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11.
Effect of source parameters on forward-directivity velocity pulse for vertical strike slip fault in half space 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
It has been found that the large velocity pulse is one of the most important characteristics of near-fault strong ground motions. Some statistical relationships between pulse period and the moment magnitude for near-fault strong ground motions have been established by Somerville （1998）; Alavi and Krawinkler （2000）; and Mavroeidis and Papageorgiou （2003）, where no variety of rupture velocity, fault depth, and fault distance, etc. were considered. Since near-fault ground motions are significantly influenced by the rupture process and source parameters, the effects of some source parameters on the amplitude and the period ofa forward-directivity velocity pulse in a half space are analyzed by the finite difference method combined with the kinematic source model in this paper. The study shows that the rupture velocity, fault depth, position of the initial rupture point and distribution of asperities are the most important parameters to the velocity pulse. Generally, the pulse period decreases and the pulse amplitude increases as the rupture velocity increases for shallow crustal earthquakes. In a definite region besides the fault trace, the pulse period increases as the fault depth increases. For a uniform strike slip fault, rupture initiating from one end of a fault and propagating to the other always generates a higher pulse amplitude and longer pulse period than in other cases. 相似文献
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安宁河、 则木河构造区近期强震危险性的概率估计 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
2008年5月12日汶川8.0级地震发生后, 作为历史强震多发地段南北地震带中南段的安宁河、 则木河构造区强地震危险性受到广泛关注。 本文在分析安宁河、 则木河构造区强震活动特点的基础上, 利用地震危险性韦布尔概率估计方法, 对该区未来10年内发生6.5级以上强震的累计概率和条件概率进行了计算, 并结合前人针对汶川地震破裂对周边断层产生的库仑应力变化及潜在震源区判定等研究结果, 对该区强地震危险性进行了综合判断。 结果表明, 汶川8.0级地震发生后, 安宁河、 则木河构造区5级以上中强地震似有逐步活跃的趋势; 根据韦布尔概率模型计算得出的该区2021年前发生6.5级以上强地震的概率高达0.93, 条件概率为0.32。 因此, 该构造区, 尤其是区内的冕宁—西昌一带未来10年发生强地震的可能性相对较高。 相似文献
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本文从建设社会主义新农村的高度,以提高农村民居抗御地震灾害的能力为目标,论述了在我国农村地区实施地震安全农居工程的必要性、可行性和目标;介绍了“十一五”国家防震减灾规划重点项目-地震安全农居示范工程的建设内容。涉及农村民居基础资料调查与抗震能力评价、农村民居抗震实用化技术研究与开发、地震安全农居示范工程建设、农村民居防震减灾知识宣传和技术培训、农村民居抗震技术服务网建设、地震安全农居工程投入机制、政策研究及国际合作等方面。 相似文献
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运用震源位错模型, 分析矩形垂直断层及倾斜断层走向滑动和倾向滑动的近场地震动场，以地表地震动的傅立叶振幅谱比为参量考察断层附近地震动空间分布的特点. 结果表明, 断层附近的地震动强度主要受近旁子断层的控制，高强度的地震动分布在紧靠断层两侧有限的带状区域内，长周期分量受断层破裂传播方向性的影响. 走向滑动的方向性影响主要表现在垂直于断层走向的分量，倾向滑动则表现在平行于断层走向的分量，且深震在地面上引起的地震动强度分布比浅震要平缓，影响范围宽. 倾斜断层产生的地震动有明显的上盘效应，空间分布不对称，与观测结果相符. 最后给出了断层附近近场地震动强度分布拟合函数的表达式，并与美国的1997统一建筑规范规定的近场因子作了比较. 相似文献
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三维地形对地震地面运动的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
本文从行波观点研究了小尺度三维地形对地震地面运动的影响。在数值计算中应用了三维化二维的解法和人工进射边界的处理方法,以减少计算时间和算机存贮量。主要研究结果如下:当输入水平地面运动时,孤立小山包将发生整体摇动,这一摇动的周期正是山顶和自由场地面运动振幅谱之比的峰值所对应的周期T_0。当H/R=1/3-2/3时(H为山包高度,R为山底半径),T_0=3.2R/β(β为横波速度)。这一卓越周期的存在导致山顶运动较自由场地面放大100—400％。当输入竖向地面运动时,不再出现明显的山体整体振动,山顶竖向运动较自由场地面放大40—125％。地表凹陷对水平或垂直地面运动的影响远小于具有同一尺度山包的影响,在凹陷边沿附近,地面运动稍有放大(约25％),凹陷底部的运动一般减小。比较了三维理论结果和二维模式的类似研究结果。联系地震宏观现象时论了两者的差异。理论结果和在一个孤立山包的山顶和山底洞内取得的1975年海城地震的余震记录做了对比,结果表明两者合理地一致。最后,讨论了数值计算中遇到的几个主要问题。 相似文献
