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21.
黑潮输送的异常及其与大尺度海气相互作用的关系 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以128.5°E为界,沿27°N,北太平洋西边界流输送可以分成呈明显负相关的东、西2段。西段(即黑潮)主要参与副热带环流(STG)和经向环流(STC);东段主要参与日本东南的反气旋式涡旋再回流。从气候态来看,西段输送在7、8月份最大,3月份次大;东段输送在6—8月份最小,其它月份比较接近;整体结果表现为全年有2个接近的极大值,分别是3、4月份和7、8月份。从年序列来看,西段输送在20世纪70年代后期有一次明显的突变;而东段在1955年突然减小,在1963年突然增大。小波分析表明,东、西两段的振荡周期都随时间变化。西段输送时间序列的20a左右周期振荡在1976年以前非常明显,9a左右周期振荡在1985年以后比较显著;东段输送的13a左右周期在1976年以前显著,1985年以后的主要振荡周期从7a逐渐减小到3a左右。奇异谱分析表明,西段输送的年代际变化占总方差的45%,年际变化占总方差的13.6%;东段输送的年代际变化占总方差的24.3%,年际变化占总方差的32.3%。黑潮输送异常和太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)及ENSO有着非常密切的关系。在年代际尺度上,一个可能的过程是,PDO超前于黑潮输送异常;异常的黑潮输送通过改变北太平洋中部的SST梯度引起的海气相互作用过程而调制ENSO的变化。在年际尺度上,黑潮输送异常滞后于PDO和ENSO变化,且呈负相关。 相似文献
22.
Observation from automatic weather stations, radars and TRMM satellites are employed
to investigate the precipitation distribution of tropical cyclone (TC) Koppu (0915) that made
landfall on Guangdong province in 2009. The results show that the precipitation of landfall TC
Koppu is featured by significant asymmetry and mesoscale structure, and occurs mainly to the
left of its moving path. By examining the sea surface temperature (SST), water vapor flux, Q
vector, vertical wind shear of environment etc., it is found out that the distribution of SST,
water vapor convergence, low-level convective ascending and vertical wind shear facilitates
the TC precipitation to take place to the left of the TC moving path. The mesoscale structure
separated by Barnes band-pass filter presents that the precipitation of landfall KOPPU has
some organized mesoscale spiral structures, which is around the TC center and composed of the
form of belts or blocks. The heavy local rainfall of landfall TC Koppu is primarily associated
with the rainfall due to mesoscale spiral structure. 相似文献
23.
A new method, BDA perturbing, is used in ensemble forecasting of typhoon track. This method is
based on the Bogus Data Assimilation scheme. It perturbs the initial position and intensity of typhoons and gets a
series of bogus vortex. Then each bogus vortex is used in data assimilation to obtain initial conditions. Ensemble
forecast members are constructed by conducting simulation with these initial conditions. Some cases of typhoon
are chosen to test the validity of this new method and the results show that: using the BDA perturbing method to
perturb initial position and intensity of typhoon for track forecast can improve accuracy, compared with the direct
use of the BDA assimilation scheme. And it is concluded that a perturbing amplitude of intensity of 5 hPa is
probably more appropriate than 10 hPa if the BDA perturbing method is used in combination with initial
position perturbation. 相似文献
24.
25.
从有水平辐合辐散的赤道β平面浅水方程出发,采用变量替换和小参数展开法,推导出了热带纬向气流作用下的非线性近似方程,给出了非线性方程孤立波解和一阶近似方程u1、v1、1的形式解.由此讨论了热带东风气流中的低压形成.结果表明:(1)在热带东风气流或热带东风弱切变气流中,可以得到低压形势结构;东风气流弱切变不影响低压纬向宽度,而对低压强度和低压中心位置有一定的影响.(2)当热带东风气流减弱时,低压中心位置偏北,低压强度增强,低压纬向宽度变大;在东风气流中,低压中心位于15～20°N之间,低压中心位置跟实际热带东风气流中低压形成位置比较一致. 相似文献
26.
