四溴双酚A对中华哲水蚤摄食、耗氧及排氨的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘树苗  朱丽岩  徐风风  徐潇峰 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2012,(12):49-53

在四溴双酚A(TBBPA)亚致死剂量下(0、5.3、10.6、21.2、42.4、84.8μg·L-1),研究了中华哲水蚤染毒48h及恢复7和14d后的摄食率、耗氧率和排氨率。结果表明,染毒48h后,各实验组的排氨率受TBBPA的影响与对照组相比均为显著,而摄食率和耗氧率各只有一个浓度组与对照组相比为显著。根据O∶N比值分析,染毒48h及恢复7、14d后,对照组及低浓度组中华哲水蚤以蛋白质为主要代谢底物,而在高浓度组主要通过脂肪或糖类获得能量,说明以脂肪和糖类作为食物有助于中华哲水蚤消除体内的TBBPA。本文通过研究TBBPA对中华哲水蚤的慢性致毒效应,探讨该种持久性有机污染物对近海桡足类可能的影响。  相似文献   

Annual variation in Calanus sinicus abundance and population structure in the northern boundary area of the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

尹洁慧  张光涛  赵增霞  王世伟  万艾勇 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(6):1284-1294

The Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass （YSCWM） was suggested as an over-summering site of the dominant copepod species Calanus sinicus in coastal Chinese seas. Population abundance and structure were investigated by monthly sampling along three transects across the northern boundary of the YSCWM during 2009-2010. Results show that thermal stratification existed from June to October and that the vertical thermal difference increased with depth. Generally, total abundance was lowest in October and highest in June, and the female/male sex ratio was highest in February and lowest in August. Evident spatial differences in abundance were observed during the existence of the YSCWM. In June, total abundance averaged 158.8 ind/m~ at well-stratified stations, and 532.1 ind/m3 at other stations. Similarly, high abundances of 322.0 and 324.4 ind/m3 were recorded from July to August inside the YSCWM, while the abundance decreased from 50.4 to 1.9 ind/m3 outside the water mass. C. sinicus distribution tended to even out over the study area in September when the YSCWM disappeared. We believe that the YSCWM may retard population recruitment in spring and preserve abundant cohorts in summer. The summer population was transported to neritic waters in autumn. In addition to low temperatures, stable vertical structure was also an essential condition for preservation of the summer population. C. sinicus can survive the summer in marginal areas in high abundance, but the population structure is completely different in terms of C5 proportion and sex ratio.  相似文献   

太湖新银鱼、鲚鱼的食性比较及相互影响分析   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  

刘恩生  鲍传和  吴林坤  曹萍 《湖泊科学》2007,19(1):103-110

在太湖,通过对263个太湖新银鱼和鲚鱼胃含物样本的食物组成分析和比较,研究了两种鱼类间的食物关系;并结合太湖历年鱼类渔获量资料,对渔获量变化间可能存在的相互影响进行了偏相关分析.结果表明:太湖新银鱼在4月份的食物中以桡足类为主,占个数的70.11%±10.57%,其次是枝角类,为29.84%±10.62%,轮虫的数量极少,仅占0.05%±0.11%;在4月份1 鲚鱼的食物中以枝角类为主、占79.35%±11.42%,桡足类占19.97%±10.78%,而轮虫和虾的数量很少,分别占0.49%±0.45%和0.20%±0.44%.而在9-10月份0 鲚鱼的食物中,枝角类占89.77%±13.69%,桡足类占7.84%±11.53%,轮虫占2.39%±4.95%;用Pianka提出的公式,计算两种鱼类在4月份5个采样点的饵料重叠系数平均为0.4739±0.2810,没有达到Keast提出的Ojk＞0.7的严重重叠水平;计算5个采样点的相同食物组成比平均为46.42%±20.32%,和饵料重叠系数接近.而偏相关分析表明:两种鱼类数量变化间的相关关系是负向的,且随着鱼类密度的增加,负相关关系的显著水平有不断提高的趋势.如1973-1984年期间的负相关关系远没有达到显著水平(r=-0.2531 p=0.584),而1985-2004年期间的负相关关系接近显著水平(r=-0.4395 P=0.101).分析认为:太湖新银鱼和鲚鱼的食物虽有重叠,但通常情况下食物竞争并不激烈;种群数量变化间的相互影响是负向的,没有达到显著水平.可能仅在两种鱼类密度很高时,激烈地食物竞争才会发生、并主要表现为对哲水蚤和剑水蚤的竞争;且数量间负向的相互影响有加强趋势.  相似文献   

