山区公路滑坡灾害问题及对策分析--以云南元(江)磨(黑)高速公路为例   总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4  

苏生瑞  孙芳强  吴华金  刘汝民  刘红卫 《工程地质学报》2005,13(3):340-345

随着西部公路建设的蓬勃发展,越来越多的高等级公路必须穿越山区丘陵地带,这样必然导致大量的公路滑坡的出现,危及公路的正常运行及安全。本文以云南元(江)磨(黑)高速公路为例,在分析公路沿线自然环境条件及地质构造条件等的基础上,研究公路沿线的地质灾害的特点及危害,重点研究公路沿线所发育的滑坡的分布特征、危害、形成机制及整治对策和措施。研究表明,山区公路滑坡不仅与滑坡发育的工程地质条件有关,而且与工程设计方案及公路建设过程施工方案等人为因素有关。  相似文献   

地形可视化的进展与评述   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

詹发新 《北京测绘》2004,(2):8-11,23

地形可视化由于具有越来越广泛的用途,越来越多地引起了大家的关注。在简要论述科学可视化、地形可视化定义及其研究内容的基础上,着重讨论了当前地形可视化的表达手段、可视化建模与技术、可视化生成工具、实时地形生成等方面的研究现状及存在的问题,最后对可视化的应用前景和发展趋势进行了展望。  相似文献   

Sensitivity study of the seasonal mean circulation in the northern South China Sea   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

宏波  王东晓 《大气科学进展》2008,25(5):824-840

A study of the circulation in the northern South China Sea （SCS） is carried out with the aid of a three-dimensional, high-resolution regional ocean model. One control and two sensitivity experiments are performed to qualitatively investigate the effects of surface wind forcing, Kuroshio intrusion, and bottom topographic influence on the circulation in the northern SCS. The model results show that a branch of the Kuroshio in the upper layer can intrude into the SCS and have direct influence on the circulation over the continental shelf break in the northern SCS. There are strong southward pressure gradients along a zonal belt largely seaward of the continental slope. The pressure gradients are opposite in the southern and northern parts of the Luzon Strait, indicating inflow and outflow through the strait, respectively. The sensitivity experiments suggest that the Kuroshio intrusion is responsible for generating the imposed pressure head along the shelf break and has no obvious seasonal variations. The lateral forcing through the Luzon Strait and Taiwan Strait can induce the southwestward slope current and the northeastward SCS Warm Current in the northern SCS. Without the lateral forcing, there is the continental slope. The wind forcing mainly causes the The wind-induced water pile-up results in the southward no high-pressure-gradient zonal belt seaward of seasonal variation of the circulation in the SCS. high pressure gradient along the northwestern boundary of the basin. Without the blocking of the plateau around Dongsha Islands, the intruded Kuroshio tends to extend northwest and the SCS branch of the Kuroshio becomes wider and stronger. The analyses presented here are qualitative in nature but should lead to a better understanding of the oceanic responses in the northern SCS to these external influence factors.  相似文献   

Impact of Ocean Mean Dynamic Topography on Satellite Data Assimilation     

F. BIROL  J. M. BRANKART  F. CASTRUCCIO  P. BRASSEUR  J. VERRON 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(1-2):59-78

The response of an eddy-permitting ocean model to changes imposed by the use of different mean dynamic topographies (MDT) is analyzed in a multivariate assimilation context, allowing the evaluation of this impact, not only on the surface circulation, but also on the interior ocean representation. The assimilation scheme is a reduced-order sequential Kalman filter (SEEK). In a first set of experiments, high resolution sea surface temperature, along-track sea surface height and sea surface salinity from climatology are assimilated into a 1/3° resolution North and Tropical Atlantic version of the HYCOM model. In a second experiment, in situ profile data are assimilated in addition to the surface measurements.

The first set of experiments illustrates that important differences in the representation of the horizontal model circulation pattern are related to differences in the MDT used. The objective of assimilation is to improve the representation of the 3D ocean state. However, the imperfect representation of the mean dynamic topography appears to be an important limiting factor with regard to the degree of realism obtained in the simulated flow.

