北山造山带南带中元古代副变质岩的锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素研究——对北山造山带南带前寒武纪物质演化的探索     

周海  陈亮  孙勇 《地质学报》2018,92(5):928-945

北山造山带位于中亚造山带南缘,主要由一系列俯冲增生杂岩体构成。在其宽缓的造山区内,零散地分布着前寒武纪岩石。由于古生代以来强烈的造山作用和随后的陆内造山作用的改造,造成北山内的前寒武纪岩石和古生代以来的造山带产物难以区分。因此,关于北山造山带内的前寒武系归属问题,一直以来争议很大。本文在详细野外地质工作的基础上,报道了位于北山造山带中部的马鬃山地块内前寒武纪副变质岩的岩相学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素研究。该岩石较高的变质程度、岩石组合、碎屑锆石年龄谱特征均显示其和北山造山带内古生代的残余被动大陆边缘产物不同,属于北山造山带内残余的前寒武纪基底,且沉积时代在中元古代约1.1~1.45Ga之间。结合前人的研究,得出以下认识:北山的前寒武纪物质在中元古(约1.0Ga)之后,显示出和塔里木克拉通、蒙古地块均相似的特征,表明三者均卷入了Rodina超大陆的聚散事件。在中元古代及其之前(约1.1Ga之前)则显示多源区的特征。本文中的北山造山带中元古代副变质岩显示了中元古代及其之前与塔里木克拉通不同,与蒙古地块相似的特征。锆石的Hf同位素分析进一步揭示了北山造山带前寒武纪副变质岩和敦煌地块均记录了古太古代中晚期的新生地壳加入事件,显示了与塔里木克拉通的差异。这也暗示了敦煌地块和北山造山带在中元古代(约1.45Ga)之前可能具有统一的前寒武纪基底。  相似文献   

海南岛西部戈枕含金剪切带花岗质糜棱岩中锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学及其地质意义     

李宝龙  王丹丹  张建  毛景文  马波 《岩石学报》2018,34(9):2687-2702

海南岛西部的中元古代抱板群混合岩主要沿北东向戈枕剪切带展布,近年来的研究逐渐揭示混合岩的原岩为花岗质岩石,是遭受强烈剪切作用改造的糜棱岩。本文选择土外山金矿的花岗质糜棱岩和不磨金矿的糜棱岩化花岗岩进行锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学测试,3件样品的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb谐和线年龄值分别为1439.1±8.4Ma(样品13JC-8-1,MSWD=0.85,n=14)、1436.9±8.3Ma(样品13JC-41,MSWD=0.54,n=10)和1448±13Ma(样品BM-3,MSWD=0.56,n=10),代表其原岩的侵位时代。结合研究区已有的研究成果,本文认为海南岛西部花岗质岩类和沿戈枕剪切带出露的糜棱岩原岩结晶年龄为~1450Ma,之后于~1400Ma经历一期构造-热变质事件;海南岛应为华夏地块的一部分,在Rodinia超大陆聚合前,华夏地块(包括海南岛,至少包括海南岛北西部)最有可能位于劳伦大陆南缘的西南延伸部分,华夏地块(包括海南岛)所经历的格林威尔造山事件可能较扬子板块偏早。  相似文献   

前寒武纪地质学在当代地球科学中的地位与作用     

陆松年 《地质论评》1996,42(4):311-316

前寒武纪地质学是地球科学的主要研究领域之一。在前寒武纪岩层中蕴藏着丰富的矿藏,为人类的生存和发展提供了大量的有用资源。前寒武纪还是大陆地壳生长的主要时期,大陆地壳的形成、成因、演化过程及其模式是地球科学家最关心的问题之一。现在出露地表的前寒武纪中、深变质岩已成为研究深部地壳的窗口,为岩石圈研究开辟了新途径,提供了新信息。而生命起源及其早期演化则必须依赖前寒武纪地层中的生命化石记录进行研究。纵观地球科学的发展历史,前寒武纪地质学是地球科学中其它分支学科无法替代的研究领域。  相似文献   

