A trigger-tube tracer dilution technique for determining Darcy and apparent velocities of groundwater in dug wells: A case study on phreatic aquiferous formation in Bamenda-Cameroon     

Akoanung Ayaba ABENDONG  ENDENE Emmanuel  Enoh Jeanot FONGOH  AKOACHERE Richard Ayuk II  NJENG Napoleon Ngenge 《地下水科学与工程》2019,7(2):182-194

The need to understand flow within aquiferous formations for a complete evaluation of groundwater resource and quality control prompts the determination of groundwater velocities through well dilution technique. Well dilution techniques utilize tracer solutions after establishing an initial homogenous condition to monitor the flow rate of ambient groundwater into the wells. Application of dilution techniques in wells makes it feasible to determine the velocities of groundwater in the aquiferous formation surrounding the well. In this study, a simple trigger-tube tracer dilution technique was employed to determine the Darcy and apparent velocities of groundwater in the phreatic aquiferous formation in Bamenda, Cameroon. Eighteen(18) hand dug-wells at different locations within Bamenda were sampled by utilizing sodium chloride(NaCl) as the conservative tracer. Field estimates of groundwater flow velocities in the phreatic aquiferous formation in Bamenda reveal Darcy's groundwater velocity in the range of 0.39 m/d at Nacho to 130.64 m/d at Foncha Street and apparent velocity in the range of 0.78 m/d at Nacho to 277.86 m/d at Foncha Street. The immense variations in the velocities of groundwater indicate that the groundwater flows at different rates and directions within the aquiferous formation in Bamenda, possibly due to variations in their hydraulic conductivities. Moreover, the spatial variations in the formation types, facies changes, thickness, and layering of the aquiferous formation also contribute to the variation of velocities. Areas with low groundwater velocities are associated with a lower contaminant transport rate when compared to areas with high groundwater velocities. The findings of this study are important for assessing the rates of pollutant movement in the subsurface, as well as the effectiveness and efficacy of the trigger-tube technique in evaluating the hydraulic properties of aquiferous formations.  相似文献   

利用偏移进行视反射率估计的初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

陈生昌  李佩  林晨 《地球物理学报》2009,52(1):233-238

视反射率估计是地震数据处理解释中的一项重要内容,通常采用反演的方法得到.本文以地震偏移和地震线性反演理论相结合为基础,并利用保幅单程波传播算子和保幅波动方程叠前偏移算法以及成像空间中的角度域波动方程偏移成像和照明补偿等方法技术,提出了一种利用单程波波动方程偏移进行地下反射面视反射率估计方法,并进行了理论模型的数值试验.这种估计方法得到的视反射率估计是一种近法向入射的小角度反射率.  相似文献   

紫坪铺水库地区蓄水前后视应力标度率变化研究   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

杨志高  张晓东 《地球物理学报》2010,53(12):2861-2868

本文利用紫坪铺水库台网记录到的波形资料,计算了2004～2008年170个M_L≥1.0级地震的震源参数.紫坪铺水库震源参数计算结果与其他大陆地区有明显不同:(1)拐角频率远低于其他大陆地区结果,表明库区地震波传播经过了较强的衰减过程;(2)视应力计算结果比其他地区小3个数量级,可能是由于库区地震波的高频成分衰减强烈,低估了能量集中在高频的小地震的地震辐射能量.分析了蓄水前后拐角频率和地震矩以及视应力和地震矩关系(视应力标度率)变化,结果表明:相同地震矩的地震蓄水后拐角频率增加,地震高频成分相对丰富;蓄水前视应力与地震矩的关系不明显,蓄水后视应力随地震矩的增加而增加.视应力标度率的改变可能是蓄水后地震震源物理过程逐渐改变的直接反映.  相似文献   

视应力方法在震群性质判定中的应用研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

李芳  李宇彤  刘友富 《地震》2006,26(4):45-51

利用视应力方法研究了1999～2004年辽宁地区发生的岫岩、 海城、 营口震群性质, 结果显示: 前震序列与其它震群视应力曲线变化形态是完全不同的, 视应力的大小能较好地反映出震源区应力场的大小。 利用视应力数值变化探讨区域震群性质, 与地震活动性参数判定震群性质的方法, 更能反映出每个震群应力场的变化过程, 在原方法不能准确确定震群性质的情况下, 根据应力场的变化过程可以进一步判定震群的性质。 文中还探讨了视应力与震级之间的关系。  相似文献   

塑性流动网络控制下华北地区构造应力场与地震构造   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王绳祖  张流 《地震地质》2002,24(1):69-80

文中所述华北地区位于中东亚塑性流动网络系统的东部 (偏北 ) ,在岩石圈下层内含右向和左向塑性流动网带多条 ,受其控制 ,在其上方多震层内形成地震带 ,并导致上层构造应力场在总趋势上与下层基本保持一致。发震断裂以不同交角沿网带展布 ,组成地震构造带 ,其中少数地震构造带的视成熟度较高 ,多数尚属未成熟的准地震构造带  相似文献   

Modeling abiotic production of apparent oxygen utilisation in the oligotrophic subtropical North Atlantic     