一种分析台风路径预报误差的新方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
台风路径预报误差应包括距离误差和方向误差两个方面,而在以往的业务应用和科学研究中偏向于只考虑对应时刻预报和观测位置点间的距离误差。本文对评估台风路径误差的方法进行了改进,在距离误差基础上建立了一种新的表征台风路径误差的方法——多因子误差法。本文以中国气象局整编的热带气旋最佳路径数据为标准,对2008和2009年中国气象局、美国台风联合预警中心和日本气象厅预报的西北太平洋热带气旋路径,采用新的表征热带气旋路径预报误差的多因子误差法进行分析,并与普遍采用的距离误差法进行对比,结果表明:多因子误差分析方法和距离误差分析方法存在比较明显的差异,多因子误差法优势比较明显。本文是对更科学的台风路径预报误差评定方法的有益探索,有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
27.
A SIMULATION STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF LAND FRICTION ON LANDFALL TROPICAL CYCLONE TRACK AND INTENSITY 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A quasi-geostrophic barotropic vorticity equation model is used to simulate the influences of topographic forcing and land friction on landfall tropical cyclone track and intensity. The simulation results show that tropical cyclone track may have sudden deflection when the action of topographic friction dissipation is considered, and sudden deflection of the track is easy to happen and sudden change of tropical cyclone intensity is not clear when the intensity of tropical cyclone is weak and the land friction is strong.The land friction may be an important factor that causes sudden deflection of tropical cyclone track around landfall. 相似文献
28.
By analyzing the NCEP 1°×1° reanalysis (2004–2008), a number of predictors (factors of variables) are established with the output from the GRAPES model and with reference to the sea fog data from observational stations (2004–2008) and field observations (2006–2008). Based on the criteria and conditions for sea fog appearance at the stations of Zhanjiang, Zhuhai and Shantou, a Model Output Statistics (MOS) scheme for distinguishing and forecasting 24-h sea fog is established and put into use for three repres... 相似文献
29.
COMPARISON OF THE STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVELOPED VERSUS UNDEVELOPED MID-LEVEL VORTEXES 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Using the NCEP 1°×1°reanalysis data,several obvious differences of the structural characteristics of developed versus undeveloped mid-level vortexes are studied.First,the central vorticity of the developed mid-level vortex increases towards higher levels while the undeveloped one decreases.The low-level convergence structure maintains well in the developed mid-level vortex whereas the undeveloped one does badly.Second,on the one hand,according to the symmetric analysis,the horizontal wind field and wind vertical section of the developed mid-level vortex are well symmetric while those of the undeveloped one are less symmetric.Meanwhile,weak wind vertical shear help the developed mid-level vortex to establish a warm core in upper-and mid-levels of the troposphere.On the other hand,according to the balance analysis,better balance between wind and pressure is shown in the mid-and lower-levels of the troposphere of the developed mid-level vortex than in those of the undeveloped vortex.Third,positive anomaly of potential vorticity is enhanced and developed in the vertical direction of the developed vortex.However,the undeveloped vortex weakens with a weak positive anomaly. 相似文献
30.
用南海西沙站观测资料诊断研究南海季风季节内振荡 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用Lanczos滤波和小波变换方法,对1958~2000年南海北部西沙站降水和1980~2001年850hPa风场观测资料进行分析,发现西沙站每日降水和850hPa风场都存在谱长度10~50d左右其峰值为10~20,30~50d的季节内振荡,降水和850hPa风场的季节内振荡都有明显的年变化.降水季节内振荡开始于5月中旬结束于10月中旬,与南海夏季风的爆发时间和终止时间一致.850hPa风场谱长度10~50d左右其峰值为10~20,30~50d的季节内振荡在一年中的大部分时间都存在.降水和850hPa风场季节内振荡的强弱年与南海夏季风的强弱年并不一致.研究表明南海夏季风存在季节内振荡,而南海夏季风与季节内振荡的关系比较复杂. 相似文献