Absence of interactions between perennial bunchgrasses in a semi-arid temperate savanna: a 5-year field experiment     

Guy R McPherson 《Journal of Arid Environments》1997,36(4):565-570

There is widespread recognition of the importance of long-term experimental studies of plant interactions, but such experiments are rarely conducted. Pairwise interactions between three species of perennial grasses were assessed and described over a 5-year period. Experimental treatments in which some or all neighbors were removed were maintained and plant basal area was monitored throughout the experiment. In addition, above-ground biomass was collected over a 3-year period. Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed no evidence of interactions between plants.  相似文献   

Structural characteristics of the rocks of the Delhi Supergroup with special reference to interference patterns: An appraisal with some examples from Central Rajasthan     

P. K. Gangopadhyay  A. Lahiri 《Journal of Earth System Science》1990,99(2):309-320

The rocks of the Delhi Supergroup, which occur around Barr-Sendra and Phulad-Deogarh regions in Central Rajasthan, show three phases of deformational episodes: (i) phase D₁—tight-to-long limbed isoclinal fold (F₁); phase D₂—open, asymmetric fold (F ₂) controlling the map pattern of the formational boundaries; and (iii) phase D₃—major warps (F₃). Interference between nearly coaxial F₁ and F₂ on northerly axes produced hook-shaped and crescent patterns whereas superimposition of easterly trending F₃ on F₂ produced dome-and-basin patterns. The thermal peak was achieved during the second phase of deformation when the rocks were constructively metamorphozed and granites (850−750 m.y.), late synkinematic with respect to second phase of deformation, were emplaced. The sequence of deformation and the structural pattern of the rocks of the Delhi Supergroup in Central Rajasthan strikingly resemble those in northeastern Rajasthan. Structurally the characteristics of the Delhi Supergroup as verified in the entire region from NE to Central Rajasthan are: (a) the same sequence of development of folds, F₁, F₂ and F₃, interspersed with nearly identical phases of recrystallization, (b) hook-shaped interference pattern due to near-coaxial refolding of F₁ by F₂, and (c) variation in axial plunge of F₂ resulting in culminations and depressions. Lastly, phases of the recrystallization history indicates little time gap between F₁ and F₂, and a considerable gap between F₂ and F₃.  相似文献   

航空放射性测量中的一项重要工作—飞机改装     

刘宜铬 《铀矿地质》1990,6(1):41-47

为了发挥航测仪器的性能和提高测量精度,用于航空放射性测量的飞机必须进行必要的改装,改装工作除了保证航测仪器安装可靠、牢固之外,还要使飞机对仪器的磁干扰,放射性干扰和电干扰降低到允许的水平。本文对运五和运十二飞机存在的干扰情况进行了讨论,并就如何消除这些干扰提出了切合实际的改装方案。  相似文献   

草酸铵为基体改进剂石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定碳酸盐岩中的痕量银     

徐国栋  金斌  葛建华  董俊  程江 《岩矿测试》2016,35(2):134-137

目前采用酸溶分解试样,以硫脲或磷酸氢二铵为基体改进剂,应用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)可以直接测定各类地质样品中的痕量银;但应用于测定碳酸盐岩中的痕量银时,基体元素钙镁会产生干扰,同时影响石墨管的使用寿命。本文采用盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸四酸溶样,硝酸提取,以草酸铵(45.5 g/L)作基体改进剂,试液中的钙镁与草酸铵快速反应生成白色沉淀物而分离,并形成了具有挥发性的铵盐介质环境,可显著提高石墨炉的灰化温度进一步除去铵盐介质,从而消除了基体元素的各种影响。本方法操作简单,经国家标准物质验证,其测定值与标准值的相对偏差均小于10%,检出限为0.010μg/g,精密度(RSD,n=12)小于1.0%。本方法不仅分离了干扰基体,而且比前人采用的一米光栅发射光谱法的检出限(0.04μg/g)更低。  相似文献   

Elimination of Interferences in the Determination of Palladium,Platinum and Rhodium Mass Fractions in Moss Samples using ICP‐MS/MS          下载免费PDF全文

Terhi Suoranta  Syed N. H. Bokhari  Thomas Meisel  Matti Niemelä  Paavo Perämäki 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2016,40(4):559-569

