Jet drop enrichment of bacteria,virus, and dissolved organic material     

Duncan C. Blanchard 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1978,116(2-3):302-308

Four parameters that control the enrichment of bacteria in jet drops are bubble scavenging, drop size, drop position in the jet set, and the type of bacteria. Without the scavenging of bacteria as a bubble rises through the water it is doubtful that the observed enrichment factors, EF, greater than 1000 could be obtained. There is a maximum in EF as a function of top jet drop size, and the EF decreases from the top to the bottom drop of the jet set. The efficiency by which bubbles scavenge bacteria varies with species. Presumably these parameters apply in some degree to the EF of virus in jet drops. Dissolved organic material in natural waters can adsorb to bubbles and contribute to a large EF in jet drops, but there is a feedback mechanism whereby changes in bubble surface free energy modify the jet drop-size distribution. However, there is reason to believe this will not significantly influence the jet drop-size distribution produced by bubbles in the sea.  相似文献   

Untersuchung von drei Grundwasserwerken auf Vorkommen von Acanthamoeben,Naeglerien und anderen freilebenden Amöben     

R. Michel  R. Hoffmann  A. Giese  K.-D. Müller 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1995,23(5):202-211

Prevalence of Acanthamoebae, Naegleriae and Other Free-living Amoebae in the Course of Water Treatment in Three Well Waterworks Numerous species of free-living amoebae and other protozoa had been observed in the raw water of three representative waterworks with enriched well water. They were eliminated most effectively during the water treatment procedure. Acanthamoebae and Naegleriae including thermophilic strains of these genera could not be identified in any of the clear water samples. Acanthamoebae and Vannellae isolated from different samples exhibited repeatedly intracellular infections with bacteria of the genus Cytophaga. Their role as possible hosts of different pathogenic and non pathogenic bacteria like Legionella sp., Listeria sp., and Pseudomonas sp. is confirmed by this observation. As known from earlier findings in connection with the Acanthamoeba-Legionella model, it can be assumed, that bacteria multiplying in trophozoites or being enclosed in cysts are protected against high concentrations of chlorine and other biocides.  相似文献   

刺参肠道与养殖池塘环境中异养细菌和弧菌数量周年变化     

李彬  荣小军  廖梅杰  张正  王印庚  王岚  刘智超  薛太山 《海洋科学》2012,36(4):63-67

2008年9月~2009年10月,对刺参肠道与养殖环境中异养细菌和弧菌周年变化进行了初步研究。结果表明:刺参肠道与养殖环境中(水体、底泥、附着基)异养细菌数(HPC)、弧菌数(VBC)均呈现出明显的季节变化,肠道中HPC、VBC分别为1.85×105~2.17×109CFU/g、4.1×104~2.2×108CFU/g,水体中HPC、VBC分别为90~4.67×105CFU/mL、0~5.3×103CFU/mL,底泥中HPC、VBC分别为9.80×104~6.72×106CFU/g、1.01×104~5.75×105CFU/g,附着基中HPC、VBC分别为2.78×105~2.57×107CFU/g、4.6×104~1.31×107CFU/g,夏、秋两季细菌总数较高,冬、春低温季节细菌数量显著下降。通过VBC与HPC的比值可以看出,在冬、春季细菌总数较低的季节,弧菌与异养细菌数量比例较高,最高值达到:43.8%、43.2%,通过对优势菌的分离鉴定,冬、春两季灿烂弧菌(Vibrio splendidus)均占优势,这可能是造成冬、春两季刺参发病的诱因之一。本文通过研究刺参肠道与养殖环境中异养细菌和弧菌的变化规律,以期为刺参的健康养殖提供有益参考。  相似文献   

Nitrification in a Model Distribution System Fed with Reclaimed Water from a Wastewater Treatment Plant          下载免费PDF全文

Yi Wang  Li Ke  Li‐Ying Pei  Li‐Yan Fan  Ya‐Ping Nan  Dang‐Cong Peng  Si‐Qing Xia 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2016,44(3):263-271

