Statistical characterization of frost zones: Case of tea freeze damage in the Kenyan highlands     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

Frequent frost occurrences in the Kenyan highlands have had devastating effects on agricultural productivity. With inadequate management systems to mitigate the impacts, farmers have often had to bear the burden of losses resulting from frost damage. While agriculture in Kenya remains dependent on weather and climate, the agricultural economy of Kenya continues to suffer, underscoring the need for building local knowledge as basis for development of early warning systems. The current paper attempts to delineate frost zones by statistically characterizing them based on known risk factors related to topography (elevation, convexity, aspect, upslope flow length) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Through binary logistic regression, a logistic regression model was developed utilizing observation data (frost occurrence and non-occurrence) as a binary dependent variable to estimate the probability of frost occurrence. Assuming a 0.5 probability cut-off threshold between frost occurrence and non-occurrence, an overall accuracy of 81% with area under Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) Curve of 0.88 was obtained. No evidence of lack of model fit was detected. This model outperforms the currently operational model that utilizes MODIS LST alone to detect frost zones in the Kenyan tea plantations. It provides an improved method for effective delineation of frost zones by incorporating local topographic characteristics.  相似文献   

基于深度学习的目标检测定位系统设计与实现     

王俊强  李建胜  程相博  杨戬峰 《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(1):133-136,144

针对传统遥感影像目标检测方法效率不高,并且无有效手段对检测信息进行管理利用的问题,提出了在B/S构架下基于深度学习的目标检测及定位方法。通过集成深度学习框架、WebGIS以及数据库,实现了集遥感影像目标检测、展示及管理于一体的目标检测定位系统,满足多用户基于前端浏览器的并发目标检测需求。利用网格划分策略,实现了基于前端的大区域范围的目标快速检测。基于某机场飞机目标及某城市区域运动场目标检测结果表明:本文设计的目标检测定位系统能够在前端实现目标快速检测定位,具有较高检测精度,并可有效管理检测信息,为深度学习循环再利用提供数据支撑。  相似文献   

Researching and Teaching the Anthropocene     

Kenneth R. Young 《Geographical review》2019,109(2):258-264

  相似文献   

再探温跃层有孔虫B/Ca与温度和[CO₃^2-]的依赖性及其在24 ka以来热带西太平洋次表层碳酸盐系统重建中的应用     

郭景腾  李铁刚  熊志方  仇晓华  常凤鸣 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(9):71-86

The B/Ca ratio of planktonic foraminifer shells has been used as a proxy for reconstructing past ocean carbonate chemistry. However, recent studies have revealed significant uncertainties associated with this proxy, such as whether seawater temperature or [ CO_3~(2-)] is the dominant control on the partition coefficient(K_D) of planktonic foraminiferal B/Ca. To address these uncertainties and thus improve our understanding of the planktonic foraminiferal B/Ca proxy, we analysed B/Ca ratios in the tests of Neogloboquadrina dutertrei(300–355 μm) and Pulleniatina obliquiloculata(355–400 μm) in surface sediment samples from the tropical western Pacific and South China Sea. The relationship between these B/Ca ratios and bottom water calcite saturation states(Δ[ CO_3~(2-)]) is weak, thus suggesting only a small dissolution effect on the B/Ca of the two species. The correlation coefficients(R~2) between the B/Ca ratios of N. dutertrei and P. obliquiloculata and environmental parameters(e.g., temperature, salinity, phosphate, DIC and ALK) in the tropical western Pacific and South China Sea are not high enough to justify using B/Ca ratios as a palaeoenvironmental proxy in the study areas. The significant correlation between K_D values of N. dutertrei and P. obliquiloculata and carbonate system parameters(e.g.,[ CO_3~(2-)], DIC, ALK, pH and [ HCO_3~-]) in the study area reflect chemical links between the K_D denominator and these variables. Based on our surface sediment calibration, an empirical relationship between the K_D of N.dutertrei and temperature is proposed in the tropical western Pacific. We also generated a record of B/Ca ratios in N. dutertrei(300–355 μm) from Core MD06-3052 in the tropical western Pacific over the past 24 ka to evaluate the application of the revised B/Ca proxy method. Based on the reconstructed empirical relationship for B/Ca and subsurface seawater ALK, we estimated subsurface seawater carbonate system parameters in the tropical western Pacific since 24 ka. In general, the estimated subsurface seawater pH and [ CO_3~(2-)] show an increase with time, and the record of subsurface seawater pCO_2 shows a decrease with time, in the tropical western Pacific over the past 24 ka. The consistent trends in subsurface seawater pCO_2 and opal flux during deglaciation may imply that the reported increase in subsurface water pCO_2 in the study area was promoted by enhanced upwelling in the Southern Ocean.  相似文献   