Changes in the population structure of Calanus sinicus during summer–autumn in the southern Yellow Sea     

时永强  孙松  李超伦  张光涛  杨波  吉鹏 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(8):56-63

Calanus sinicus is a calanoid copepod widely distributed in coastal waters of China and Japan, and oversummering strategies may have major impacts on their population dynamics which in turn affect local marine food web structure. The abundance, stage composition, and sex composition of the planktonic copepod C. sinicus were studied from August to October 2002 in the southern Yellow Sea to understand how its population recovers from the over-summering state. Results showed that C. sinicus had low reproduction in August due to high temperature, except in waters near the Cheju Island with rich food and moderate bottom temperature, but the reproduction rates here decreased in September–October as food availability declined. When temperature dropped in September–October, C. sinicus actively propagated in coastal shallow waters. However, reproduction rates of C. sinicus individuals inhabiting the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(YSCWM) remained low during the three months of the study. The percentage of C. sinicus females was high during the reproductive period, which suggests that the sex composition of adult C. sinicus may reflect whether or not the population is in the reproductive mode.Numerous fifth copepodite stage(CV) C. sinicus aggregated in the YSCWM in a suspended developmental stage during the three months of this study, and they potentially served as the parental individuals for population development when conditions became optimal for reproduction later in the year.  相似文献   

甲维盐对安氏伪镖水蚤(Pseudodiaptomus annandalei)摄食、呼吸、发育和生殖的影响     

潘洁红  刘光兴 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(1):181-187

甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(Emamectinbenzoate,EMB)(简称甲维盐)作为一种新型高效安全的农药,近年来得到了广泛的使用。为探讨甲维盐对海洋桡足类的影响,本文以安氏伪镖水蚤为研究对象,通过急慢性暴露实验研究了不同甲维盐浓度对安氏伪镖水蚤摄食、呼吸、发育、生殖的影响。结果表明,甲维盐对安氏伪镖水蚤的48h LC50和96h LC50分别为4.13和1.98μg/L;随着甲维盐浓度的升高,安氏伪镖水蚤的摄食率呈现降低趋势;在甲维盐浓度0.25μg/L时,安氏伪镖水蚤呼吸率显著升高,而甲维盐浓度超过0.50μg/L时,呼吸率呈现降低的趋势;在甲维盐高浓度组(0.2000μg/L),第二世代的发育时间显著延长,存活率与生殖力均显著降低。以上结果说明,安氏伪镖水蚤对甲维盐较为敏感,高浓度甲维盐会影响安氏伪镖水蚤的摄食、呼吸、发育和生殖,进而可能影响到其种群动态。本研究为进一步判定甲维盐的生态风险以及我国海洋渔业环境保护提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

中肋骨条藻-裸甲藻-双毛纺锤水蚤营养传递的级联效应     

张翠霞  高歌  李世玥  吴宇佳  王蕊  吴梦瑶  刘泽洋  刘宇轩  杨昊达 《海洋科学》2020,44(5):123-132

中型浮游动物因摄食微型浮游动物,释放了微型浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食压力,这种营养级联效应会增加浮游植物丰度和降低中型浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食率,从而弱化浮游生物网营养传递过程中的下行控制作用。本研究在实验室模拟了食物链中肋骨条藻-裸甲藻-双毛纺锤水蚤的营养传递过程,发现在中肋骨条藻低生物量时,双毛纺锤水蚤偏好于选择摄食裸甲藻;高生物量时,双毛纺锤水蚤偏好选择摄食中肋骨条藻。营养传递过程中存在正的级联效应(0.018~0.12 d^-1),级联效应的大小与裸甲藻的摄食率和双毛纺锤水蚤对裸甲藻的摄食选择指数呈现显著的正相关关系。双毛纺锤水蚤对中肋骨条藻的直接摄食死亡率大于营养级联效应,从而导致中肋骨条藻生物量的降低。因此,营养级联效应对中型浮游动物摄食浮游植物的影响要弱于中型浮游动物的直接摄食作用。  相似文献   

DISTRIBUTION AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF PARACALANUS PARVUS,PRACALANUS CRASSIROSTRIS,AND ACARTIA BIFILOSA（COPEPODA,CALANOIDA）IN THE BOHAI SEA     

