海相碳酸盐岩成岩作用与排烃特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

许化政  王传刚  刘春燕 《海相油气地质》2010,15(1):51-54

与泥页岩以缓慢压实为主的成岩作用不同,碳酸盐岩的成岩以胶结和交代作用为主,并在浅埋处几乎失去其所有的原生孔隙和沉积水。碳酸盐岩在埋藏条件下处于近完全封闭的压实流环境中,深埋和地温升高除形成小规模的压溶作用(如缝合线)外,其他类型的成岩作用很微弱。在进入有机质生烃的门限深度后,低丰度有机质虽可生成一定数量的烃类,但碳酸盐岩不像泥岩那样可以脱出大量压实水,烃的运移既无"载体",又无异常高压作为动力和造缝条件,烃类很难大规模运移。在其后的成岩作用中,烃类或分散于封闭的晶间孔隙中,或与矿物结合形成晶包有机质和包裹体有机质,造成碳酸盐岩含烃率常常高于泥页岩。  相似文献   

Interactions between groundwater seepage and sediment porewater sulphate concentration profiles in lake anna,Virginia     

Pamela E. McIntire  Aaron L. Mills  George M. Hornberger 《水文研究》1988,2(3):207-217

Most sulphur diagenesis models predict that SO₄^2- concentrations decrease exponentially with increasing sediment depth and are lower than that of the overlying water throughout the sediments. Low SO₄^2- concentrations (less than 0.2 mM) are common in the sediments of Lake Anna that receive acid mine drainage; however, sediment with as much as 20 mM SO₄^2- at about 20cm below the sediment surface is also seen in this section of the lake. A decision tree was proposed to investigate the cause of the high SO₄^2- concentrations at depth (HSD) in the sediment. The first possibility proposed was that an increase in the quantity of groundwater flowing through Lake Anna sediments may increase groundwater advection of SO₄^2- or oxygen which would induce sulphide oxidation. This hypothesis was tested by measuring groundwater flow. HSD profiles were found in a discrete region of the lake; however, stations having these profiles did not have higher groundwater flow than other sites sampled. Alternate explanations for the HSD profiles were that the region in which they occurred had: (1) unusual sediment chemical compositions; (2) a different source of regional groundwater, or (3) a lateral intrusion of high SO₄^2- groundwater. There were no differences in sulphide and organic matter concentrations between the two regions. The area which has HSD in the sediment covers a large area in the middle of the lake, so it is unlikely that it has a unique source of regional groundwater. The third alternative was supported by the fact that in all three sample years, HSD stations were located in the preimpoundment stream channel, which is a likely lateral flow path for groundwater containing high SO₄^2- concentrations.  相似文献   

Ground-penetrating radar as a tool to detect rock heterogeneities (channels, cemented layers and fractures) in the Luxembourg Sandstone Formation (Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg)     

KOEN VAN DEN BRIL  COLETTE GREGOIRE†  RUDY SWENNEN  SEBASTIEN LAMBOT‡§ 《Sedimentology》2007,54(4):949-967

A combined study of radar profiles and thin section analysis supported by modelling of synthetic radar traces reveals that ground-penetrating radar (GPR) reflections generated in diagenetically altered sandstones cannot always be interpreted unequivocally. This is illustrated in the Luxembourg Sandstone Formation, which has been altered diagenetically by selective carbonate cementation and fracturing. Cemented lenses and concretions developed along the bedding planes, especially at places with high primary carbonate content. Cementation resulted in the alternation of cemented carbonate-rich sandy layers (thickness 30–50 cm and variable length) and uncemented carbonate-poor sandstone layers. The ability of GPR to detect the geometry of these lenses and vertical fractures with centimetre apertures has been tested at several antenna frequencies (100, 200, 250 and 500 MHz). Relative dielectric permittivity calculations were carried out to assess variations of this electric property within the cemented and uncemented layers as a function of porosity, calcite and water content in the pores. Two-dimensional full waveform modelling was also carried out to study the effect of conductivity in the sandstones and the effect of interlayer clay seams. At the penetration depth of the radar (7 m with 250 MHz), cemented lenses and concretions could only be detected with GPR when the porosity contrast was sufficiently high, which is not always the case. This conclusion is supported by the modelling. The data also proved the ability of radar to detect large open vertical fractures along which sandstones are weathered. The study has implications for investigations which will use GPR to detect three-dimensional distribution of diagenetic pore filling precipitates as well as secondary porosity development along fractures.  相似文献   

Transient States in Diagenesis Following the Deposition of a Gravity Layer: Dynamics of O<Subscript>2</Subscript>, Mn,Fe and N-Species in Experimental Units     

Gwénaëlle Chaillou  Pierre Anschutz  Carole Dubrulle  Pascal Lecroart 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2007,13(2):157-172