A stochastic method for the prediction of icebreaker bow extreme stresses     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

It is well established that the ship-ice interaction process is quite complex and associated ice loads on the icebreaker hull is a stochastic process. Obviously, novel accurate statistical methods and models should be developed and applied to estimate extreme bow stresses.This paper studies icebreaker bow stresses based on measured distribution of ice thickness in the Arctic Ocean on the way to and from the North Pole. Since the vessel route was carefully selected searching for easier ice conditions, the Arctic Ocean crossing was not a straight linear but a meandering path. Thus, the specific ship route data was biased with respect to general ice statistics in the region, but true with respect to the route specific ice data encountered by a ship navigating in that region. Therefore the route specific ice thickness data is directly needed for ship design and navigation analysis. It is assumed that captains are competent and knowledgeable, and therefore will select a route that provides the most favourable ice conditions.This paper contributes to study of the newest Chinese self-designed polar icebreaker, serving the purpose of enhancing icebreaker operational reliability. Finite Element Method software package ANSYS/LS-DYNA has been employed to simulate bow stress pattern for a particular icebreaker operating in the Arctic Ocean. Extreme bow stresses were estimated using Naess-Gaidai method. The latter is a first application of Naess-Gaidai method to a distribution with lower bound. Thus this paper aims at introducing an efficient method of estimating route-specific icebreaker extreme bow stresses.  相似文献   

Reservoir architecture and heterogeneity distribution in floodplain sandstones: Key features in outcrop,core and wireline logs     

Luis Miguel Yeste  Augusto N. Varela  César Viseras  Neil D. Mcdougall  Fernando García-García 《Sedimentology》2020,67(7):3355-3388

  相似文献   

基于MODIS积雪产品的高亚洲融雪末期雪线高度遥感监测   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王晓茹  唐志光  王建  王欣  魏俊锋 《地理学报》2020,75(3):470-484

以2001—2016年逐日MODIS积雪产品为主要数据源,在高亚洲区域发展了大尺度融雪末期雪线高度的遥感提取方法,并对其2001—2016年的时空变化特征进行了分析。提取方法首先对逐日的MODIS积雪覆盖率产品进行去云处理,获得积雪覆盖日数（SCD）数据集;并用冰川年物质平衡观测数据、融雪末期Landsat数据对提取终年积雪的MODIS SCD阈值进行率定;最后以MODIS SCD提取的终年积雪面积结合地形“面积—高程”曲线实现大尺度融雪末期雪线高度信息的提取。结果表明：① 高亚洲融雪末期雪线高度的空间异质性较强,总体上呈南高北低的纬度地带性分布规律;并因受山体效应的影响,雪线高度由高海拔地区向四周呈环形逐渐降低的特点。② 高亚洲2001—2016年融雪末期雪线高度总体上表现为明显的增加趋势。在744个30 km的监测格网中,24.2%的格网雪线高度呈显著增加,而仅0.9%的格网呈显著下降。除兴都库什、西喜马拉雅外,其他地区雪线高度均表现为升高趋势,显著上升的地区主要分布在天山、喜马拉雅中东部和念青唐古拉山等,其中以东喜马拉雅升高最为显著（8.52 m yr ^-1）。③ 夏季气温是影响高亚洲融雪末期雪线高度变化的主要因素,两者具有显著的正相关关系（R = 0.64,P < 0.01）。  相似文献   