Heiner Dietze  Andreas Oschlies 《Ocean Dynamics》2005,55(1):28-33

Apparent oxygen utilisation is potentially biased by abiotic, physical processes. Using a coupled 3-D circulation-oxygen model, this potential is quantitatively estimated for a region in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic, called the Beta Triangle, where an inconsistency exists between observational estimates of high carbon export from the euphotic zone, based on oxygen utilisation rates in the thermocline (Jenkins 1982), and those of low nutrient supply to the euphotic zone (Lewis et al. 1986, 2004). Our results indicate that in the upper ocean, the Jenkins (1982) estimate is indeed biased high by approximately 10% due to abiotic processes feigning respiration, thus contributing to the apparent inconsistency. Vertical integration, however, yields an abiotic fraction of less than 3%, so the apparent observational discrepancy can not be resolved.Responsible Editor: Franciscus Colijn  相似文献   

A trigger-tube tracer dilution technique for determining Darcy and apparent velocities of groundwater in dug wells: A case study on phreatic aquiferous formation in Bamenda -Cameroon     

Akoanung Ayaba ABENDONG  ENDENE Emmanuel  Enoh Jeanot FONGOH  AKOACHERE Richard Ayuk II  NJENG Napoleon Ngenge 《地下水科学与工程》2014,7(2):182-194

The need to understand flow within aquiferous formations for a complete evaluation of groundwater resource and quality control prompts the determination of groundwater velocities through well dilution technique. Well dilution techniques utilize tracer solutions after establishing an initial homogenous condition to monitor the flow rate of ambient groundwater into the wells. Application of dilution techniques in wells makes it feasible to determine the velocities of groundwater in the aquiferous formation surrounding the well. In this study, a simple trigger-tube tracer dilution technique was employed to determine the Darcy and apparent velocities of groundwater in the phreatic aquiferous formation in Bamenda, Cameroon. Eighteen (18) hand dug-wells at different locations within Bamenda were sampled by utilizing sodium chloride (NaCl) as the conservative tracer. Field estimates of groundwater flow velocities in the phreatic aquiferous formation in Bamenda reveal Darcy’s groundwater velocity in the range of 0.39 m/d at Nacho to 130.64 m/d at Foncha Street and apparent velocity in the range of 0.78 m/d at Nacho to 277.86 m/d at Foncha Street. The immense variations in the velocities of groundwater indicate that the groundwater flows at different rates and directions within the aquiferous formation in Bamenda, possibly due to variations in their hydraulic conductivities. Moreover, the spatial variations in the formation types, facies changes, thickness, and layering of the aquiferous formation also contribute to the variation of velocities. Areas with low groundwater velocities are associated with a lower contaminant transport rate when compared to areas with high groundwater velocities. The findings of this study are important for assessing the rates of pollutant movement in the subsurface, as well as the effectiveness and efficacy of the trigger-tube technique in evaluating the hydraulic properties of aquiferous formations.  相似文献   

地电阻率多极距观测中的最佳布极方式   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李艳东  赵家骝  庞丽娜 《地震》2004,24(2):17-24

对如何确定地电阻率多极距观测中的最佳布极方式, 包括极距个数和各极距长度的确定进行了研究。 确定最佳布极方式的主要依据是地下各层介质的响应系数随观测极距的变化规律以及采用不同观测极距对反演精度的影响。 以宝坻台为例, 讨论了在电性剖面参数已知的情况下, 如何确定多极距观测中各极距长度。 最后, 利用提出的最佳布极方式确定的装置系统对宝坻台模拟多极距观测资料进行了处理。 结果表明, 用最佳布极方式确定的多极距观测系统可精确计算出地下各层介质的真电阻率变化。  相似文献   

利用多种地震学参数研究中国大陆地壳应变场   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

王辉  张国民  江在森  马宏生  王新岭 《地震》2005,25(2):9-18

地壳应变场研究是地球动力学研究的一个基础性领域, 以往文献的探索大多集中在地壳形变的测量和研究上, 包括大面积水准测量和GPS观测等。 文中利用多种地震学参数研究中国大陆地壳应变场, 利用哈佛CMT目录和现代中国地震目录得到了中国大陆不同区域面波震级与标量地震矩的统计关系, 进而采用中国大陆历史地震资料研究中国大陆地壳应变场, 给出地震最大剪切应变率场的分布。 研究结果显示, 青藏高原及其周边地区是最大剪切应变率的高值区, 帕米尔和阿萨姆地区的应变率值最大。 与GPS得到的应变场结果进行比较, 两者的结果存在一致趋势。 利用NEIC宽频带地震辐射能量目录研究了中国大陆的地震视应变分布, 显示地震的视应变分布与地壳应变水平存在一定相关关系, 且发生在青藏高原周边地区地震的视应变水平较高。 这些研究结果为地球动力学研究的进一步深入探讨提供了新的科学资料。  相似文献   

用于地质勘查中的双频激电法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

姜义生 《铀矿地质》2000,16(4):243-246,250

笔者近年来采用S 3B双频激电仪在 3个地区铀、金和地下水的地质勘查中获得了较好的效果。本文介绍了不同电极排列的测深方法以及采用双频激电仪在不同地质体上测量、获得的视幅频率Fa 和视电阻率 ρa 断面图的不同特征。其中 ,在铀钼矿体部位显示为中阻高激电特点 ;在碎裂蚀变型的金矿赋存部位反映为低阻高激电效应 ;在富水地段则为低阻负视幅频率特征。验证结果表明 ,铀钼矿体一般工业矿化的Fa 为 3% - 6 % ,富矿体Fa 大于 6 % ,最高可达 15% ;金矿品位在 5× 10 - 6 以上者 ,Fa 为 3% - 6 % ;含水层Fa 为负值 ,视电阻率低于 30Ω·m。  相似文献