Landscape controls on long‐term runoff in subhumid heterogeneous Boreal Plains catchments          下载免费PDF全文

Kevin J. Devito  Kelly J. Hokanson  Paul Adrian Moore  Nicholas Kettridge  Axel E. Anderson  Laura Chasmer  Chris Hopkinson  Maxwell C. Lukenbach  Carl A. Mendoza  Julienne Morissette  Daniel L. Peters  Richard Michael Petrone  Uldis Silins  Brian Smerdon  James Michael Waddington 《水文研究》2017,31(15):2737-2751

We compared median runoff (R) and precipitation (P) relationships over 25 years from 20 mesoscale (50 to 5,000 km²) catchments on the Boreal Plains, Alberta, Canada, to understand controls on water sink and source dynamics in water‐limited, low‐relief northern environments. Long‐term catchment R and runoff efficiency (RP^?1) were low and varied spatially by over an order of magnitude (3 to 119 mm/year, 1 to 27%). Intercatchment differences were not associated with small variations in climate. The partitioning of P into evapotranspiration (ET) and R instead reflected the interplay between underlying glacial deposit texture, overlying soil‐vegetation land cover, and regional slope. Correlation and principal component analyses results show that peatland‐swamp wetlands were the major source areas of water. The lowest estimates of median annual catchment ET (321 to 395 mm) and greatest R (60 to 119 mm, 13 to 27% of P) were observed in low‐relief, peatland‐swamp dominated catchments, within both fine‐textured clay‐plain and coarse‐textured glacial deposits. In contrast, open‐water wetlands and deciduous‐mixedwood forest land covers acted as water sinks, and less catchment R was observed with increases in proportional coverage of these land covers. In catchments dominated by hummocky moraines, long‐term runoff was restricted to 10 mm/year, or 2% of P. This reflects the poor surface‐drainage networks and slightly greater regional slope of the fine‐textured glacial deposit, coupled with the large soil‐water and depression storage and higher actual ET of associated shallow open‐water marsh wetland and deciduous‐forest land covers. This intercatchment study enhances current conceptual frameworks for predicting water yield in the Boreal Plains based on the sink and source functions of glacial landforms and soil‐vegetation land covers. It offers the capability within this hydro‐geoclimatic region to design reclaimed catchments with desired hydrological functionality and associated tolerances to climate or land‐use changes and inform land management decisions based on effective catchment‐scale conceptual understanding.  相似文献   

Disturbance,Trait Similarities,and Trait Advantages Facilitate the Invasion Success of Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.     

《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2017,45(9)

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Evaluation of NLDAS‐2 evapotranspiration against tower flux site observations          下载免费PDF全文

Youlong Xia  Michael T. Hobbins  Qiaozhen Mu  Michael B. Ek 《水文研究》2015,29(7):1757-1771

The North American Land Data Assimilation System project phase 2 (NLDAS‐2) has run four land surface models for a 30‐year (1979–2008) retrospective period. Land surface evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the most important model outputs from NLDAS‐2 for investigating land–atmosphere interaction or to monitor agricultural drought. Here, we evaluate hourly ET using in situ observations over the Southern Great Plains (Atmospheric Radiation Measurement/Cloud and Radiation Testbed network) for 1 January 1997–30 September 1999 and daily ET u‐sing in situ observations at the AmeriFlux network over the conterminous USA for an 8‐year period (2000–2007). The NLDAS‐2 models compare well against observations, with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction's Noah land surface model performing best, followed, in order, by the Variable Infiltration Capacity, Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting, and Mosaic models. Daily evaluation across the AmeriFlux network shows that for all models, performance depends on season and vegetation type; they do better in spring and fall than in winter or summer and better for deciduous broadleaf forest and grasslands than for croplands or evergreen needleleaf forest. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

胶东焦家特大型金矿床深、浅部矿体特征对比   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  

宋明春  宋英昕  崔书学  姜洪利  袁文花  王化江 《矿床地质》2011,30(5):923-932

焦家特大型金矿床由以往提交的焦家金矿床、马塘金矿床、寺庄金矿床和近年来发现的寺庄深部金矿床、马塘深部金矿床、焦家深部金矿床组成,金资源储量大于600吨.该矿床由4个矿体群组成,深部矿体有306个.深部Ⅰ-1号、Ⅱ-1号和Ⅰ-12号主矿体相互平行且在水平投影图上部分叠合,深部Ⅰ-12号、Ⅰ号主矿体与浅部Ⅰ号、1号主矿体相...  相似文献   

廊坊地区土壤重金属污染程度评价   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

蔡奎  栾文楼  李超  陈智贤  谷海峰  宋泽峰 《物探与化探》2011,35(5):675-679

利用河北省多目标地球化学调查资料,研究了廊坊地区表层土壤中重金属元素As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb的富集特征与污染程度.与我国土壤元素背景值相比,廊坊地区表层土壤中Hg的富集系数较大;与研究区元素背景值相比,Cd、Hg富集系数较大,富集程度依次为Hg＞ Cd＞ Pb＞ Cr＞ As.地积累指数污染评价结果表明,以全国土壤...  相似文献   

新疆小于赞金矿流体包裹体分析及与加曼特和阿希金矿的比较     

郑子军 《地质与勘探》2015,51(1):53-60

新疆小于赞金矿床石英中存在富液相气液两相包裹体、富气相气液两相包裹体和纯液相包裹体。包裹体均一温度为108~237℃,主要集中在130~180℃。测得的冰点温度范围为-0.1~-6℃,对应的盐度为0.18~9.21 wt%Na Cleqv,密度范围在0.82~1.04 g/cm3,在分析的过程中所测得的数据包括均一温度、冰点温度以及密度都在较低值区域分布。通过阿希金矿、加曼特金矿进行了系统的比较分析,认为小于赞金矿可能属于中低温低盐度低密度热液型矿床。  相似文献   