GF-2支持下的干旱区稀疏植被区植被覆盖度估算     

沈谦  朱长明  张新 《测绘通报》2019,(7):33-38

现有像元二分模型MODIS植被覆盖度模型因其形式简单、适用性较强的特点被广泛应用于区域植被覆盖度（FVC）的估算。然而，研究表明在沙漠和低植被覆盖的西部干旱区，从250 m的影像上很难精准地获取NDVI_veg（全植被覆盖植被指数）和NDVI_soil（全裸土区植被指数）参数。利用常用的直方图累计法获取模型所需参数NDVI_veg和NDVI_soil，估算结果存在普遍高估现象。为此，本文首先引入同期获取的GF-2号卫星数据，从GF-2号影像上提取植被覆盖像元；然后，利用Pixel Aggregate方法重采样至250 m分辨率，获取250 m空间分辨率下纯植被和纯裸土像元；最后，将纯植被和纯裸土像元各自空间位置相对应的MODIS NDVI数据最大值作为模型所需NDVI_veg和NDVI_soil参数，实现研究区内植被覆盖度的估算。试验通过与线性回归法、多项式回归法和直方图累计像元二分模型法估算结果进行精度对比，结果表明：利用GF-2影像辅助的像元二分模型，精准地获取了低植被覆盖区NDVI_veg和NDVI_soil模型参数，提高了干旱区植被覆盖度的估算精度，并有效地抑制了受稀疏植被影响NDVI在干旱区普遍偏高问题导致的FVC高估的现象。  相似文献   

机载WIDAS数据的Landsat卫星反照率初步验证   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

何丹丹  焦子锑  董亚冬  张小宁  丁安心  尹思阳  崔磊  常雅轩 《遥感学报》2019,23(1):53-61

随着精细化监测的需求,中高空间分辨率的地表反照率产品逐渐成为气候模型的主要输入。目前,中高空间分辨率反照率产品的验证主要基于地表站点的通量塔观测数据,区域机载飞行数据的验证依然相对较少。因此,本文基于区域机载数据验证Landsat反照率产品。针对内蒙古自治区根河森林试验区所获取的机载红外广角双模式成像仪(WIDAS)多角度反射率数据,应用BRDF原型反演算法估算其反照率,分析了应用机载数据验证中高空间分辨率反照率产品的潜力。2016年内蒙古根河森林试验区机载WIDAS飞行多角度观测的可用多角度范围为25°,以前的研究表明BRDF原型反照率反演算法表现出对小观测角度的反照率反演结果的鲁棒性。因此,机载WIDAS反照率在一定程度可用于星载反照率的验证。首先,基于核驱动模型和各向异性平整指数(AFX)提取了试验区4种MODIS二向性反射分布函数(BRDF)原型;然后,将其作为先验知识应用到根河森林WIDAS机载数据的反照率反演中;最后,用WIDAS反照率和单个地面通量塔观测的反照率对Landsat卫星数据的反照率进行初步验证。验证结果表明Landsat反照率与WIDAS反照率结果较为一致,但略有低估,总体均方根误差(RMSE)约为0.02,偏差为0.0057。在多角度观测范围较小时,BRDF原型的反照率反演算法可为星载地表反照率的验证提供了一种有效的验证手段。  相似文献   

中国区域MuSyQ叶面积指数产品验证与分析     

马培培  李静  柳钦火  何彬彬  赵静 《遥感学报》2019,23(6):1232-1252

对多源遥感数据协同生产的2010年—2015年中国区域1 km空间分辨率5天合成的MuSyQ（Multi-source data Synergized Quantitative remote sensing production system）叶面积指数LAI产品进行验证。参考现有的LAI产品（MODIS c5，GLASS LAI）和中国生态系统研究网络部分农田和森林站点可用的LAI地面测量数据，从时空连续性、时空一致性、精度和准确性等方面对中国区域的MuSyQ LAI产品进行定性和定量分析与评价。结果表明：（1） MuSyQ LAI产品在保证精度优于MODIS产品的情况下，时间分辨率和时空连续性均有提高。MuSyQ LAI与其他LAI产品（MODIS c5，GLASS LAI）在整体上有很好的一致性（RMSE=1.0，RMSE=0.81），但对常绿阔叶林高值处的描述不稳定；（2） 与LAI地面测量数据相比，MuSyQ LAI产品与地面参考图对比结果较好（最高相关性（R²=0.54）和较低总体误差（RMSE=0.96）），其在阔叶作物生长季高值处有些许低估且在某些阔叶林站点有些高估。整体上，MuSyQ LAI产品呈现出较高的精度，可靠的空间分布和连续稳定的时间分布，且对森林LAI的描述具有更可靠的动态范围。  相似文献