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通过国内外资料调研和1950年以来我国相关实验室的考证,研究我国沉积学相关实验室及其仪器设备的历史和现状,揭示存在问题,提出相关建议。数据主要源于三方面,包括国内外数据库6个,国内外沉积学相关实验室官方网站102个以及国内外搜索引擎5个。对访问和调研结果进行统计分析,研究我国沉积学相关实验室及仪器设备的种类、数量及其地区和年代分布,并与国外相关实验室进行对比分析,探索我国沉积学的发展历程、现状和存在问题,并据此展望我国沉积学的未来发展趋势。结果显示,我国沉积学发展经历了1950—1980年的起步阶段,1980—2010年的快速发展阶段,以及2010年以来的稳步提升阶段。作为研究陆表岩石—水—大气—生物相互作用的过程、结果和机制的专门学科,沉积学与资源、环境、全球变化等人类面临的重大挑战都密切相关。我国的沉积学研究长期以来,一直是化石能源与沉积矿产、海洋过程与资源、区域环境和可持续发展等,事关国计民生的相关基础科学研究的重要组成部分。然而,从分析结果看,作为一个重要的地学基础学科,我国沉积学目前面临着以下问题:1）迄今全国还没有一个专门化的沉积学实验室;2）专门用于沉积学研究的实验仪器和设备很少;3）目前与沉积学相关的实验室分布过于集中,实验室与所研究的对象（自然界典型的沉积过程）相互脱离的现象日趋明显且不断加剧。由此可见,一方面我国的沉积学在国民经济和社会发展中发挥着重要的基础研究作用,另一方面相关支撑条件又相对薄弱且存在理论与实际相脱离的趋势。这些问题无疑将会阻碍我国沉积学未来的健康发展。通过此次“中国沉积学发展战略”调研,进一步摸清了家底、理清了问题、看到了不足,希望在此与同行分享我们的调研成果,同时更希望引起相关专家和管理部门的注意,在条件允许时能够不失时机地解决影响我国沉积学发展的上述瓶颈问题。 相似文献
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刺参对人工礁体设计关键指标的选择性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用平均聚集率(Mean Attractive Rate,MAR)作为统计分析指标,研究了仿刺参(Apostichopusjaponicas Selenka)对人工礁体结构设计关键指标(孔径、间隙、颜色、夹角)的选择性及其行为特性。结果表明:(1)随着实验时间延长,仿刺参在礁体模型上的聚集数量呈上升趋势;(2)礁体模型在自然光照条件下的聚参效果优于黑暗条件下的聚参效果(P<0.05);(3)孔径组各水平间聚参效果比较:2 cm>4 cm、16 cm>8 cm(P<0.05),4 cm与16 cm间差异不显著;间隙组各水平间聚参效果比较:2 cm>4 cm>6 cm>8 cm(P<0.05);颜色组各水平间聚参效果比较:黑色、蓝色、红色>绿色>白色>透明(P<0.05),黑色、蓝色、红色间差异不显著;夹角组各水平间聚参效果比较:15°>30°>45°、60°>90°、120°(P<0.05),45°与60°差异不显著,90°与120°差异不显著。说明仿刺参适应礁体模型需要一定时间,呈负趋光性。10 g至30 g的仿刺参,对设计指标为2 cm孔径、2 cm间距、深色、15°夹角的人工礁体,具有较好地选择性。 相似文献
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There is substantial individual variation in the growth rates of sea cucumber Apostiehopus japonicus individuals. This necessitates additional work to grade the seed stock and lengthens the production period. We evaluated the influence of three culture methods （free-mixed, isolated-mixed, isolated-alone） on individual variation in growth and assessed the relationship between feeding, energy conversion efficiency, and individual growth variation in individually cultured sea cucumbers. Of the different culture methods, animals grew best when reared in the isolated-mixed treatment （i.e., size classes were held separately）, though there was no difference in individual variation in growth between rearing treatment groups. The individual variation in growth was primarily attributed to genetic factors. The difference in food conversion efficiency caused by genetic differences among individuals was thought to be the origin of the variance. The level of individual growth variation may be altered by interactions among individuals and environmental heterogeneity. Our results suggest that, in addition to traditional seed grading, design of a new kind of substrate that changes the spatial distribution of sea cucumbers would effectively enhance growth and reduce individual variation in growth of sea cucumbers in culture. 相似文献
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白刺参，浅青刺参，深青刺参和紫刺参色素组成及黑色素含量的比较分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus(Selenka), is a commercially important marine species in China. Among the differently colored varieties sold in China, white and purple sea cucumbers have the greatest appeal to consumers. Identification of the pigments that may contribute to the formation of different color morphs of sea cucumbers will provide a scientific basis for improving the cultivability of desirable color morphs. In this study,sea cucumbers were divided into four categories according to their body color: white, light green, dark green, and purple. The pigment composition and contents in the four groups were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The results show that the pigment contents differed significantly among the white, lightgreen, dark-green, and purple sea cucumbers, and there were fewer types of pigments in white sea cucumber than in the other color morphs. The only pigments detected in white sea cucumbers were guanine and pteroic acid.Guanine and pteroic acid are structural colors, and they were also detected in light-green, dark-green, and purple sea cucumbers. Every pigment detected, except for pteroic acid, was present at a higher concentration in purple morphs than in the other color morphs. The biological color pigments melanin, astaxanthin, β-carotene, and lutein were detected in light-green, dark-green, and purple sea cucumbers. While progesterone and lycopene,which are also biological color pigments, were not detected in any of the color morphs. Melanin was the major pigment contributing to body color, and its concentration increased with deepening color of the sea cucumber body. Transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed that white sea cucumbers had the fewest epidermal melanocytes in the body wall, and their melanocytes contained fewer melanosomes as well as non-pigmented pre-melanosomes. Sea cucumbers with deeper body colors contained more melanin granules. In the body wall of dark-green and purple sea cucumbers, melanin granules were secreted out of the cell. The results of this study provide evidence for the main factors responsible for differences in coloration among white, light-green, darkgreen, and purple sea cucumbers, and also provide the foundation for further research on the formation of body color in sea cucumber, A. japonicus. 相似文献
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部分水生经济动物具有性别二态性，这种特性与养殖品质、商业价值相关。与哺乳动物不同，水生动物不具有明显的性征，在育种时难以识别亲本性别，会造成额外的劳动力和培育成本。该文主要围绕水生经济动物性别遗传基础及其鉴定方式，综述了水生经济动物的性别二态现象、常见的性别鉴定方式以及决定基因，以期为种质资源保护和良种选育提供理论参考。 相似文献
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本文利用强氧化剂臭氧 O3 对空气中的冠状病毒进行杀灭试验。经不同臭氧浓度、湿度、温度处理灭活的冠状病毒于 1 0日龄鸡胚培养一代 ,进行对流免疫电泳试验检测。结果表明 ,臭氧浓度在高于 2 0 .3mg/ m3 ,作用时间超过 1 5 min时就可将病毒完全杀灭。湿度和温度对臭氧的杀毒效果也有显著影响 ,即湿度越大灭活效果越好 ,温度越高杀毒效果越明显 相似文献