地球南北半球的非对称性   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12  

马宗晋  宋晓东  杜品仁  傅容珊  孙付平  汪洋 《地球物理学报》2002,45(1):26-33

依据新的计算分析和空间观测数据,进一步论述了地球南北半球的非对称性. 全球热散失量的计算得出,南半球高出北半球33髎;南半球地幔热散失量是北半球的2倍. 比较南北半球S波速度分布,得出南半球的上地幔为低速、高温,北半球的上地幔为高速、低温. 计算地幔各层的质心位置发现,地球的质心偏于北半球. 计算地球经、纬圈长度的年变化率表明,南半球在扩张,北半球在收缩. 用空间大地测量数据的检测结果证实,南半球处于扩张状态,北半球处于压缩状态. 对地球的非对称性作了初步的动力学解释.  相似文献   

Reversal asymmetry in Mesoproterozoic overprinting of the 1.88-Ga Gunflint Formation, Ontario, Canada: non-dipole effects or apparent polar wander?     

Phillip W. Schmidt  George E. Williams 《Tectonophysics》2003,377(1-2):7

Eighty-two palaeomagnetic samples of calcareous and jaspilitic grainstones (iron-formation or ‘taconite’) and chert carbonate were collected from the 1.88-Ga Gunflint Formation at 22 sites in the Thunder Bay area, Ontario. Twenty clasts of Gunflint taconite also were sampled from the basal conglomerate of the overlying Mesoproterozoic Sibley Group. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate the Gunflint Formation in the sampling area has not experienced regional dynamic metamorphism. Analyses by variable-field translation balance and X-ray diffraction show that the predominant magnetic mineral is hematite but a small amount of magnetite also is present in some samples. Altogether, 213 Gunflint specimens and 59 Sibley conglomerate specimens were subjected to stepwise thermal demagnetisation and 74 Gunflint specimens to stepwise alternating-frequency demagnetisation. The following components were isolated for the taconites:

• Gunflint magnetite: normal declination D=293.4°, inclination I=30.8°, α₉₅=7.2°, n=21; reverse D=86.7°, I=–54.6°, α₉₅=5.8°, n=29.

• Gunflint hematite: normal D=243.6°, I=23.6°, α₉₅=6.0°, n=11; reverse D=70.3°, I=–51.4°, α₉₅=3.2°, n=79.

• Sibley clasts magnetite: normal D=282.7°, I=33.4°, α₉₅=7.6°, n=20.

• Sibley clasts hematite: normal D=254.5°, I=56.2°, α₉₅=8.4°, n=13; reverse D=110.6°, I=–55.7°, α₉₅=8.3°, n=11.

None of these sets passed the reversal test, with the normal component generally being the shallower. Fold tests were negative or inconclusive and the conglomerate test also was negative. Chert carbonate at one other site appears to have acquired a remanence carried by magnetite (D=97.3°, I=−78.2°, α₉₅=6.3°, n=18) prior to folding related to Keweenawan (1.1 Ga) Logan diabase sill emplacement. Most of the components we identified match components for Keweenawan sills, volcanic rocks, intrusions and baked contact rocks in the Thunder Bay area, indicating that Keweenawan magmatism caused widespread chemical remagnetisation of the Proterozoic country rock in our sampling area. Although others have argued that asymmetry was a feature of the Keweenawan geomagnetic field, the declinations of our Gunflint and Sibley hematite and magnetite components are different, suggesting that the components were acquired at significantly different times. We conclude that the reversal asymmetry shown by our Gunflint and Sibley data may best be ascribed to apparent polar wander during Keweenawan times.  相似文献   

热带西南季风对0214号热带气旋“黄蜂”的影响   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12  

林爱兰  万齐林  梁建茵  袁金南 《气象学报》2004,62(6):841-850

采用中国数值预报创新基地最新开发的三维变分同化系统(Grapes 3DVAR)的分析场为模式初值场,利用广州热带海洋气象研究所开发的南海热带气旋业务预报模式,在模拟试验(控制试验)的基础上,对强、弱热带西南季风作对比试验(异常试验)研究.试验结果表明除环境引导气流外,"黄蜂"偏心结构变化引起的偏心运动变化对热带气旋移向、移速的变化起了一定的作用;西南季风对热带气旋"黄蜂"的动力结构、热力结构和移动路径都有一定的影响;热带西南季风通过改变热带气旋的不对称结构和削弱副热带高压西侧这两个途径,造成热带气旋路径右偏.  相似文献   