Expanding the Wilson Cycle Based on Worldwide Comparison of Continental Structures Revealed by Lithospheric Geophysical Investigations     

YANG Wencai 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(2):327-331

Worldwide comparison of lithospheric investigation results achieved from projects of COCORP,BIRPS,DEKORP,LITHOPROBE,ICDP,ECORS and SINOPROBE enables us to expand the classical Wilson cycle,which mainly describes evolution of ocean plates,into a complete and detailed cycle that describes generation,development and evolution of both ocean and continent plates. The expanded Wilson cycle presented in this paper introduces the evolution sequences of continental lithospheric processes by adding into the classical Wilson cycle with ocean-continent transition,continental collision and accretion,as well as continental rifting and splitting in details. These mentioned continental lithospheric processes have been presented by the author in a series of recent review papers in detail,and their summary and further deduction is presented in this paper.  相似文献   

2011年江苏南部两场大暴雨对比分析     

王啸华  郑媛媛  徐芬  李杨  侯俊 《气象科学》2015,35(4):497-505

利用高分辨率的加密气象自动站资料、FY2D卫星资料、多普勒雷达资料、常规观测资料以及6 h 1次的NCEP再分析资料等,对2011年6月18日和2011年7月18日江苏地区分别发生在梅雨期开始阶段和结束阶段的两场暴雨进行中尺度天气系统演变和雷达回波参数等特征的对比分析。结果表明:(1)6月18日的天气形势是典型的梅雨期降水形势,在梅雨锋附近产生了区域性暴雨。水汽输送主要是对流层中低层的西南暖湿气流。7月18日的局地暴雨则是出现在低压倒槽顶端右侧的偏东气流中。(2)两次暴雨过程强降水发生前都存在对流层低层辐合快速增强的过程。7月18日暴雨强降水发生前散度值下降则更为迅速。(3)两次暴雨过程中强降水区都出现在地面辐合系统附近的东北气流中,且随着地面辐合系统移动。(4)两次暴雨过程都出现了T_BB低于-62℃的强对流云团。(5)6月18日,与多个线性排列的"逆风区"对应的强回波中心形成了"列车效应";7月18日,对流回波带上单体不断流入,在低空急流左前端合并成团状强对流区,分别是形成两次暴雨的重要原因。  相似文献   

便携式高频地波雷达台湾海峡浪高观测   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

ZHOU Hao  ROARTY Hugh  WEN Biyang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(1):73-78

As an important equipment for sea state remote sensing, high frequency surface wave radar(HFSWR) has received more and more attention. The conventional method for wave height inversion is based on the ratio of the integration of the second-order spectral continuum to that of the first-order region, where the strong external noise and the incorrect delineation of the first- and second-order Doppler spectral regions due to spectral aliasing are two major sources of errors in the wave height. To account for these factors, two more indices are introduced to the wave height estimation, i.e., the ratio of the maximum power of the second-order continuum to that of the Bragg spectral region(RSCB) and the ratio of the power of the second harmonic peak to that of the Bragg peak(RSHB). Both indices also have a strong correlation with the underlying wave height. On the basis of all these indices an empirical model is proposed to estimate the wave height. This method has been used in a three-months long experiment of the ocean state measuring and analyzing radar, type S(OSMAR-S), which is a portable HFSWR with compact cross-loop/monopole receive antennas developed by Wuhan University since 2006. During the experiment in the Taiwan Strait, the significant wave height varied from 0 to 5 m. The significant wave heights estimated by the OSMAR-S correlate well with the data provided by the Oceanweather Inc. for comparison, with a correlation coefficient of 0.74 and a root mean square error(RMSE) of 0.77 m. The proposed method has made an effective improvement to the wave height estimation and thus a further step toward operational use of the OSMAR-S in the wave height extraction.  相似文献   

2009年冬、夏季南海北部超微型浮游生物的分布特征及其环境相关分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

乐凤凤  蔡昱明  孙军  郝锵  刘诚刚  翟红昌  陈建芳 《海洋学报》2015,37(12):41-55

2009年2月(冬季)和8月(夏季)在南海北部海域(nSCS)采用流式细胞术对聚球藻、原绿球藻、超微型光合真核生物3类超微型光合浮游生物和异养浮游细菌的丰度和碳生物量的时空分布特征进行了研究,并分析了其与环境因子之间的关系。结果表明,夏季聚球藻和原绿球藻的平均丰度高于冬季,超微型光合真核生物和异养浮游细菌的丰度反之,为冬季高于夏季。聚球藻、超微型光合真核生物和异养浮游细菌在富营养的近岸陆架海域丰度较高,而原绿球藻高丰度则出现在陆坡开阔海域。在垂直分布上,聚球藻主要分布在跃层以上,跃层以下丰度迅速降低;原绿球藻高丰度主要出现在真光层底部;超微型光合真核生物在水层中的高值同样出现在真光层底部,且与Pico级份叶绿素a浓度分布一致;异养浮游细菌在水体中的分布与聚球藻类似。这些分布格局的差异,取决于环境条件的变化和4类超微型浮游生物生态生理适应性的差异。在超微型光合浮游生物群落中,各类群碳生物量的贡献因季节和海域类型的不同而发生变化:聚球藻在夏季近岸陆架区占超微型光合浮游生物总碳生物量的41%,原绿球藻在陆坡开阔海成为主要贡献者(50%),超微型光合真核生物碳生物量以冬季为高(在近岸陆架区占比68%)。冬、夏季异养浮游细菌碳生物量均高于超微型光合浮游生物碳生物量。  相似文献