Moss samples (Pleurozium schreberi) exposed to traffic‐related emission of Pd, Pt and Rh were analysed in this study. Successful elimination of interferences was achieved in the determination of Pd, Pt and Rh mass fractions in these samples using inductively coupled plasma‐tandem mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS/MS). Based on the results, a reliable determination of Pd, Pt and Rh mass fractions in microwave‐digested moss samples was obtained using ammonia (10% NH₃ in He) in the collision/reaction cell when ¹⁰³Rh was measured either on‐mass (103→103) or with mass‐shift (103→171) and mass‐shifts for ¹⁰⁸Pd (108→159) and ¹⁹⁵Pt (195→229) were used. The ICP‐MS/MS procedure was validated using BCR‐723 (road dust) as a reference material. In addition, a good agreement between the ICP‐MS/MS results and the results obtained with cloud point extraction and quadrupole ICP‐MS was observed for the moss samples.  相似文献   

Accurate Acoustic Signal Parameter Estimation for Marine Geodesy Surveys     

Liang Zhang  Jidan Mei  Adam Zielinski  Ping Cai 《Marine Geodesy》2016,39(1):77-97

Acoustic signal parameter estimation is important for diverse marine geodesy surveys and several other applications. However, the received signal from a far-field target characterized by planar wavefront propagation is frequently affected by strong nearby interfering signals. Their presence deteriorates the performance of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for far-field target. In order to enhance the reception of signal from far-field target, the near-field/far-field (NFFF) beamformer is proposed. Such a beamformer optimizes beam pattern for far-field detection by maximizing beamformer output in the direction of the far-field target with the imposed condition to eliminate interfering signals generated in near-field locations. As the interference suppression only occurs at the position of near-field interference, a possible blind zone for far-field detection in conventional methods is not created. The NFFF beamformer is applicable for coherent signals and the scenario with multi interferences. For stationary situation where interferers locations are fixed, the NFFF beamformer computations do not require time updates with associated computational load. Furthermore the proposed method can be extended to several new situations such as acoustic monitoring performed from a stationary platform subjected to water currents, waves, winds and other variables, all of them generating nearby interferences and also to different array configurations including 2D and 3D arrays.  相似文献   

Predator-Prey Interaction between two Competing Sea Star Species of the Genus Astropecten     

Paul H.  Schmid Rolf  Schaerer 《Marine Ecology》1981,2(3):207-214

Abstract. The predator-prey interaction between two sea star species of the genus Astropecten known to be competitors was investigated at Costa Colostrai, Sardinia, Italy by means of SCUBA-Diving. It was estimated that predation of A. aranciacus would eliminate about 1 % of the prey population of A. bispinosus daily. Because densities of A. bispinosus were observed to be unaltered during the summer months, a considerable immigration of A. bispinosus into the area has to be postulated. A. bispinosus represents 40% of the dry organic matter consumed by A. aranciacus , and is one of the most important food items of this species.
A. aranciacus is not more efficient in preying upon A. bispinosus than in preying upon other food items; but efficiency is greater upon buried sea stars than upon walking ones.
Consequences for stability of the local ecosystem are discussed.  相似文献   

Underwater Acoustic Communication Based on Pattern Time Delay Shift Coding Scheme   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

殷敬伟  惠俊英惠娟姚直象  王逸林 《中国海洋工程》2006,20(3):499-508

1 .Introduction Underwater acoustic (UWA) communicationis a fast developingfield,and its applicationis notlimitedto military affairs ,but is also extendinginto commercial fields .Catipovic (1990) ,Stojanovic(1996) and Kilfoyle and Baggeroer (2000) pointed…  相似文献   

简正波耦合机理与(广义)射线-简正波转换     

王宁  刘进忠  吴德星 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2004,34(5):821-825

结合广义射线 简正波转换、声场强度干涉结构研究了简正波耦合机理。给出了 1种简正波前向耦合矩阵的近似表示形式 ;引入“介质虚像”技法和图解法 ,讨论了简正波耦合的直观物理图象。证明简正波耦合强弱由声场强度干涉结构和环境扰动所决定 ,并解释了一些文献中描述的现象。利用“介质虚像”技法 ,给出了时间反转镜技术原理的简明解释。  相似文献   

On the echo interference in sound backscattering by densely aggregated targets     

Gorska  Natalia; Chu  Dezhang 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2005,62(4):771-778

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