North-south asymmetry in response of geomagnetic activity to different solar events     

G. K. Rangarajan 《Journal of Earth System Science》1987,96(2):195-202

Study of the response of geomagnetic activity to five different kinds of solar events reveals that an average north-south asymmetry of about 15% exists which diminishes with enhanced geomagnetic activity. The response of the geomagnetic field is quite significant only when high speed solar wind stream in association with sector boundary of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) or solar proton streams near sector boundary sweeps past the earth. When the frequency of occurrence of indices of geomagnetic activity is considered, the index zero shows a marked difference in its response characteristics for the southern hemisphere. This appears to be a real feature and not attributable to any artefact of the index or its derivation.  相似文献   

行星际电流片与激波特性的东西不对称性   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

贾先哲  杨玉林  刘绍亮  胡友秋 《地球物理学报》2001,44(5):581-588

采用日球赤道面二维二分量MHD模型，研究行星际电流片对1AU附近激波的密度比、气压比、动压差和磁场强度比沿激波阵面分布特性的影响.结果表明，只有当扰动源靠近电流片时，这一影响才比较显著，且对电流片东侧扰动源形成的激波的影响较强.当扰动源位于电流片东(西)侧时，激波动力学参数峰值位置相对扰动源法向东(西)偏，磁场比峰值位置西偏的程度减弱(增强).电流片的上述影响与它对激波最快传播方向的偏转效应密切相关，而磁场强度比峰值总是西偏，则主要取决于行星际磁场的螺旋结构.  相似文献   

Parameterisation and transformation of wave asymmetries over a low-crested breakwater   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zhong Peng  Qingping Zou  Dominic Reeve  Baoxing Wang 《Coastal Engineering》2009,56(11-12):1123-1132

This paper presents the results of an investigation of the transformation of wave skewness and asymmetry as waves propagate obliquely over low-crested breakwaters, (LCBs), based on an analysis of measurements collected in the DELOS project. Considering the effect of the local Ursell number on wave asymmetries, a set of practical empirical formulae were established using least squares regression for both smooth and rubble mound LCBs. Predictions are in good agreement with measurements. Wave skewness on both sides of LCBs is linearly correlated for rubble mound LCBs but weakly correlated for smooth LCBs. While wave asymmetry on both sides of LCBs has a weakly quadratic correlation. The effect of the relative freeboard on the relationships of wave asymmetries between both sides is significant for rubble mound LCBs, but the same does not hold for smooth LCBs. With the presence of LCBs, wave skewness retains a positive sign on both sides but asymmetry changes from negative on the incident side to positive on the transmission side. Bispectral analysis shows that positive skewness and negative asymmetry arises from self–self and sum interactions but positive asymmetry is due to difference interactions between frequencies. The findings provide improved understanding of changes in wave skewness and asymmetry in the vicinity of structures, which may help mitigate scour and improve the stability of breakwaters.  相似文献   