Biogeochemical processes induced by the deposition of gravity layer in marine sediment were studied in a 295-day experiment. Combining voltammetric microelectrode measurements and conventional analytical techniques, the concentrations of C, O₂, N-species, Mn and Fe have been determined in porewaters and sediments of experimental units. Dynamics of the major diagenetic species following the sudden sediment deposition of few cm-thick layer was explained by alternative diagenetic pathways whose relative importance in marine sediments is still a matter of debate. Time-series results indicated that the diffusion of O₂ from overlying waters to sediments was efficient after the deposition event: anoxic conditions prevailed during the sedimentation. After a few days, a permanent oxic horizon was formed in the top few millimetres. At the same time, the oxidation of Mn²⁺ and then Fe²⁺, which diffused from anoxic sediments, contributed to the surficial enrichment of fresh Mn(III/IV)- and Fe(III)-oxides. Vertical diffusive fluxes and mass balance calculations indicated that a steady-state model described the dynamic of Mn despite the transitory nature of the system. This model was not adequate to describe Fe dynamics because of the multiple sources and phases of Fe²⁺. No significant transfer of Mn and Fe was observed between the underlying sediment and the new deposit: Mn- and Fe-oxides buried at the original interface acted as an oxidative barrier to reduced species that diffused from below. Nitrification processes led to the formation of a NO₃⁻/NO₂⁻ rich horizon at the new oxic horizon. Over the experiment period, NO₃⁻ concentrations were also measured in the anoxic sediment suggesting anaerobic nitrate production.  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地西缘二叠-三叠系扇控成岩储集相成因机理   总被引：19，自引：5，他引：19  

邹才能  侯连华  匡立春  况军 《地质科学》2007,42(3):587-601

对准噶尔盆地西缘前陆冲断背景下形成的扇控沉积储层特征的研究,发现沉积、构造、流体和热演化4种机制是主要的成岩成孔作用,各自的成因机理不同,据此提出了4种成岩储集相成因机制和相应的发育模式。指出二叠-三叠系储层孔隙空间主要以溶孔为主,发育粘土收缩孔缝、粒内缝、颗粒溶蚀、沸石溶蚀、构造缝及气孔等多种成岩储集相。不同成岩成孔机制相互配合是形成该区有利成岩储集相的条件,预测断裂发育区油气勘探有利埋深度可达7000m,非断裂发育区油气勘探有利埋藏深度可达4500m,改变了原来对该地区有效储集层埋藏下限深度为3500m的观点。这对我国类似地区的有利成岩储集相预测具有理论参考价值,对油气勘探具有指导作用。  相似文献   

白马南地区长81砂岩成岩作用及其对储层的影响   总被引：15，自引：2，他引：15  

刘林玉  曹青  柳益群  王震亮 《地质学报》2006,80(5):712-718

根据砂岩薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X-衍射和包裹体测温分析,研究了鄂尔多斯盆地西峰油田白马南地区长81储层的成岩作用特征,认为该区长81储层处于晚成岩A期阶段,压实作用和胶结作用强烈地破坏了砂岩的原生孔隙结构,溶蚀作用和破裂作用则有效地改善了砂岩的孔隙结构。该区长81储层发育次生孔隙相、泥质杂基压实相、自生碳酸盐胶结相和自生绿泥石胶结相,储层成岩相发育状况决定了孔隙结构的发育特征。发育次生孔隙相的砂岩具有较好的孔隙结构;而云母与泥质杂基压实相和碳酸盐胶结相发育的砂岩具有很差的孔隙结构。  相似文献   

Estimating the uncertainty of coral isochron U–Th ages     

Denis Scholz  Augusto Mangini   《Quaternary Geochronology》2006,1(4):279-288

Recently, alternative models to estimate the age of diagenetically altered fossil reef corals have been presented based on either redistribution of U or its immediate daughters ²³⁴Th and ²³⁰Th. Here, we present three methods to estimate the uncertainty of ages derived using an amended version of our coral isochron method [Scholz et al., 2004. U-series dating of diagenetically altered fossil reef corals. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 218, 163–178], which is based on addition/loss of U. The obtained uncertainties are substantially larger than those previously published and should, in general, be more reliable. The isochron method yields larger uncertainties than alternative models based on Th redistribution due to -recoil processes. However, comparison of model open-system ages based on such redistribution of U-series daughters for different sub-samples from an individual coral specimen shows that the smaller errors derived with these models cannot account for the observed variability. We recognise that none of the available models is applicable to all corals, probably reflecting different diagenetic processes even in different sub-samples from one coral specimen. To better understand the diagenetic processes and precisely constrain the uncertainties of the ages derived from diagenetically altered corals, the application of all available models is recommended.  相似文献   

Stable isotope evidence for multiple fluid regimes during carbonate cementation of the Upper Tertiary Hazeva Formation, Dead Sea Graben, southern Israel     

