Bed load transport rates during scouring and armoring processes     

Fengguang Yang  Xingnian Liu  Shuyou Cao  Er Huang 《山地科学学报》2010,7(3):215-225

Dambreak-induced bed scouring may undermine the foundation of bridge piers and other structures, and that destruction can pose a serious threat. Consequently, this paper aims at exploring the mechanisms of scouring and armoring. Firstly, the incipient velocity for nonuniform sediment particles was studied, and a formula was derived based on the angle of repose of nonuniform sediment. The results showed that the mechanism of incipient motion for sand and fine gravel differed from that for coarse gravel and cobbles. Also, comparison between experimental and field data shows that the results from the proposed formula agree well with those observed for all conditions. Secondly, a birth-death, immigration-emigration Markov process was developed to describe the bed load transport rate associated with scouring and armoring. The comparison between experimental data and computed results shows that our model can predict the bed load transport rate, although there may be some limitations, the chief of which is that there are many variables in the model to be determined through experiment. This makes its application in river engineering inconvenient.  相似文献   

河流冲刷对堤岸渗流和变形的影响研究     

张芳枝  陈晓平 《岩土力学》2011,32(2):441-447

通过理论分析和有限元技术,建立了综合考虑河流冲刷力、渗透力、自重应力耦合力系下的堤岸（水上、水下）与河床的整体分析模型,直接分析河流冲刷作用对堤岸渗流和变形的影响,并结合强度折减有限元法分析河流冲刷对堤岸边坡整体稳定性的影响。结果表明,渗透流速的最大值出现在堤脚,冲刷作用使堤岸的渗透流速有所提高,并使堤岸坡脚沿外江方向的水平位移明显增加,愈靠近坡脚,外江方向水平位移增加的幅度愈大,在不同水位下堤脚都是最易受到渗流和冲刷影响的地方;河流冲刷进一步加大了堤岸和河床塑性区范围,堤岸的安全系数降低;河流冲刷对堤岸渗流和变形产生的影响随着河水位的上升而加剧,河水位越高,冲刷作用使堤岸稳定性降低的幅度越大。  相似文献   

An opportunity to connect the morphodynamics of alternate bars with their sedimentary products     

Stephane Rodrigues  Nicolas Claude  Philippe Juge  Jean‐Gabriel Breheret 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2012,37(2):240-248

Field investigations that help clarify local sedimentary processes involved in the migration of alternate bars as a consequence of flood events are lacking. A simple approach combining scour chains, stratigraphy and frequent bathymetric surveys is proposed to connect the dynamics of free migrating alternate bars present in disconnected channels of large sandy‐gravelly rivers with their sedimentary products and vice versa. The results show that the spatial distribution of bars before a flood partly governs the scour and fill processes and that the sediment transport rates vary significantly on a single cross‐section. This can be due to preferential axes of the migration of the bars determined by their location on the cross‐section, the bank direction and the discharge. The approach allows the reconstruction of local sedimentary processes involved in alternate bar migration by combining maximum scour depths reached during a flood with frequent channel bed topography surveys and post‐flood stratigraphy. It is also possible to distinguish deposited and preserved sediments compared with sediments by‐passed during the flood. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF HEAD-CUT WITH A TWO-LAYERED BED   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yafei JIA Tadanofi KITAMURA S. S. Y. WANG 《国际泥沙研究》2005,20(3):185-193

1INTRODUCTION The rate of gully erosion is dominated by the upstream migration of existing nick-points called headcut.Due to the shape of the headcut,the flow from the upstream channel impinges into the pool of the scour hole and forms a complex three-dimensional flow structure.The turbulent flow deepens the scour hole,transports the eroded material downstream,undercuts the headcut wall and creates gravitational slumping of the gully head material.In reality,the occurrence of a head cut i…  相似文献   

海洋平台桩基冲刷及影响因素分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

孙宁松  孙永福  宋玉鹏 《海岸工程》2004,23(4):38-44

海洋平台修建后桩柱周围局部水动力条件变化会导致不同程度的桩基冲刷,进而影响平台稳定性。介绍了桩基冲刷研究现状及现阶段存在问题,论述了桩基冲刷发展过程以及产生冲刷坑的影响因素。  相似文献   

Prediction of scour depth at breakwaters due to non-breaking waves using machine learning approaches     

