Brief history of ground-based very high energy gamma-ray astrophysics with atmospheric air Cherenkov telescopes     

《Astroparticle Physics》2014

The discovery of the Crab Nebula as the first source of TeV gamma rays in 1989, using the technique of ground-based imaging air Cherenkov telescope, has marked the birthday of observational gamma astronomy in very high energy range. The team led by Trevor Weekes, after twenty years of trial and error, success and misfortune, step-by-step improvements in both the technique and understanding of gamma shower discrimination methods, used the 10 m diameter telescope on Mount Hopkins in Arizona, and succeeded measuring a 9σ signal from the direction of Crab Nebula. As of today over 160 sources of gamma rays of very different types, of both galactic and extra-galactic origin, have been discovered due to this technique. This is a really fast evolving branch in science, rapidly improving our understanding of the most violent and energetic sources and processes in the sky.The study of these sources provides clues to many basic questions in astrophysics, astro-particle physics, physics of cosmic rays and cosmology. Today’s telescopes, despite the young age of the technique, offer a solid performance. The technique is still maturing, leading to the next generation large instrument. This article is devoted to outlining the milestones in a long history that step-by-step have made this technique emerge and have brought about today’s successful source hunting.  相似文献   

Sputtering and high altitude meteors     

K. A. Hill  L. A. Rogers  R. L. Hawkes 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2004,95(1-4):403-412

Conventional ablation theory assumes that a meteoroid undergoes intensive heating during atmospheric flight and surface atoms are liberated through thermal processes. Our research has indicated that physical sputtering could play a significant role in meteoroid mass loss. Using a 4th order Runge-Kutta numerical integration technique, we tabulated the mass loss due to the two ablation mechanisms and computed the fraction of total mass lost due to sputtering. We modeled cometary structure meteoroids with masses ranging from 10⁻¹³ to 10⁻³ kg and velocities ranging from 11.2 to 71 km s⁻¹. Our results indicate that a significant fraction of the mass loss for small, fast meteors is due to sputtering, particularly in the early portion of the light curve. In the past 6 years evidence has emerged for meteor luminosity at heights greater than can be explained by conventional ablation theory. We have applied our sputtering model and find excellent agreement with these observations, and therefore suggest that sputtered material accounts for the new type of radiation found at great heights.  相似文献   

影响萼花臂尾轮虫种群增长的生态学因子的研究——光照的影响     

王金秋  李德尚 《海洋湖沼通报》1997,(4):23-27

采用种群累积培养法，在控温３２℃条件下，分别用蛋白核小球藻和啤酒酵母作为饵料，研究了有无光照和不同光照强度对萼花臂尾轮虫种群增长的影响。结果表明，光照对该轮虫的种群增长具有极显著的影响，却有光照组轮虫的种群密度极显著地高于无光照组；但在本实验设计范围内，光照强度的变化对该轮虫的种群增长无显著影响。因此，光照对该轮虫的培养是必要的。  相似文献   

Light, radiofrequency emission and ionization effects associated with rock fracture   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

G. Martelli  P. N. Smith  A. J. Woodward 《Geophysical Journal International》1989,98(2):397-401

  相似文献   

Photometric Analysis of Southern Contact Binary Stars,Part I: GZ PUP,AV PUP AND II APS     

Surjit?S.?WadhwaEmail author 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2005,300(4):289-296

An analysis of the V band light curves using the Wilson–Devinney code for GZ Pup, AV Pup and II Aps is provided. The three systems are found to be of W type with mass ratios of 0.37, 0.8 and 0.295, respectively. A review of the astrophysical quantities suggests that the systems generally demonstrate properties typical of the W-type contact binaries.  相似文献   

Reconstructed light extinction coefficients using chemical compositions of PM<Subscript>2.5</Subscript> in winter in Urban Guangzhou,China   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

陶俊  曹军骥  张仁健  朱李华  张涛  施思  陈尊裕 《大气科学进展》2012,29(2):359-368

The objective of this study was to reconstruct light extinction coefficients (b ext ) according to chemical composition components of particulate matter up to 2.5 μm in size (PM 2.5 ). PM 2.5 samples were collected at the monitoring station of the South China of Institute of Environmental Science (SCIES, Guangzhou, China) during January 2010, and the online absorbing and scattering coefficients were obtained using an aethalometer and a nephelometer. The measured values of light absorption coefficient by particle (b ap ) and light scattering coefficient by particle (b sp ) significantly correlated (R 2 > 0.95) with values of b ap and b sp that were reconstructed using the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) formula when RH was <70%. The measured b ext had a good correlation (R 2 > 0.83) with the calculated b ext under ambient RH conditions. The result of source apportionment of b ext showed that ammonium sulfate [(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ] was the largest contributor (35.0%) to b ext , followed by ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 , 22.9%), organic matter (16.1%), elemental carbon (11.8%), sea salt (4.7%), and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 , 9.6%). To improve visibility in Guangzhou, the effective control of secondary particles like sulfates, nitrates, and ammonia should be given more attention in urban environmental management.  相似文献   

