Sediment records of environmental changes in the south end of the Zhejiang-Fujian coastal mud area during the past 100 years     

王琳淼  李广雪  高飞  刘玲  刘勇 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(4):899-908

Previous studies carried out in the East China Sea （ECS） mud area focused on long-term environmental changes in sedimentary records during the Holoeene, especially during the mid-Holocene high-stand water levels period. These results indicate that sensitive grain size groups can be used as a sedimentary proxy to reconstruct the evolution of the East Asian Winter Monsoon （EAWM）. The studies have been carried out mainly in the northern and middle portions of the Zhejiang-Fujian coastal mud, however, similar research in the southern portion and the comparison between sedimentary proxy and modern measured data of EAWM are lacking. In this paper, we focused on a sedimentary record of the past 100 years with an enhanced resolution of 1.8 years. Investigations of the southern end of the Zhejiang-Fujian coastal mud area were conducted on the basis of 21~Pb chronology, grain-size analysis and chemical element analysis. The correspondence between the mean grain size （Mz） of sediment sensitive grain size and the measured EAWM was confirmed for the first time. We found that during the recent 100 years, the variation of the mean grain size of the sensitive population in the southern portion of the Zhejiang-Fujian mud was mainly controlled by the EAWM intensity changes; and not directly related to changes in the sediment discharge from Datong station of the Changjiang River （DTSD）. Finally, recent changes in the content of heavy metals in study area reflect the impact of human activities on the environment.  相似文献   

参加CMIP5的四个中国气候模式模拟的东亚冬季风年际变率   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

金晨曦  周天军 《大气科学》2014,38(3):453-468

本文比较了中国参加“国际耦合模式比较计划”（CMIP5）的四个大气环流模式（即FGOALS-g2、FGOALS-s2、BCC-CSM1-1、BNU-ESM大气模式）在观测海温驱动下,对东亚冬季风（EAWM）气候态和年际变率的模拟能力。结果表明,在气候态上,四个模式均合理再现了EAWM高低层环流系统（包括低层西伯利亚高压（SH）、阿留申低压、异常偏北风、和中高层东亚大槽、西风急流）,其中对2 m气温和500 hPa高度场的模拟技巧最高,四个模式模拟的结果与再分析资料的空间相关系数都达到0.99。在年际变率上,分别对东亚北部地区（30°N～60°N,100°E～140°E）和东亚南部地区（0°～30°N,100°E～140°E）的2 m气温进行经验正交函数分解（EOF）,提取变率主导模态。结果表明,在东亚北部地区,四个模式对2 m气温第一模态（简称“北部型”）的空间分布均有很高的模拟技巧,但只有BNU-ESM能够较好再现其对应的年际变率,其模拟的时间序列与观测的相关系数为0.69。四个模式均能模拟出观测中的3.1 a主导周期,但只有FGOALS-s2和BNU-ESM能模拟出观测中的2.5 a主导周期。在东亚南部地区,模式模拟的前两个主模态共同解释观测中第一模态（简称“南部型”）的特征,其中FGOALS-g2、FGOALS-s2和BNU-ESM的综合模拟技巧较高,但只有BNU-ESM成功再现了观测中2.5 a和3.1 a的主导周期。机理分析表明,FGOALS-g2、FGOALS-s2、BNU-ESM三个模式能合理再现菲律宾海反气旋,同时对南部型有较高的模拟能力,而BCC-CSM1-1则未能有效再现菲律宾海反气旋,使得 BCC-CSM1-1对南部型模拟技巧较低。观测和四个模式模拟的结果一致表现出北极涛动（AO）与北部型PC1呈显著相关,影响大于SH。  相似文献   

Pattern of abrupt climatic fluctuation in the East Asian Monsoon during the Last Glacial: Evidence from Chinese loess records     

Guan Qing Yu  Pan Bao Tian  Li NaLi Qiong  Zhang JundiGao Hongshan  Liu Jia 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2010,342(3):189-196

Records of two loess sections located in mid-eastern and western margins of the East Asian Monsoon area captured 20 Dansgaard-Oescher events and six Heinrich events. All these suggested that the climate in the East Asian Monsoon area fluctuated rapidly on millennial to century timescales during the whole Last Glacial. We found that these loess-based events of rapid climate fluctuations were generally synchronous with those of GRIP records, but that there were differences between the Shagou loess section in the west and the Wangguan loess section in the east: the former was more sensitive to climate change than the latter. Compared with earlier studies on loess records covering the Last Glacial from neighboring areas, we discovered that the magnitude of Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles decreased gradually from west to east and we suggest that it resulted from the combined effect of the Westerlies and the East Asian Monsoon.  相似文献   

