s2 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
包庆 林鹏飞 周天军 刘屹岷 俞永强 吴国雄 何编 何杰 李立娟 李剑东 李阳春 刘海龙 乔方利 宋振亚 王斌 王军 王鹏飞 王晓聪 王在志 吴波 吴统文 徐永福 于海洋 赵伟 郑伟鹏 周林炯 《大气科学进展》2013,30(3):561-576
The Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model, Spectral Version 2 (FGOALS-s2) was used to simulate realistic climates and to study anthropogenic influences on climate change. Specifically, the FGOALS-s2 was integrated with Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) to conduct coordinated experiments that will provide valuable scientific information to climate research communities. The performances of FGOALS-s2 were assessed in simulating major climate phenomena, and documented both the strengths and weaknesses of the model. The results indicate that FGOALS-s2 successfully overcomes climate drift, and realistically models global and regional climate characteristics, including SST, precipitation, and atmospheric circulation. In particular, the model accurately captures annual and semi-annual SST cycles in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, and the main characteristic features of the Asian summer monsoon, which include a low-level southwestern jet and five monsoon rainfall centers. The simulated climate variability was further examined in terms of teleconnections, leading modes of global SST (namely, ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillations (PDO), and changes in 19th–20th century climate. The analysis demonstrates that FGOALS-s2 realistically simulates extra-tropical teleconnection patterns of large-scale climate, and irregular ENSO periods. The model gives fairly reasonable reconstructions of spatial patterns of PDO and global monsoon changes in the 20th century. However, because the indirect effects of aerosols are not included in the model, the simulated global temperature change during the period 1850–2005 is greater than the observed warming, by 0.6°C. Some other shortcomings of the model are also noted. 相似文献