津巴布韦金刚石中石墨包裹体及金刚石异常双折射特征分析     

孙成阳  陆太进  宋中华  何明跃  邓怡 《岩矿测试》2022,(2):199-210

津巴布韦马朗(Marange)金刚石矿以产出混合习性(八面体与近立方体)金刚石为特征,其石墨包裹体仅存在于近立方体区.石墨包裹体的形态、分布及金刚石的异常双折射与应变特征,能反映其从开始结晶到被搬运至地表过程中经历的地质作用.因此,对津巴布韦混合习性金刚石及石墨包裹体的研究不仅能提供与其他产地金刚石有对比意义的数据,且...  相似文献   

不同光质对温室甜椒光合特性的影响     

刘寿东  杨再强  苏天星  费玉娟  黄川容  黄海静 《南京气象学院学报》2010,33(5):600-605

以甜椒＂苏椒13号＂品种为试材,于2009年在江苏南京设计不同彩色塑料薄膜（红、绿、黄、紫、蓝、无色（CK））覆盖处理试验,系统研究了不同光质对温室甜椒叶片光合作用特性的影响。结果表明：不同光质处理的甜椒叶片光补偿点和光饱和点分别在4560μmol.m-2.s-1和1 0001 200μmol.m-2.s-1范围内;红膜处理的单叶最大光合速率最高达8.4μmol.m-2.s-1,紫膜处理最低仅为2.89μmol.m-2.s-1;红膜和CK处理的甜椒叶片CO2饱和点明显高于紫膜和黄膜处理,所有处理的CO2补偿点均在100μmol.mol-1左右。CK的叶绿素含量最高,绿膜处理最低。不同色膜处理的晴天叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率日变化均呈单峰型。除蓝膜外,其他色膜处理胞间CO2浓度日变化曲线均呈＂W＂型。水分利用效率日平均值以红膜处理最高、紫膜最低。气孔限制值以紫膜处理最高、红膜处理最低。红膜、黄膜处理可促进甜椒光合作用,而紫膜则具有明显的抑制作用。  相似文献   

珞珈一号夜间灯光数据的福建省人为热通量估算     

林中立  徐涵秋  林从华 《遥感学报》2022,26(6):1236-1246

夜间灯光数据是估算人为热通量（AHF）的重要数据,但当前应用最广的DMSP/OLS和Suomi-NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光数据由于受限于粗糙的空间分辨率,而无法刻画城市内部的AHF分布细节。中国2018年6月发射的Luojia 1-01卫星所获取的130 m高空间分辨率夜间灯光数据,则有望解决这一问题。因此本文利用Luojia 1-01夜间灯光数据,通过将统计年鉴中的能源统计数据细化至福建省84个县（市、区）,然后与3个夜间灯光指数（NTL_nor、HSI、VANUI）进行回归分析,分别构建了基于这3个指数的福建省AHF空间估算模型,并采用交叉验证法对其进行筛选。结果显示：（1）在3个指数中,基于VANUI的乘幂估算模型的R²最高,且RMSE最小,因此精度最高;（2）利用VANUI乘幂估算模型反演得到的2018年福建省年均AHF为0.88 W/m²,其中厦门市的年均AHF最高,达10.98 W/m²,泉州、莆田、福州、漳州等沿海城市次之,年均值在0.98—1.95 W/m²,而宁德、龙岩、三明、南平等城市的AHF则较低,均值在0.38—0.46 W/m²;（3）Luojia 1-01夜间灯光数据可以揭示城市内部的AHF分异细节。根据用地属性和功能的不同,AHF数值表现为：城市集中商业区>大型市政公共设施区>城市主干道>城市住宅区>近郊住宅区。研究表明,基于Luojia 1-01夜间灯光数据建立的AHF估算模型可以较好地揭示城市尺度AHF的空间分异情况。  相似文献   

大气中性点区域偏振效应的地—气参量研究     

吴太夏  童庆禧  PETRI Pellikk  张淳民  晏磊 《遥感学报》2018,22(6):980-988

随着中国多颗偏振遥感器搭载发射,偏振遥感成为对地观测领域一个新的增长点以及研究热点。由于大气散射具有较强的偏振效应,大气与地表偏振信号的分离是偏振对地进行有效观测和应用的一个现实问题与难点问题。本文利用晴空中有规律的偏振分布以及大气偏振中性点的性质,对利用大气中性点的偏振效应进行地表—大气偏振信息分离的可行性进行了论证。通过对大气中性点在辐射传输过程性质的计算,得出Babinet大气中性点区域的偏振效应以及基于Babinet中性点区域进行偏振对地观测的基本方法,研究重点阐述了从航空遥感和航天遥感两个层面对如何将大气中性点应用于遥感观测进行了讨论。结果表明:(1)Babinet中性点相比于其他两个中性点,更适合于偏振遥感对地观测中地—气偏振参量分离;(2)航空遥感搭载偏振传感器在Babinet中性点区域进行地表探测可以消除大气偏振,突出地物偏振信息,有效进行地—气偏振参量分离;(3)在太阳同步轨道的卫星遥感影像上能够有效识别偏振中性点区域;研究成果有效分离高分辨率偏振遥感地物反演中的大气偏振耦合效应,实现地表偏振反射信息最大化,对于偏振遥感的大气校正以及定量化水平的提升具有实践意义。  相似文献