冬季北大西洋涛动与中国西南地区降水的不对称关系   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

徐寒列  李建平  冯娟  毛江玉 《气象学报》2012,70(6):1276-1291

利用1951-2010年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和中国160个站逐月降水资料,探讨了冬季北大西洋涛动(NAO)与同期中国西南地区降水的关系.结果表明,冬季北大西洋涛动与西南地区降水存在显著的正相关关系,并且,正相关具有不对称性,即当冬季北大西洋涛动处于负位相时,东亚地区环流形势不利于中国西南地区降水的形成,对应着中国西南地区冬季降水的显著减少.而当冬季北大西洋涛动处于正位相时,北大西洋涛动与中国西南地区降水的正相关关系并不显著.进一步的分析表明,与中国西南冬季降水变化密切相关的主要环流结构是里海和中东—阿拉伯海—青藏高原及其下游的遥相关型(CAT遥相关型).北大西洋涛动与里海和中东阿拉伯海—青藏高原及其下游的遥相关结构存在不对称关系,两者的关系仅在北大西洋涛动负位相时显著.冬季北大西洋涛动高、低指数年分别合成的波射线和波作用通量的结果表明,当冬季北大西洋涛动为负位相时,冬季地中海地区的扰动源会形成与里海和中东—阿拉伯海—青藏高原及其下游的遥相关路径一致的波射线,同时波作用通量的结果表明,定常波由里海和中东、阿拉伯海一直传播到青藏高原及下游地区,而冬季北大西洋涛动高指数年,地中海地区的扰动源所形成的波射线偏北,波动传播到达印度半岛地区之后不再向下游传播.冬季北大西洋涛动对里海和中东—阿拉伯海—青藏高原及其下游的遥相关波列的不对称影响决定了北大西洋涛动与西南冬季降水的不对称关系.  相似文献   

Asymmetric effects of atmospheric circulation on the South China Sea summer monsoon onset     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2019

  相似文献   

The asymmetric effects of fossil fuel dependency on the carbon intensity of well-being: A U.S. state-level analysis, 1999–2017     

《Global Environmental Change》2022

The resource dependency literature argues that intensifying processes of dependency can lead to poorer socioecological outcomes, but the effects of reducing dependency remain untested. Some scholars argue that it improves socioecological conditions, while other strands of research suggest that it causes economic hardship, as evidenced by the deaths of despair crisis. Here, I examine the asymmetric effects of fossil fuel dependency (measured as the energy production-consumption ratio, the share of exports from the mining sector, and the share of GDP from the mining sector) on the carbon intensity of well-being (CIWB) at the U.S. state-level. I do so by estimating dynamic asymmetric models with fixed effects estimation. I find that increases in all three measures are associated with increases in the CIWB. Decreases in the energy production-consumption ratio and the share of exports from the mining sector do not affect the CIWB, while a decrease in the share of GDP from the mining sector produces a proportional reduction in the CIWB relative to an increase. The estimated net effect of all three variables suggests that an increase in fossil fuel dependency increases the CIWB, while a decrease has no effect. When the CIWB is disaggregated, I find that changes in the energy production-consumption ratio are driving changes in emissions and that changes in the share of GDP from the mining sector are responsible for changes in health-adjusted life expectancy. Given that the net effect of a decrease in fossil fuel dependency is not statistically significant, I conclude by arguing that a planned, managed transition away from fossil fuel extraction is critical to ensuring simultaneous improvements in human and environmental well-being.  相似文献   

西北太平洋环境风垂直切变和热带气旋移动对涡旋内对流非对称分布影响的特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

杨璐  费建芳  黄小刚  程小平  阳向荣  马占宏 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2017,75(6):943-954

热带气旋（TC）预报特别是强度预报是当今大气科学研究和业务预报的重点、难点问题,TC环流内部的对流系统对气旋的结构和强度变化有着十分重要的影响。利用FY-2C/2E黑体亮温（TBB）资料和NCEP分析资料,研究了2005-2012年西北太平洋热带气旋外雨带区的对流非对称分布特征,及其与环境风垂直切变和TC移动的关系。分析发现,整层风垂直切变的方向与TBB一波非对称大值区关于方位角的分布有很好的对应关系。在弱整层风垂直切变条件下（<5 m/s）,TC移动引起的非对称摩擦效应会使对流易出现在移动方向的右前象限。在中强整层风垂直切变条件下（>5 m/s）,风切变成为影响对流非对称分布的主要因子,TC外螺旋雨带区的对流集中于顺风切方向及其左侧,对流偏离顺切变左侧的程度一方面受到TC内逆时针环流的影响,另一方面与风垂直切变的强度有关：对于发展阶段的TC,当风垂直切变增强时,一波非对称分布更加显著,切变越强,TC强度越大,外雨带区的对流越偏离顺风切左侧;对于消亡阶段的TC,风垂直切变的影响作用并不明显。  相似文献