The thermal structure and thickness of continental roots   总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19  

C. Jaupart  J. C. Mareschal 《Lithos》1999,48(1-4):93-114

We compare heat flow data from the Precambrian shields in North America and in South Africa. We also review data available in other less well-sampled Shield regions. Variations in crustal heat production account for most of the variability of the heat flow. Because of this variability, it is difficult to define a single average crustal model representative of a whole tectonic province. The average heat flow values of different Archean provinces in Canada, South Africa, Australia and India differ by significant amounts. This is also true for Proterozoic provinces. For example, the heat flow is significantly higher in the Proterozoic Namaqua–Natal Belt of South Africa than in the Grenville Province of the Canadian Shield (61 vs. 41 mW m⁻² on average). These observations indicate that it is not possible to define single value of the average heat flow for all provinces of the same crustal age. Large amplitude short wavelength variations of the heat flow suggest that most of the difference between Proterozoic and Archean heat flow is of crustal origin. In eastern Canada, there is no good correlation between the local values of heat flow and heat production. In the Archean, Proterozoic and Paleozoic provinces of eastern Canada, heat flow values through rocks with the same heat production are not significantly different. There is therefore no evidence for variations of the mantle heat flow beneath these different provinces. After removing the local crustal heat production from the surface heat flow, the mantle (Moho) heat flow was estimated to be between 10–15 mW m⁻² in the Archean, Proterozoic and Paleozoic provinces of eastern Canada. Estimates of the mantle heat flow in the Kaapvaal craton of South Africa may be slightly higher (≈17 mW m⁻²). Large-scale variations of bulk crustal heat production are well-documented in Canada and imply significant differences of deep lithospheric thermal structure. In thick lithosphere, surficial heat flow measurements record a time average of heat production in the lithospheric mantle and are not in equilibrium with the instantaneous heat production. The low mantle heat flow and current estimates of heat production in the lithospheric mantle do not support a mechanical (conductive) lithosphere thinner than 200 km and thicker than 330 km. Temperature anomalies with surrounding oceanic mantle extend to the convective boundary layer below the conductive layer, and hence to depths greater than these estimates. Mechanical and thermal stability of the lithosphere require the mantle part of the lithosphere to be chemically buoyant and depleted in radiogenic elements. Both characteristics are achieved simultaneously by partial melting and melt extraction.  相似文献   

恒山西段石榴石角闪岩和麻粒岩的变质作用、PT轨迹及构造意义   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12       下载免费PDF全文

郭敬辉  翟明国  李永刚  李江海 《地质科学》1999,34(3):311-325,T002

恒山西段广泛发育石榴石角闪岩和麻粒岩包体,石榴石斑晶的生长环带都完好地保留,甚至晚期的麻粒岩相变质条件也未使其破坏,显示了快速的构造过程和有限的热松弛。石榴石核心保存了早期高压角闪岩相的矿物组合和矿物化学特征,变质作用条件为６００—６５０℃和大约１１ ＧＰａ。随后,石榴石麻粒岩的变质温度和压力继续上升,达到高压麻粒岩相,大约为８１０℃和１２５ ＧＰａ。两类岩石变质作用的晚期都经历了特殊的减压升温过程,显示典型的顺时针ＰＴ 轨迹。因此可以推断,恒山西段在太古宙末或早元古代很可能经历了某种形式的大陆俯冲或碰撞过程,并且随后发育逆冲和一系列壳内变形剪切等。  相似文献   

赣杭构造带区域大地构造背景的探讨   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

邓家瑞  张志平 《铀矿地质》1999,15(2):71-76

华南前寒武纪构造格架的确立,是在长期研究中不断取得进展并完善的。通过前寒武纪建造、构造综合分析表明：华夏古陆是一个被肢解了的早前寒武纪古大陆;中元古代晚期浙西—赣东北为华夏古陆的活动陆缘;武陵运动是华南最重要的造山运动,华夏古陆与扬子地块在赣东北断裂带碰撞,形成了统一的“华南古大陆”;晚元古代由于区域地质条件不同,各地碰撞后的构造演化有明显的差异。赣杭断裂带是一条晚元古代早期“Ａ”型俯冲带  相似文献   