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暂态弹性波分析中人工边界的研究 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14
本文提出一种应用于有限离散模型计算暂态弹性波时人工边界处理的新方法——多次透射法。它的误差与(ΔX)~N同量级,N为透射次数,ΔI为离散模型的空间步距。初步数值结果表明它对近场弹性波有良好的透射能力。这一方法为研究三维波传播问题提供了新的前景。 相似文献
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以往对砌体结构的抗震鉴定或震害预测方法没有考虑构造柱、圈梁等抗震措施对增强砌体结构抗倒能力的影响,使得在高烈度下的鉴定或震害预测结果多为倒塌,这与震害实际不符合。实际在高烈度区,有一些砌体结构并没有倒塌。本文按照杨玉成等[1]提出的用抗倒增强系数修正楼层综合抗震能力指数方法,将抗倒增强系数的取值推广到不同工况;提出地震烈度为Ⅹ度时烈度影响系数为4.0;推演了杨玉成等提出的用综合抗震能力指数表示的震害预测判别标准。按此法进行了24栋建筑的分析,震害预测结果显示考虑抗倒能力的方法适用于高烈度下的砌体结构震害预测,简单易用,符合震害实际。 相似文献
19.
In this paper, near-fault strong ground motions caused by a surface rupture fault (SRF) and a buried fault (BF) are numerically
simulated and compared by using a time-space-decoupled, explicit finite element method combined with a multi-transmitting
formula (MTF) of an artificial boundary. Prior to the comparison, verification of the explicit element method and the MTF
is conducted. The comparison results show that the final dislocation of the SRF is larger than the BF for the same stress
drop on the fault plane. The maximum final dislocation occurs on the fault upper line for the SRF; however, for the BF, the
maximum final dislocation is located on the fault central part. Meanwhile, the PGA, PGV and PGD of long period ground motions
(≤1 Hz) generated by the SRF are much higher than those of the BF in the near-fault region. The peak value of the velocity
pulse generated by the SRF is also higher than the BF. Furthermore, it is found that in a very narrow region along the fault
trace, ground motions caused by the SRF are much higher than by the BF. These results may explain why SRFs almost always cause
heavy damage in near-fault regions compared to buried faults.
Supported by: National Natural Science Foundation of China Under Grant No. 50408003; National Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs
Funded by Ministry of Science & Technology of China Under Grant No. 2006BAC13B01 相似文献
20.
It is widely known that the seismic response characteristics of a soil site depends heavily on several key dynamic properties
of the soil stratum, such as predominant frequency and damping ratio. A widely used method for estimating the predominant
frequency of a soil site by using microtremor records, proposed by Nakamura, is investigated to determine its effectiveness
in estimating the damping ratio. The authors conducted some microtremor measurements of soil sites in Hong Kong and found
that Nakamura’s method might also be used to estimate the damping ratio of a soil site. Damping ratio data from several typical
soil sites were obtained from both Nakamura’s ratio curves using the half power point method and resonant column tests. Regression
analysis indicates that there is a strong correlation between the damping ratios derived from these two different approaches.
Supported by: Research project (PolyU 5076/97E), of the Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University 相似文献