研究季风区历史时期湖泊环境演化的意义   总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8  

王苏民  薛滨  张振克 《湖泊科学》1998,10(2):1-4

本文首先讨论了历史时期季风区湖泊环境演化研究在古全球变化研究中的地位及其意义,着重强调人与自然相互作用研究以及进行定量研究是该领域的关键所在。综合中国近年来在湖泊沉积与古全球变化研究中取得的成果,提出在该领域研究的一些新的认识与亟待解决的问题。  相似文献   

北太平洋涛动和东亚冬季风对ENSO影响差异分析          下载免费PDF全文

温涛  冯立成  陈权亮  丁瑞强  史良 《应用海洋学学报》2021,40(3):373-381

北太平洋涛动(NPO)和东亚冬季风(EAWM)二者是热带外重要的气候系统,不仅对我国甚至对整个东亚气候都有重要影响,对厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)的影响也越发受到关注。本研究利用HadISST海温资料以及美国国家环境预报中心(NCEP)月平均气象场再分析资料,采用相关回归等统计方法分析研究了冬季NPO和EAWM对次年冬季ENSO发生、发展影响的差异,并分析了产生差异的可能原因。结果表明,冬季NPO和EAWM对次年冬季ENSO的影响无论是从相关性大小还是触发的ENSO强度上来说都存在明显的差异;进一步分析冬季NPO和EAWM回归的海表面温度(SST)场相关的降水和风场的季节演化特征发现:在热带太平洋区域,冬季NPO和EAWM通过激发赤道西太平洋区域西风和降水异常建立起了相应的海气正反馈机制,而这种正反馈机制在强度和位置上的不同,造成了对ENSO影响的差异。冬季NPO和EAWM年代际变化上的差异可能是另一原因。  相似文献   

南昌市厚田剖面末次冰期风沙沉积的粒度分维特征及其揭示的古环境意义     

詹江振  李志文  王志刚  孙丽  黎武标  杜兰 《热带地理》2020,40(6):1075-1084

赣江下游阶地上断续发育着系列沙丘砂－砂质古土壤序列，有助于探讨亚热带地区粒度分维特征对古环境的指示意义。在多次综合考察的基础上，选择南昌市新建区的厚田剖面开展工作，在OSL年代和粒度测试基础上，采用分形理论中的幂指函数关系法分析了粒度分维特征，并将其与黏粒体积分数、平均粒径、冬夏季风敏感粒径、南京葫芦洞石笋氧同位素进行对比。结果表明：1）厚田剖面的沙丘砂－砂质古土壤序列主要形成于末次冰期（14.9—77.0 ka），其中沙丘砂的分维值为2.04~2.62（平均值2.34），砂质古土壤为2.24~2.70（平均值2.51）。2）分维值与夏季风强度敏感粒径呈正相关性，与冬季风强度敏感粒径呈负相关性，且与粒度分选性密切相关，标准偏差越小则分维值越小，反之则越大。3）分维值在垂向上呈现峰谷交替旋回，峰值分别对应MIS2早期、MIS3c和MIS3a阶段，该时期夏季风强盛，气候暖湿，砂质古土壤发育；谷值分别对应MIS2晚期、MIS3b和MIS4阶段，该时期冬季风强盛，气候干冷，沙丘砂发育。说明厚田沙地在末次冰期发生了3次气候冷暖旋回，其中还明显记录了H5、H6的极端寒冷事件。由此可见，鄱阳湖地区的风沙沉积序列基本同步于区域乃至全球性气候变化事件。  相似文献   

The Warming and Wetting Ecological Environment Changes over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the Driving Effect of the Asian Summer Monsoon     

孙婵  徐祥德  王培娟  杨典  张胜军  王春竹  蔡雯悦 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2022,28(1):95-108

The impact of warming and wetting on the ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (TP) under the background of climate change has been a concern of the global scientific community. In this paper, the optimized interpolation variational correction approach is adopted for the analysis of monthly high-resolution satellite precipitation products and observations from meteorological stations during the past 20 years. As a result, the corrected precipitation products can not only supplement the “blank area” of precipitation observation stations on the TP, but also improve the accuracy of the original satellite precipitation products. The precipitation over the TP shows different spatial changes in the vegetation growing season, known as the time from May to September. The precipitation in the vegetation growing season and leaf area index (LAI) in the following month show a similar change pattern, indicating a “one-month lag” response of LAI to precipitation on the TP. Further analysis illustrates the influence of water vapor transport driven by the Asian summer monsoon. Water vapor derived from trans-equatorial air flows across the Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea is strengthened, leading to the increase of precipitation in the central and northern TP, where the trend of warming and wetting and the increase of vegetation tend to be more obvious. By contrast, as a result of the weakening trend of water vapor transport in the middle and low levels in southern TP, the precipitation decreases, and the LAI shows a downtrend, which inhibits the warming and wetting ecological environment in this area.  相似文献   

