Main technical innovations of Songke Well No.2 Drilling Project     

《China Geology》2018,1(2):187-201

Songke Well No.2, one of the main part of the scientific drilling project in Songliao Basin, which was drilled 7018 m and acquired the part of cores continuously from the Low Cretaceous to the Carboniferous and the Permian from the 2843 m deep, can be considered as the deepest continental drilling project in Asia. Aiming at the features of longer well sections, larger diameters and multiple spud-ins for coring of Songke Well No.2, this project broke through the “coring in small diameter and reaming in large diameter” spud-in drilling-completion procedures which are always used in large-diameter-well coring for continental scientific drilling projects in domestic and overseas and the drilling method of short-single-cylinder roundtrip footage. At the same time, “coring in the same diameter and completing drilling at one single diameter” was achieved at all φ311 mm and φ216 mm coring sections of more than one thousand meters long, high-efficient operation with “drilling long footage with drill tools combined in multi-cylinders” was achieved at deep coring section. Four world drilling records were created which include more than a thousand meters continuous coring at φ311 mm, and the footage per roundtrip footage at φ311 mm, φ216 mm and φ152 mm is all more than 30 m, all of these breakthroughs reduced at least 300 days for this project; moreover, considering the characteristics of formations that the geothermal gradient is high in the drilled sections and the inside-well temperature is over 240°C after drilling completion, a formate-polymer water-based mud system was developed by compounding attapulgite and sodium bentonite and by adding independently developed high-temperature stabilizer, which can provide critical technical support for successful well completion at 7018 m in the super-high-temperature environment It is the first time that the water-based mud is operated at the working temperature higher than 240°C in China; Besides, considering the high-quality requirement on cores imposed by the project, the method “mechanical cored is charge” to discharge core nondestructively on the ground was worked out, and more than 4000 m scatheless cores were discharged out of the drill pipes while maintaining original stratum structures.  相似文献   

美国退出《巴黎协定》对全球温室气体排放的影响     

苏鑫  滕飞 《气候变化研究进展》2019,15(1):74-83

现有研究表明美国退出《巴黎协定》将会在2025年导致其国内排放增加约1.2 Gt CO₂-eq,然而美国退出《巴黎协定》对全球气候治理的影响不仅限于此,还包括资金效应、政治效应,以及惯性效应等对全球排放的间接和长期影响。本文通过构建体现不同效应的全球温室气体排放情景,分析了美国退出《巴黎协定》后对全球温室气体排放可能造成的不同影响。结果表明,美国退出《巴黎协定》的自身效应、资金效应、对伞形国家的政治效应和对发展中国家的政治效应,将分别导致全球2030年的年温室气体净排放量(扣除碳汇吸收量后的温室气体排放量)上升2.0、1.0、1.0和1.9 Gt CO₂-eq,并导致全球2015—2100年的累计排放量分别上升246.9、145.3、102.0和270.2 Gt CO₂-eq。为防止美国退出《巴黎协定》的不利影响进一步扩大,中国应积极引领全球气候治理制度的建设与发展,与各国紧密合作全面平衡地推进《巴黎协定》的落实和实施。  相似文献   

单多普勒雷达反演涡旋风场方法分析     

常亚楠  戴建华  黄兴友  郑石 《气象科技》2019,47(5):719-730

由于单雷达在探测台风临近、登陆时仍具有双部或多部雷达难以具备的优势,目前利用单多普勒雷达反演涡旋风场的方法并不多见,本文对能够反演涡旋风场的3种方法NIVAP(自然坐标系的积分VAP方法)、EVAPTC(反演热带气旋的EVAP方法)、GBVTD(地基速度追踪法)进行了比较,分别从每种方法的假设条件和数学方法以及结果精度来比较3种方法对涡旋风场的适用性。利用中尺度气旋Rankine模式模拟了纯涡旋性气旋、只有环境风场时、环境风场和辐合(辐散)同时存在时的径向速度场及风场,比较了各种情况下的反演风场和模拟风场的相似系数。在对模拟风场比较之后,选取了2014年"威马逊"台风登陆前1h、登陆时及登陆后1h的3个实测雷达资料,对比分析了3种方法反演实测资料的风场特征,3种方法中EVAPTC方法最好,GBVTD方法在应用中有一定的限制,NIVAP方法较差。  相似文献   

阻塞形势下内蒙古东南部地区一次冷涡暴雨过程水汽特征分析     

马素艳  伊娜娜  赵斐  张旭 《气象与环境学报》2019,(2):1-8

使用常规观测资料、FY-2G卫星及1°×1°的NCEP再分析资料,对2017年7月6—7日内蒙古东南部地区一次冷涡暴雨天气过程进行分析。结果表明:在稳定的"一槽一脊"型环流背景下,阻塞高压稳定维持,西风槽东移受阻移动缓慢,加深为涡,暴雨发生在冷涡发展加强阶段;低空急流建立,一方面形成偏南水汽输送,为暴雨提供源源不断的水汽,水汽收支主要集中在700 hPa以下,暴雨发生前水汽净收入明显增大,南、北边界水汽贡献率大;另一方面,偏南暖湿气流的输送使不稳定层结建立,能量在暴雨区积聚,偏南低空急流与高空急流耦合,又为暴雨发生提供了动力条件;暴雨发生前后湿度场变化显著,大气可降水量最大达到55—60 kg·m^-2,且暴雨发生前增幅显著,增幅近2倍。暴雨区700 hPa (850 hPa)上比湿不低于7 g·kg^-1(12 g·kg^-1),强降水出现在水汽图上白亮区断裂消失后,高层比湿峰值附近和相当黑体温度<230 K为强降水高发区。  相似文献   