《Applied Ocean Research》2017

Coastal structures may cease to function properly due to seabed scouring. Hence, prediction of the maximum scour depth is of great importance for the protection of these structures. Since scour is the result of a complicated interaction between structure, sediment, and incoming waves, empirical equations are not as accurate as machine learning schemes, which are being widely employed for the coastal engineering modeling. In this paper, which can be regarded as an extension of Pourzangbar et al. (2016), two soft computing methods, a support vector regression (SVR), and a model tree algorithm (M5′), have been implemented to predict the maximum scour depth due to non-breaking waves. The models predict the relative scour depth (S_max/H₀) on the basis of the following variables: relative water depth at the toe of the breakwater (h_toe/L₀), Shields parameter (θ), non-breaking wave steepness (H₀/L₀), and reflection coefficient (Cr). 95 laboratory data points, extracted from dedicated experimental studies, have been used for developing the models, whose performances have been assessed on the basis of statistical parameters. The results suggest that all of the developed models predict the maximum scour depth with high precision, the M5′ model performed marginally better than the SVR model and also allowed to define a set of transparent and physically sound relationships. Such relationships, which are in good agreement with the existing empirical findings, show that the relative scour depth is mainly affected by wave reflection.  相似文献   

基于Flow-3D的抗拖网海床基冲刷数值模拟          下载免费PDF全文

于凯本  杨涛  高健  林广义  孟庆健  宗乐 《海洋学研究》2017,35(3):91-98

基于Flow-3D软件,建立抗拖网海床基沙土基床冲刷的三维数学模型,控制水流流速和泥沙粒径,对不同条件下抗拖网海床基周围沙土基床的冲刷进行数值模拟,并分析了抗拖网海床基最大冲刷深度随这两种因素改变的趋势。结果表明,抗拖网海床基沙土基床冲刷坑深度随海流流速增大而增加,在设定其他条件不改变的情况下,冲刷坑的加深速度随着流速增大会逐渐减缓,最终达到冲淤平衡。同时,由于海底环境复杂多变,导致模型与实际情况有一定的差异,还需在后续的研究中进一步进行优化。  相似文献   

单向流条件下单桩桩周冲刷过程特征试验研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

马丽丽  国振  王立忠  赵长军  秦肖 《海洋工程》2017,35(1):136-146

水流引起桩基周围地基冲刷是海洋工程中的经典课题,由于问题涉及流体动力学和土力学的交叉内容,加之试验技术和计算能力的限制,这一冲刷过程仍有很多方面尚待进一步厘清。开展10组室内水槽试验,研究了不同水深情况下定床和动床冲刷时单桩桩周局部冲刷深度的发展过程。在试验过程中,通过模型桩内放置摄像机实时监测桩周冲刷深度变化,得到桩周冲深边界及最大和最小冲深方位随时间的变化曲线。试验研究发现这一冲刷过程主要特征为:局部冲刷首先发生在桩(侧)前方并逐渐向桩周扩展,而桩后则先发生淤积后再冲刷;水深越大,流速越大,桩后淤积现象持续时间越短,桩周冲刷发展迅速、均匀,但达到稳定所需时间越久;桩周最大、最小冲深点首先分别位于桩的侧前方、桩后区域,随着试验进行会发生转变或波动。  相似文献   

Experimental observations and evaluations of formulae for local scour at pile groups in steady currents     

Fayun Liang  Chen Wang  Maosong Huang  Yu Wang 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2017,35(2):245-255

Bridge scour is recognized as one of the key factors that causes structure failures, which in turn leads to economic and life loss. In this study, flume tests of four typical arrangements of pier groups embedded in sand under steady clear water conditions were carried out to observe the process and maximum depth around piles of scour. The investigation included single pile, tandem piles, side-by-side piles, and 3 × 3 pile groups. Different conditions including different pile spacing, flow velocity, and water depth are considered. Moreover, the evaluation of design methods from the United States, New Zealand, and China was analyzed and compared through experimental and mathematical methods. The experimental results show that shielding and jetting effects are obvious in pile groups, which become less obvious with the increase of pile spacing. The dynamic process of scour around single pile and pile groups are quite different. Meanwhile, most of the predicted scour depths by these equations tend to be much larger than those from field data, which may lead to overdesign and consequently high construction cost. In addition, data from this study and some laboratory experiment data from previous work were used to derive the correction factors of a new scour prediction equation, which can be used to estimate the scour in a sand bed and agree well with the observations.  相似文献   

Local scour prediction around piers with complex geometry     

Ata Amini  Thamer Ahmed Mohammad 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2017,35(6):857-864

A laboratory study of local scour at complex piers under steady clear-water conditions is presented. The term complex piers is used to define a bridge pier comprising of a column, pile cap, and pile group. Comprehensive data over the full range of possible pile cap elevations for complex piers with different geometries were obtained using five complex pier models, which were scaled down from existing bridges in Malaysia. The data are used to evaluate existing methodologies for characterizing the effective width of complex piers with varying pile cap location relative to the undisturbed streambed. The effect of pile cap location on scour depth is also addressed. To improve the predictions of local scour at complex piers, the new data and some previous data are used to propose a new method to predict local scour depth at complex piers.  相似文献