王荣  张鸿雁王克 左涛 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2002,20(4):348-357

Paracalanus parvus,Paracalanus crassirostris,and Acartia bifilosa are dominant and widely distributed in the Bohai Sea,and comprise an important part of zooplankton in terms of biomass as well as production rate.In order to understand their seasonal distribution and population dynamics,their stage-specific abundance in different months of the year were analyzed based on the never analyzed yet samples collected in 1959.The three species showed clear and remarkable seasonal variation in abundance,which maximized in spring and summer,when they formed high biomass patches or concentrations in the nearshore area.For Paracalanus parvus,two peaks were observed in the annual circle,one in June and the other in September,For Paracalanus crassirostris,one peak occurred in summer and a small one in December.The seasonal pattern of Acartia bifilosa was different in different regions.In Bohai Bay it had a two-peak pattern,with the first large peak occurring in May and the second one in October.In Laizhou Bay,a winter peak in December and January could be observed besides the spring one.The number of generations during the reproductive season for the three species was estimated based on the annual cycle in abundance and ambient temperature.  相似文献   

前寒武纪细粒碎屑岩中纺锤状裂缝的成因分析:以燕山东部长城群为例     

李林  汤冬杰  付星梅  周锡强  李楠  梁光胜 《现代地质》2008,22(5)

燕山东部天津蓟县至河北兴隆一带中元古界长城群细粒碎屑岩中,普遍发育有在层面上表现为纺锤状裂缝的沉积构造,并曾经被解释为后生动物遗迹化石或地震震荡液化脉等。这种沉积构造常与变余波痕、皱饰构造等相伴产出。根据初步观察与研究的结果推断,纺锤状裂缝可能是由于微生物席对沉积面的封闭作用,导致沉积物在成岩作用早期发生脱气与脱水等作用的产物,因此可以将其归入微生物参与形成的原生沉积构造(席底构造)的范畴。纺锤状裂缝与其他的席底构造一样,为前寒武纪的沉积环境重塑提供了一个重要的证据,同时也说明在前寒武纪的地球表层环境中,微生物以其新陈代谢的多样性及巨大的生物量,在沉积纪录中留下了重要的烙印。  相似文献   

初夏南黄海浮游动物功能群丰度年际变化   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

时永强  孙松  李超伦  张光涛 《海洋与湖沼》2016,47(1):1-8

利用1959年和2000—2009年6月份在南黄海海域进行的7个航次海洋调查采样样品,并结合同步温盐资料及海温长期变化数据,研究了不同浮游动物功能群丰度的年际变化。结果表明:大型甲壳类和毛颚类功能群丰度高且波动幅度较大,在1959年和2000—2009年两个时期无明显差异,最低值分别出现在2003年和2000年;而中华哲水蚤为优势种的大型桡足类功能群丰度在2000—2009年显著高于1959年,波动范围分别在2035—24500和912—1330ind/m2之间;小型水母和海樽类功能群丰度一般较低,但是在2007年出现暴发式增加,平均丰度分别是其它年份中最高平均丰度的4.8倍和88.5倍。大型甲壳类和毛颚类分别在东部冷水团区和中部锋面区波动幅度最大,小型水母和海樽类则是在西部浅水区波动幅度最大。分析认为桡足类丰度增加与营养盐浓度升高和鱼类过度捕捞有关,而胶质生物种群剧烈波动与气候变化引起的环境变异相关。  相似文献   

四种理化因子对双齿许水蚤卵子孵化率的影响     

罗晓霞  黄翔鹄  黄子华 《广东海洋大学学报》2008,28(4)

研究了温度、盐度、pH、光照强度等理化因子对双齿许水蚤(Schmackeria dubin)孵化率的影响。结果表明,温度对双齿许水蚤的孵化率影响显著(P<0.05),其最适温度为30℃,孵化率达82.7%;盐度对双齿许水蚤的孵化率影响不显著(P>0.05),在盐度5~40的范围内均能正常孵化;pH对双齿许水蚤的孵化率影响显著(P<0.05),其适宜pH为6.5~8.5,孵化率达83.0%;光照强度对双齿许水蚤的孵化率影响显著(P<0.05),在照度为100 lx时其孵化率为69.1%,在1 000 lx时孵化率大幅度降低至8.8%,在4 000 lx以上时,其不能孵化甚至出现死亡。  相似文献