菲律宾迪纳加特岛30^#矿权区红土型镍矿床地质特征及成矿作用探讨          下载免费PDF全文

江胜国  王志刚  曹健 《地质找矿论丛》2018,33(2):299-305

30~#矿权区位于菲律宾迪纳加特岛北部,区内发育有红土型镍矿床。本次勘查圈定4处矿(化)体,其中以Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ矿(化)体的矿化范围较大,厚度变化系数为45%~50%(相对稳定),经济价值较高。红土型镍矿体平面上呈地毯状展布于地表,厚度受地形控制,富镍矿体分布于矿权区东部的5、6、11、12小区;剖面上从地表向深部矿体为铁质红土层、松散红土层及高岭土化蛇纹石化橄榄岩层。30~#矿权区红土镍矿矿床的形成经历了从普通矿到富矿两个阶段,红土镍矿石属于酸性矿石。  相似文献   

基于RK的土壤墒情预测     

张卓宇  杨联安 《地下水》2018,(5):109-111

选取气象及地形因素作为辅助变量,对比分析回归克里格(RK)和普通克里格(OK)土壤墒情空间插值及制图上的精度与效果。结果表明:RK法插值结果的平均误差(ME)、平均绝对误差(MAE)、标准差(SD)和OK法相比较小;与OK相比,RK考虑了辅助变量,提高了插值精度;土壤墒情与降水量、湿度及水汽压呈显著正相关,与剖面曲率呈负相关。  相似文献   

Periglacial Geomorphology,Wiley-Blackwell,Chichester (2018), 454 pp, £60.00 (paperback), ISBN 9781405100069     

John F. Hiemstra 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):251-252

  相似文献   

哈萨克斯坦楚—萨雷苏盆地砂岩型铀矿床地质—伊犁盆地蒙其古尔铀矿床含矿砂岩成岩蚀变特征及其有机-无机流体成岩成矿效应     

丁波  刘红旭  李平  张虎军  张宾  潘澄雨  张晓 《地质论评》2018,64(1):149-164

伊犁盆地蒙其古尔铀矿床为典型的层间氧化带型铀矿床,虽然前人对该区铀矿的成矿流体进行了较为系统的研究,但对其成矿流体来源依然存在较大的分歧,尤其对该区成矿流体与蚀变特征、铀成矿的内在联系研究较少。本文为了研究蒙其古尔铀矿床成矿流体来源及其与成岩蚀变、铀成矿的内在联系,综合地应用了偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针等手段,对其含矿目的层砂岩成岩蚀变进行系统的分析,并对蚀变矿物高岭石H—O同位素、碳酸盐胶结物C—O同位素及黄铁矿S同位素进行了研究。研究表明：与砂岩型铀矿有关的成岩蚀变类型主要有黏土化、碳酸盐化、硅化及金属矿化;成矿流体中水δDH2O,V SMOW为-48.3‰～-93‰, δ18OH2O,V SMOW为-10.3‰～-5.1‰,碳酸盐胶结物δ13CV PDB为-10.9‰～-7.2‰,δ18OV SMOW为176‰～249‰,黄铁矿δ34SV CDT为-17.3‰～12‰,上述特征揭示蒙其古尔铀矿床成矿流体是由大气降水性质的地表水（无机）和煤系地层有机质脱羟基及热降解作用产生的有机酸及CH4等还原性气体（煤层气）（有机）两部分组成;成岩蚀变和铀成矿效应皆是有机—无机流体及流体与周围砂岩相互作用的结果。  相似文献   

New polymorphic psyllipsocids from Burmese amber (Psocodea: Psyllipsocidae)     

《Cretaceous Research》2018

Annulipsyllipsocus andreneli gen. et sp. nov. and A. inexspectatus gen. et sp. nov., the first records of the Psyllipsocidae from the Cretaceous amber of Myanmar are described, illustrated and their taxonomic position discussed. The new genus is characterized by antennae with 16 segments; flagellomeres with secondary annulations; radial cell closed, five-angled, bulged on its R1 border; triangular pterostigma. Species belonging to Annulipsyllipsocus gen. nov. are polymorphic. The described taxa represent the earliest evidence for polymorphism in Psocodea. A checklist of all known species of Psyllipsocidae is given.  相似文献   

Record Arctic Ozone Loss in Spring 2020 is Likely Caused by North Pacific Warm Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies     

Yan XIA  Yongyun HU  Jiankai ZHANG  Fei XIE  Wenshou TIAN 《大气科学进展》2021,38(10):1723-1736

Record ozone loss was observed in the Arctic stratosphere in spring 2020. This study aims to determine what caused the extreme Arctic ozone loss. Observations and simulation results are examined in order to show that the extreme Arctic ozone loss was likely caused by record-high sea surface temperatures(SSTs) in the North Pacific. It is found that the record Arctic ozone loss was associated with the extremely cold and persistent stratospheric polar vortex over February–April, and the extremely cold vortex was a result of anomalously weak planetary wave activity. Further analysis reveals that the weak wave activity can be traced to anomalously warm SSTs in the North Pacific. Both observations and simulations show that warm SST anomalies in the North Pacific could have caused the weakening of wavenumber-1 wave activity, colder Arctic vortex, and lower Arctic ozone. These results suggest that for the present-day level of ozone-depleting substances, severe Arctic ozone loss could form again, as long as certain dynamic conditions are satisfied.  相似文献