Predicting climate anomalies:A real challenge          下载免费PDF全文

Huijun Wang  Yongjiu Dai  Song Yang  Tim Li  Jingjia Luo  Bo Sun  Mingkeng Duan  Jiehua Ma  Zhicong Yin  Yanyan Huang 《大气和海洋科学快报》2022,15(1):2-11

过去几十年,气候变化和极端气候事件造成的经济损失和灾害显著增加.虽然全球的科学家在理解和预测气候变异方面做出了巨大的努力,但当前在气候预测领域仍然存在几个重大难题.2020年,依托于国家自然科学基金基础科学中心项目的气候系统预测研究中心(CCSP)成立了,该中心旨在应对和处理气候预测领域的三大科学难题:厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)预测,延伸期天气预报,年际-年代际气候预测,并为更加准确的气候预测和更加有效的灾害防御提供科学依据.因此,本文介绍了CCSP的主要目标和面对的科学挑战,回顾了CCSP在季风动力过程,陆-气相互作用和模式开发,ENSO变率,季节内振荡,气候预测等方面已取得的重要研究成果.未来CCSP将继续致力于解决上述领域的关键科学问题.  相似文献   

Seasonal Rainfall Forecasts for the Yangtze River Basin in the Extreme Summer of 2020※     

Philip E.BETT  Gill M.MARTIN  Nick DUNSTONE  Adam A.SCAIFE  Hazel E.THORNTON  Chaofan LI 《大气科学进展》2021,38(12):2212-2220

Seasonal forecasts for Yangtze River basin rainfall in June, May–June–July (MJJ), and June–July–August (JJA) 2020 are presented, based on the Met Office GloSea5 system. The three-month forecasts are based on dynamical predictions of an East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) index, which is transformed into regional-mean rainfall through linear regression. The June rainfall forecasts for the middle/lower Yangtze River basin are based on linear regression of precipitation. The forecasts verify well in terms of giving strong, consistent predictions of above-average rainfall at lead times of at least three months. However, the Yangtze region was subject to exceptionally heavy rainfall throughout the summer period, leading to observed values that lie outside the 95％ prediction intervals of the three-month forecasts. The forecasts presented here are consistent with other studies of the 2020 EASM rainfall, whereby the enhanced mei-yu front in early summer is skillfully forecast, but the impact of midlatitude drivers enhancing the rainfall in later summer is not captured. This case study demonstrates both the utility of probabilistic seasonal forecasts for the Yangtze region and the potential limitations in anticipating complex extreme events driven by a combination of coincident factors.  相似文献   

Climatology and variability of historical Soviet snow depth data: some new perspectives in snow – Indian monsoon teleconnections     

R. H. Kripalani  A. Kulkarni 《Climate Dynamics》1999,15(6):475-489

 This study presents the monthly climatology and variability of the historical soviet snow depth data. This data set was developed under the bilateral data exchange agreement between United States of America and the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The original data is for 284 stations for periods varying from 1881 upto 1985. The seasonal cycle of the mean snow depth has been presented both as spatial maps and as averages over key locations. The deepest snow (=80 cms/day) areas are found over Siberia (in Particular over 80′–100 ′E, 55′–70 ′N) during March. Over the course of the annual cycle average snow depth over this region changes dramatically from about 10 cms in October to about 80 cms in March. The variability is presented in the form of spatial maps of standard deviation. To investigate the interaction of snow depth with Indian monsoon rainfall (IMR), lag and lead correlation coefficients are computed. Results reveal that the winter-time snow depth over western Eurasia surrounding Moscow (eastern Eurasia in central Siberia) shows significant negative (positive) relationship with subsequent IMR. Following the monsoon the signs of relationship reverse over both the regions. This correlation structure is indicative of a midlatitude longwave pattern with an anomalous ridge (trough) over Asia during the winter prior to a strong (weak) monsoon. As the time progresses from winter to spring, the coherent areas of significant relationship show southeastward propagation. Empirical orthogonal function analysis of the snow depth reveal that the first mode describes a dipole-type structure with one centre around Moscow and the other over central Siberia, depicting similar pattern as the spatial correlation structure. The decadal-scale IMR variations seem to be more associated with the Northern Hemisphere midlatitude snow depth variations rather than with the tropical ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation) variability. Received: 16 March 1998 / Accepted: 24 December 1998  相似文献