Fred J. Longstaffe  Ran Calvo  Avner Ayalon  Steve Donaldson   《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2003,80(2-3):151-170

Stable carbon- and oxygen-isotope compositions of calcite and dolomite cements have been used to understand porewater evolution in the Upper Tertiary Hazeva Formation within the Dead Sea Graben, southern Israel. Sandstone samples were obtained from four boreholes in three tectonic blocks of the graben over depths of 253–6448 m, a variation that largely reflects differential subsidence of individual fault-bounded blocks. Early carbonate cements dominate diagenesis. Calcite occurs at <1600 m, but was replaced by dolomite at greater depths. Dolomite at 1600–2700 m is Fe-poor (<0.8 mol% FeCO₃), and at 4700–6200 m, Fe-rich (0.5–7.2 mol% FeCO₃). Magnesite, anhydrite and halite are the final diagenetic phases. Calcite has positively correlated δ¹⁸O (+21‰ to +25‰) and δ¹³C (−6‰ to −2‰) values that generally decrease with depth. Dolomite has a wider variation in δ¹⁸O (+18‰ to +30‰) and δ¹³C (−8‰ to −1‰) values, which also generally are lower with increasing depth. However, the δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values of dolomite from the uppermost 400 m of the Hazeva Formation in the Sedom Deep-1 borehole are anomalous in spanning the entire range of stable carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions over this relatively small interval.The decreasing dolomite δ¹³C values likely indicate an increased contribution of carbon from organic sources with increasing depth. Except for the uppermost 400 m, Hazeva Formation dolomite in the Sedom Deep-1 borehole has stable carbon-isotope compositions that imply initial dolomitization at much shallower levels, prior to the preferential subsidence of this tectonic block. The oxygen isotopic compositions of the calcite cement are best explained by equilibration at present burial temperatures (≤55 °C) with porewater of meteoric origin. Its δ¹⁸O values increased from −5‰ at the shallowest depths to 0‰ at 1600 m. The dolomite oxygen isotopic compositions also reflect equilibration at present burial temperatures with porewaters ranging from 0‰ at 1600 m to +7‰ at 3600 m (100 °C). In the deepest fault block (Sedom Deep-1 borehole), however, increasingly Fe-rich dolomite has (re)equilibrated with porewater whose δ¹⁸O values decreased from +9‰ at 4750 m (120 °C) to +1‰ to +2‰ by 6200 m (150 °C).Much of the dolomite likely formed at relatively shallow depths from saline brines derived from precursors to the Dead Sea. These infiltrated the Hazeva Formation, mixing with and largely displacing meteoric water, and dolomitizing calcite. Rock–water ratios tended to be high during these processes. However, the upper 400 m of the Hazeva Formation in the deepest fault block were likely deposited during its rapid tectonic subsidence, and largely escaped the initial style of dolomitization pervasive elsewhere in the study area. These sediments were also capped by evaporites. This relatively thin interval likely became a preferential conduit for brines that escaped underlying and overlying strata, including the Fe-rich, lower ¹⁸O fluids (evolved seawater?) present in the deepest part of the graben. These rocks present the most promising target for the passage and accumulation of hydrocarbons in the study area.  相似文献   

新疆阿尔塔什地区上白垩统至上第三系成岩作用研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

陶士振 《大地构造与成矿学》1998,22(2):128-137

塔西南坳阿尔塔什地区上白垩统至始新统中段与始新统上段至上第三系中新统两段地层沉积-成岩作用具有明显的差异,根据镜下薄片鉴定、流体包裹体测试和电子探针分析等综合研究,结合沉积环境分析,结果表明上白垩统至始新统中段处于晚成岩阶段的A段,始新统上段至中新统处于早成岩阶段的B段。通过各阶段成岩作用类型的研究并根据一些实测参数,进行了成岩自生矿物期次划分,即早成岩阶段（B）有Ⅰ、Ⅱ两期成岩自生矿物,晚成岩阶段（A）有Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三期。不同沉积成岩作用受制于构造-沉积环境和埋藏条件的变化。  相似文献   

川口油田长6段油层组储集层特征与油气富集规律   总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24  

李文厚  柳益群 《岩石学报》1998,14(1):117-127

在分析陕西川口油田长６油层组沉积相特征的基础上,对储集层的岩石学特征和成岩作用以及孔隙结构进行了研究。认为长６油层组的环境演化代表了浅水台地型三角洲逐渐转变为陆上平原的历史,曲流河道砂体是区内油气富集的有利相带。浊沸石、方解石、绿泥石的胶结、化学压实作用和浊佛石、长石的溶解作用是影响砂岩储集性能的主要因素。孔隙的演化与盆地的演化密切相关。长６油层组及其上下层位构成了一套良好的生储盖组合,长６１和６２段是川口油田的主力油层。  相似文献