Vertical temperature and salinity profiles are key observations to drive a general circulation ocean model toward a more realistic state. The second set of experiments shows that assimilating them in addition to sea surface measurements is a far from trivial exercise. A specific difficulty is due to inconsistencies between the dynamic topography diagnosed from in situ observations and that diagnosed from sea surface height. These two fields obtained from different data sources do not contain exactly the same information. In order to overcome this difficulty, a strategy is proposed and validated.  相似文献   

Traveling wavefront ray tracing and its applications     

Irene Fischer 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(2):165-175

The current discussion of whether marine geodesy is something entirely new or part of oceanography or geodesy can be clarified by re‐examining our notions about the basic business of geodesy. This paper contends that the same basic geodetic services, which were needed for millenia to chart and control new territory, are being adapted now to the marine environment to suit modern accuracy standards. In a brief historical review it is shown that conceptually, the oceanic regions were always an integral part of geodetic concern. The oceans were certainly part of the world for the ancient map makers and for Pythagoras’ spherical earth model. Notions connected with the marine geoid were implied in ancient speculations. Distances and directions at sea, even depths, were determined to meet the requirements of the times. With the modern sophistication in geodetic theory and measuring techniques, these ideas became more refined and demanding in turn, but they were there all the time. For obvious reasons, land geodesy developed faster; marine geodesy will catch up now, because only now there is the technical capability and also an urgent economic motivation.  相似文献   

Improving the Coastal Mean Dynamic Topography by Geodetic Combination of Tide Gauge and Satellite Altimetry     

Ole Baltazar Andersen  Karina Nielsen  Per Knudsen  Chris W. Hughes  Rory Bingham  Luciana Fenoglio-Marc 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(6):517-545

Abstract

The ocean mean dynamic topography (MDT) is the surface representation of the ocean circulation. The MDT may be determined by the ocean approach, which involves temporal averaging of numerical ocean circulation model information, or by the geodetic approach, wherein the MDT is derived using the ellipsoidal height of the mean sea surface (MSS), or mean sea level (MSL) minus the geoid as the geoid. The ellipsoidal height of the MSS might be estimated either by satellite or coastal tide gauges by connecting the tide gauge datum to the Earth-centred reference frame. In this article we present a novel approach to improve the coastal MDT, where the solution is based on both satellite altimetry and tide gauge data using new set of 302 tide gauges with ellipsoidal heights through the SONEL network. The approach was evaluated for the Northeast Atlantic coast where a dense network of GNSS-surveyed tide gauges is available. The typical misfit between tide gauge and satellite or oceanographic MDT was found to be around 9?cm. This misfit was found to be mainly due to small scale geoid errors. Similarly, we found, that a single tide gauge places only weak constraints on the coastal dynamic topography.  相似文献   

Major Features of Topography,Geology, and Crustal Stability in the Taiwan Strait: A Scientific Approach to the Problem of the Taiwan Strait Tunnel Project     

《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(3-4):121-138

This article discusses briefly the major features of topography, geology, and crustal stability of the possible Taiwan Strait Tunnel Project (TST Project) area. Any one route of the conceived TST Project is larger than either of the English Channel Tunnel or the Seikan submarine Tunnel (Japan) by at least three times in length, and the topographic and geologic conditions are rather more complex and complicated than those of the former two projects. Moreover, the Taiwan Strait is a seismic risk area. Hence, the selection of the route of the submarine tunnel should take advantage of the favorable conditions in the topographic, geologic, seismologic, and other fields to avoid the unfavorable circumstances. At the end of the article, two supposed by comparable routes, especially the south one of TST Project are discussed.  相似文献   

三维海底晕渲图绘制方法探究     

魏金桃  方强飞  齐永刚 《海洋测绘》2013,33(1):60-62

根据地貌晕渲图的制作方法,结合海洋地理数据实际情况,探讨了三维海底晕渲图的制作方法;并将此方法应用于海洋基础地理数据相关项目——地理实体图集的制作。采用ArcGIS软件实现了计算机自动制作三维海底晕渲图的全过程,从最终成果可以看出平面成果图和立体成果图都富有很强立体感,这使人们对海底地形有直观认识,应用将更方便。  相似文献   

1013号台风“鲇鱼”风暴潮特点分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱本璐 《海洋预报》2013,30(3)

1013号超强台风“鲇鱼”在福建漳浦县登陆.登陆时逢农历九月十六的天文高潮,给闽南沿海地区造成了较大的灾害.本文从台风路径特点及灾害、天气形势、与历史相似台风(9914号)对比、数值模拟等方面对此次台风引起的风暴潮过程进行分析得出:进行历史台风相似分析时,除了台风本身路径、强度、移速等参数之外,还要注意分析台风的季节时间,天气形势,登陆地点,这些都会造成台风增水的明显不同;台风登陆后,受地形和降水影响,有时增水也会持续增大几小时.  相似文献   

渤海辽东湾区海底地形分区特征和成因研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

栾振东  李泽文  范奉鑫  阎军  庄丽华 《海洋科学》2012,36(1):73-80

为了探明辽东湾区海底地形,通过测深系统对辽东湾区海底地形进行了高进度、全覆盖测量,进而根据地形起伏特点对辽东湾区海底地形进行了分区,并分析了影响辽东湾地形发育的主要因素。结果表明:辽东湾区海底地形分为5个子区,地形发育受地质构造、水动力来源和沉积物供应的复合影响。  相似文献