中朝古大陆东部早前寒武纪变质岩系对比及其演化阶段划分   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

曹林  朱东 《世界地质》1999,18(2):36-46

介绍了朝鲜半岛太古宙、古元古宙的表壳岩和花岗质岩石的岩石组合、岩石化学和地球化学特征;根据近几年来华北古大陆前寒武纪地质研究的新发现和同位素年代学的最新成果,对中朝古大陆东部吉－辽－鲁古陆同朝鲜半岛的狼林陆块、京畿陆块和冠帽陆块等进行对比,表明朝鲜北部的狼林、冠帽陆块同胶辽古陆为同一演化体系,而其南部的京畿、小白山陆块的对比,存在不少问题,有待今后深入对比研究。  相似文献   

早前寒武纪古地热状态的构造环境意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

白瑾 《地学前缘》1999,6(4):323-330

区域变质作用是在造山运动中地热流和动力联合作用的体现。在早前寒武纪的造山带中,随着地壳的缩短,古地热流向构造边界聚敛,形成由高温到低温的区域变质相带序列,它既指示古地热流运移的方向,又是构造边界的指向。古地热流值的高低同构造环境的性质有关,如陆内裂陷带的区域变质仅达绿片岩相,而陆缘活动带的则可高达角闪岩相。古地热流从活动带的边界向中心运移,具有向心性,随着构造层的深埋,构成地热槽,它的片段则表现为地热斜。识别这些古地热状态,可为构造环境属性的鉴定提供有力的依据  相似文献   

浙江前寒武纪超基性岩和古构造格局分划     

朱平 《浙江国土资源》1998,(2)

沿浙江诸暨石角、陈察分布的前寒武纪超基性岩分别为绍兴一江山对接带古洋壳下覆含水地促残留作和华夏古地体原始地侵高温底辟侵入体。两地超基性岩结构构造的独特性,与所处古地质构造单元之间推覆超法的运动学性质有关。岩体在地质特征和宕石化学、矿物化学等的明显差异,以及由此引致的特殊的成因条件,是分划两个不同古地质构造单元的依据：石角、陈蔡超基性岩体,应分别属于不同威尔逊旋回,同一俯冲阶段的前寒武纪上地幔深部成因的侵入岩。  相似文献   

Were the hydraulic parameters of Precambrian rivers different?     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2014

Palaeohydraulic estimates have been made using time-tested standard empirical formula involving channel dimensions, especially channel depth, in four Indian Proterozoic fluvial formations. These are the Mesoproterozoic Ramdurg, younger Mesoproterozoic Muchkundi and Neoproterozoic Cave Temple Arenite in Karnataka, and Upper Rewa Sandstone in central India. The basic data came from direct measurement of decompacted thicknesses of completely preserved channel-fills or bedforms, and more commonly of cross-sets. The result, in combination with data derived by others in a similar way from a few other Precambrian fluvial formations helps to provide a new insight into the palaeohydraulics of Precambrian rivers.River gradients appear to have been steeper during the Precambrian; the possibly continuous range of variation in river gradients from alluvial fans to the plains, as a whole shifted to higher values during the Precambrian epoch. The likely reason is a greater possibility of sediment bypassing on vegetation-free land. Concomitant downstream increase in discharge was enhanced in Precambrian rivers due to lack of withdrawal of groundwater through biogenic activity. Precambrian rivers were commonly ephemeral, but downstream the ephemerality index was reduced and some rivers might have been perennial where they debouched into standing bodies of water. The Precambrian river deposits studied generally had smaller width and depth with respect to Phanerozoic and modern rivers, possibly due to unstable substratum causing surface run-off tended to be impelled along multiple independent minor channels.  相似文献