Behaviour of the double concave Friction Pendulum bearing     

Daniel M. Fenz  Michael C. Constantinou 《地震工程与结构动力学》2006,35(11):1403-1424

The double concave Friction Pendulum (DCFP) bearing is an adaptation of the well‐known single concave Friction Pendulum bearing. The principal benefit of the DCFP bearing is its capacity to accommodate substantially larger displacements compared to a traditional FP bearing of identical plan dimensions. Moreover, there is the capability to use sliding surfaces with varying radii of curvature and coefficients of friction, offering the designer greater flexibility to optimize performance. This paper describes the principles of operation of the bearing and presents the development of the force–displacement relationship based on considerations of equilibrium. The theoretical force–displacement relationship is then verified through characterization testing of bearings with sliding surfaces having the same and then different radii of curvature and coefficients of friction. Lastly, some practical considerations for analysis and design of DCFP bearings are presented. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Friction of rocks   总被引：76，自引：0，他引：76  

J. Byerlee 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1978,116(4-5):615-626

Experimental results in the published literature show that at low normal stress the shear stress required to slide one rock over another varies widely between experiments. This is because at low stress rock friction is strongly dependent on surface roughness. At high normal stress that effect is diminished and the friction is nearly independent of rock type. If the sliding surfaces are separated by gouge composed of Montmorillonite or vermiculite the friction can be very low.  相似文献   

Rupture and particle velocity during frictional sliding     

Tracy L. Johnson 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1978,116(4-5):954-963

Summary Laboratory measurements of rupture and particle velocity are in surprisingly good agreement with seismic values, providing further evidence that stick-slip friction is a suitable mechanism for shallow earthquakes. A simple theory is developed to explain the linear relationship observed between average particle velocity and stress drop for stick-slip events. Both stick-slip ruptures and cracks in brittle material commonly propagate at velocities roughly comparable to theS wave velocity of the material. Rupture normally begins relatively slowly and accelerates to a steady velocity in a few centimeters. Observations suggest that stick-slip ruptures can propagate atS wave speeds or occasionally greater and that cracks in pre-stressed glass can also propagate faster than theS waves. Fracture and thus rupture velocity of intact rock specimens is greatly influenced by the inhomogeneous structure of rock. Fracture may be modeled by coalescence of many cracks rather than growth of a single crack.Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Contribution No. 2627.  相似文献   

Revisited Vanoni-Brooks sidewall correction     

Nian-Sheng CHENG  Assoc.Prof 《国际泥沙研究》2011,(4):524-528

The evaluation of the sidewall friction could be inconvenient in the implement of the Vanoni-Brooks sidewall correction procedure.Using the Colebrook-White equation and Nikuradse’s pipe friction data,two explicit formulae are developed in this note for finding the sidewall friction factor.They are applicable for various sidewalls that are either hydrodynamically-smooth or rough,or in the transitional regime.  相似文献   

热带西太平洋海气交换系数订正          下载免费PDF全文

曲维政  李若钝 《应用气象学报》1993,4(2):218-225

在计算海-气感热通量、潜热通量和动量通量时，因气象要素的测量高度不一致而带来的热交换系数cT、蒸发系数cE和摩擦系数 cυ的偏差，给计算结果带来一定的影响。文章介绍一种高度订正方法，对cT、cE、cυ的值加以订正，从而提高了计算准确性。计算结果表明，系数订正后的误差可减小9%—11%。  相似文献   

建筑物出口的人员疏散研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵士达  张楠  赵颖 《震灾防御技术》2015,10(3):639-645

根据建筑物出口疏散的特点,提出了一种改进型的元胞自动机模型。研究了影响人员疏散速度的两个因素:人员之间的相互拥挤产生的冲突和人员移动到出口时由于转弯导致的移动速度减慢。使用数学方法推导得出了摩擦冲突函数和转弯函数。通过计算机仿真与实际疏散实验对比发现,在不考虑转弯因素的情况下,仿真结果与实验结果偏差较大,而在同时考虑相互冲突和转弯因素时的仿真结果与实验结果偏差很小,验证了这两个因素是疏散仿真不可忽略的因素。通过分析仿真结果,验证了本文所采用的模型和函数能够准确地反映实际疏散过程,具有较高的实用价值。  相似文献   

Spherical sliding isolation bearings with adaptive behavior: Theory     

Daniel M. Fenz  Michael C. Constantinou 《地震工程与结构动力学》2008,37(2):163-183

The principles of operation and force–displacement relationships of three novel spherical sliding isolation bearings are developed in this paper. These bearings are completely passive devices, yet exhibit adaptive stiffness and adaptive damping. That is, the stiffness and damping change to predictable values at calculable and controllable displacement amplitudes. The primary benefit of adaptive behavior is that a given isolation system can be separately optimized for multiple performance objectives and/or multiple levels of ground shaking. With the devices presented here, this is accomplished using technology that is inherently no more complex than what is currently used by the civil engineering profession. The internal construction consists of various concave surfaces and behavior is dictated by the different combinations of surfaces upon which sliding can occur over the course of motion. As the surfaces upon which sliding occurs change, the stiffness and effective friction change accordingly. A methodology is presented for determining which surfaces are active at any given time based on the effective radius of curvature, coefficient of friction and displacement capacity of each sliding surface. The force–displacement relationships and relevant parameters of interest are subsequently derived based on the first principles. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Influence of size of granulated rubber and tyre chips on the shear strength characteristics of sand–rubber mix     

P. Anbazhagan  D. R. Manohar  Divyesh Rohit 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2017,12(4):266-278

Use of scrap tyres in isolation systems for seismic damping, requires a knowledge of the engineering properties of sand–rubber mixtures (SRM). The primary objective of this study is to assess the influence of granulated rubber and tyre chips size and the gradation of sand on the strength behaviour of SRM by carrying out large-scale direct shear tests. A large direct shear test has been carried out on SRM considering different granulated rubber and tyre chip sizes and compositions. The following properties were investigated to know the effect of granulated rubber on dry sand; peak shear stress, cohesion, friction angle, secant modulus and volumetric strain. From the experiments, it was determined that the major factors influencing the above-mentioned properties were granulated rubber and tyre chip sizes, percentage of rubber in SRM and the normal stress applied. It was observed that the peak strength was significantly increased with increasing granulated rubber size up to rubber size VI (passing 12.5 mm and retained on 9.5 mm), and by adding granulated rubber up to 30%. This study shows that granulated rubber size VI gives maximum shear strength values at 30% rubber content. It was also found that more uniformly graded sand gives an improved value of shear strength with the inclusion of granulated rubber when compared to poorly graded sand.  相似文献   

白浪覆盖率模式中参量的研究          下载免费PDF全文

于定勇  刘华兴  李晶  李翠琳  徐德伦 《海洋与湖沼》2009,40(1):8-11

在波面位移为正态过程的假定下,推导出一种以平均周期和风速为参量的白浪覆盖率公式W=1-Φ[5.11094[-T/U10]0.7576].依据摩擦风速和U10的表达式,进一步推导出白浪覆盖率依赖于摩擦风速的形式W=1-Φ[0.5227[-T/U]0.7576]].考虑到在实际应用中,经常需要用波龄描述波浪的状态,将白浪覆盖率表示成一种形式简单的波龄的函数W=1-Φ(3.6496ξ0.7576),与Monahan等的海上测量数据符合良好.  相似文献