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Water quality in the Dickinson Bayou watershed (Texas, Gulf of Mexico) and health issues     

Antonietta Quigg  Linda Broach  Winston Denton  Roger Miranda 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(6):896-904

The Dickinson Bayou watershed (near Houston, Texas, Gulf of Mexico) provides habitat for numerous coastally influenced communities of wildlife, including scores of birds and fish. Encroaching development and impervious surfaces are altering the habitat and degrading water quality. Herein we have defined the current health of the bayou using water quality data collected between 2000 and 2006. Elevated bacteria (fecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus) and depressed dissolved oxygen concentrations (often <3 mg l⁻¹) are the two major impairments to this ecosystem. While nutrient ratios indicate primary productivity may be nitrogen limited, concerns of eutrophication persist because the bayou has a low intrinsic flushing rate. Consistent with this is the magnitude of algal blooms (ca. 100 μg chl l⁻¹) which often occur in spring/summer. The findings of this study will assist with the understanding of the influence of urban development on small watersheds.  相似文献   

Bacterial flora and antibiotic resistance from eggs of green turtles Chelonia mydas: An indication of polluted effluents     

Saif Al-Bahry  Ibrahim Mahmoud  Asila Al-Harthy  Issa Al-Amri 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(5):720-725

Sea turtles migrate to various habitats where they can be exposed to different pollutants. Bacteria were collected from turtle eggs and their resistance to antibiotics was used as pollutant bio-indicators of contaminated effluents. Eggs were collected randomly from turtles when they were laying their eggs. A total of 90 eggs were collected and placed into sterile plastic bags (3 eggs/turtle) during June-December of 2003. The bacteria located in the eggshell, albumen and yolk were examined, and 42% of the eggs were contaminated with 10 genera of bacteria. Pseudomonas spp. were the most frequent isolates. The albumen was found to be the part of the egg to be the least contaminated by bacterial infection. Bacterial isolates tested with 14 antibiotics showed variations in resistance. Resistance to ampicillin was the highest. The presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in eggs indicates that the green turtle populations were subjected to polluted effluents during some of their migratory routes and feeding habitats. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that Salmonella typhimurium penetrated all eggshell layers.  相似文献   

来自大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)肠道的弧菌拮抗菌的筛选与鉴定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王娟  封永辉  蔡立胜  王建  曲宪成  张庆华 《海洋与湖沼》2010,41(5):707-713

采用点种法并以副溶血弧菌(Vp1.2164)和溶藻弧菌(Va-Y)为弧菌指示菌,对从健康的大黄鱼肠道内分离的115株细菌进行体外拮抗试验。并对筛选出的拮抗菌进行抗菌谱测定,最后利用VITEK-32细菌快速鉴定系统和16SrRNA基因序列对拮抗菌进行鉴定。结果表明,从中筛选到3株有较强拮抗作用的菌株,编号分别为X1402-1、X1108和X3914,且菌株X1402-1的抗菌作用最强,抗菌谱最广,21株病原指示菌中,对16株均能产生较强的抑制作用,其中对Vp-1.2164的抑菌直径最大,达到28.5mm,对Va-Y的抑菌直径为8.7mm;其次为菌株X1108和X3914,对两种指示弧菌的抑菌直径分别为:12.0mm、9.0mm和0mm、7.2mm。经VITEK-32细菌快速鉴定系统鉴定,3株拮抗菌分别与铜绿假单胞菌,恶臭假单胞菌,地衣芽孢杆菌的相似性均为99%。通过16SrRNA基因序列分析表明,3株拮抗菌分别与类产碱假单胞菌Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes(EU419918)、恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomon asputida(FJ440105)和地衣芽孢杆菌Bacillus licheniformis(DQ988136)的16SrRNA基因同源性最高,分别为100.0%、97.5%、99.0%。综合分析试验结果,X1402-1、X1108和X3914分别被确定为类产碱假单胞菌、恶臭假单胞菌和地衣芽孢杆菌。  相似文献