模糊信息熵与环境质量综合评价     

张辉军  邓新民 《成都信息工程学院学报》1992,(3)

本文从信息论观点出发,分析了环境评价中各评价指标(或因子)的模糊信息熵与权重之间的关系,认为可用模糊信息熵函数给各指标赋权。文中给出了实例,并利用模糊信息熵对评价结果的可靠性作了分析。  相似文献   

矿物激光显微光谱分析结果的热力学校正研究     

刘伟  马德云  韩润生 《云南地质》2001,20(4):406-410

由于激光蒸发和激发不同矿物的过程,都是从有序体系到无序体系的热力学转换过程,因此可以用矿物标准熵S°来考察分析精度.笔者提出了对初步分析分析结果Ci进行热力学校正,校正因子主要是相同取样量条件下的热力学参数Vg=S°/Vmol,实际取样量Vd,校正公式为Ct=Vgi·Vdi·Ci/Vgt·Vdt.实践表明,这一校正方法提高了矿物激光显微光谱分析精度.  相似文献   

Thermodynamic properties,low-temperature heat-capacity anomalies,and single-crystal X-ray refinement of hydronium jarosite, (H<Subscript>3</Subscript>O)Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>(SO<Subscript>4</Subscript>)<Subscript>2</Subscript>(OH)<Subscript>6</Subscript>     

J.?MajzlanEmail author  R.?Stevens  J.?Boerio-Goates  B. F.?Woodfield  A.?Navrotsky  P. C.?Burns  M. K.?Crawford  T. G.?Amos 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2004,31(8):518-531

Crystals of hydronium jarosite were synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of Fe(III)–SO₄ solutions. Single-crystal XRD refinement with R₁=0.0232 for the unique observed reflections (|F_o| > 4_F) and wR₂=0.0451 for all data gave a=7.3559(8) Å, c=17.019(3) Å, V^o=160.11(4) cm³, and fractional positions for all atoms except the H in the H₃O groups. The chemical composition of this sample is described by the formula (H₃O)_0.91Fe_2.91(SO₄)₂[(OH)_5.64(H₂O)_0.18]. The enthalpy of formation (H^o_f) is –3694.5 ± 4.6 kJ mol^–1, calculated from acid (5.0 N HCl) solution calorimetry data for hydronium jarosite, -FeOOH, MgO, H₂O, and -MgSO₄. The entropy at standard temperature and pressure (S^o) is 438.9±0.7 J mol^–1 K^–1, calculated from adiabatic and semi-adiabatic calorimetry data. The heat capacity (C_p) data between 273 and 400 K were fitted to a Maier-Kelley polynomial C_p(T in K)=280.6 + 0.6149T–3199700T^–2. The Gibbs free energy of formation is –3162.2 ± 4.6 kJ mol^–1. Speciation and activity calculations for Fe(III)–SO₄ solutions show that these new thermodynamic data reproduce the results of solubility experiments with hydronium jarosite. A spin-glass freezing transition was manifested as a broad anomaly in the C_p data, and as a broad maximum in the zero-field-cooled magnetic susceptibility data at 16.5 K. Another anomaly in C_p, below 0.7 K, has been tentatively attributed to spin cluster tunneling. A set of thermodynamic values for an ideal composition end member (H₃O)Fe₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆ was estimated: G^o_f= –3226.4 ± 4.6 kJ mol^–1, H^o_f=–3770.2 ± 4.6 kJ mol^–1, S^o=448.2 ± 0.7 J mol^–1 K^–1, C_p (T in K)=287.2 + 0.6281T–3286000T^–2 (between 273 and 400 K).  相似文献   

基于GIS系统和最大熵谱原理的降水周期分析方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

鱼京善  王国强  刘昌明 《气象科学》2004,24(3):277-284

降水预测分析中经常遇到确定降水周期的问题。文章介绍了将具有分辨率高等特点的最大熵谱原理(MEM)应用在降水周期分析中的方法，并将其做成程序模型镶嵌于GIS二次开发系统中。通过两者的结合从而实现模型的连接和分析的结果与地理空间数据的综合。周期分析过程只需在系统界面中选取某一降水测站，GIS系统便可以应用MEM模型计算出该测站所辖地区的降水周期规律。  相似文献   

Prediction of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Based on Wavelet Decomposition and Neural Networks     

Davut Hanbay  Ibrahim Turkoglu  Yakup Demir 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2007,35(3):250-254

The chemical oxygen demand (COD) parameter of a wastewater treatment plant is predicted based on wavelet decomposition, entropy, and neural networks (NN) for rapid COD analysis. This paper also describes the usage of wavelet and NNs for parameter prediction. Data from a wastewater treatment plant in Malatya, Turkey, were used. This dataset consists of daily values of influents and effluents for a year. To reduce the dimension of input parameters and to decrease the NN training time, wavelet decomposition and entropy were used. Test results were presented graphically. The test results of the trained model were found to be closer to the measured COD values.  相似文献   

Evolution-EM signals before earthquakes in terms of mesomechanics and complexity     

K. Eftaxias  V.E. Panin  Ye.Ye. Deryugin 《Tectonophysics》2007,431(1-4):273

MHz-to-kHz electromagnetic (EM) anomalies have been detected worldwide over time intervals ranging from a few days to a few hours prior to near-surface earthquakes (EQs) that have occurred on land with magnitude approximately six or larger. The MHz radiation systematically appears earlier than the kHz. Laboratory experiments on rock samples reveal a similar change in the frequency content during progressive deformation, i.e. the emissions exhibit a frequency shift from MHz to kHz just before failure of the samples. Herein, we attempt to associate these consecutively emerging MHz and kHz modes of the pre-fracture EM emission with successive distinct stages of the fracture preparation process and the associated fracture mechanisms. We base our approach on synergetic principles of physical mesomechanics. A universal principle of physical mesomechanics is that the plastic deformation of a solid is related to its loss of shear stability at the micro-, meso-, and macroscale levels. Global fracture is determined by the mechanism controlling the development of macroscale bands of localized deformation associated with meso- and microscale relaxation processes. The major result we obtain is that the shift from MHz to kHz EM activity may signal the transition of plastic flow localization from the mesoscale to the macroscale, culminating in global fracture. A complexity measure (Approximate Entropy) and a persistency–anti-persistency measure (Hurst exponent) also give evidence of a two stage-model of EQ preparation process: significant complexity decrease and accession of persistency can be confirmed in the strong kHz EM activity that emerges in the tail of the pre-seismic EM activity. Laboratory experiments on rock samples reveal similar symptoms of an imminent global instability.  相似文献   

Hierarchical probabilistic regionalization of volcanism for Sengan region,Japan     

Pinnaduwa H. S. W. Kulatilake  Jinyong Park  Pirahas Balasingam  Sean A. Mckenna 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2007,25(1):79-102

A 1 km square regular grid system created on the Universal Transverse Mercator zone 54 projected coordinate system is used to work with volcanism related data for Sengan region. The following geologic variables were determined as the most important for identifying volcanism: geothermal gradient, groundwater temperature, heat discharge, groundwater pH value, presence of volcanic rocks and presence of hydrothermal alteration. Data available for each of these important geologic variables were used to perform directional variogram modeling and kriging to estimate geologic variable vectors at each of the 23949 centers of the chosen 1 km cell grid system. Cluster analysis was performed on the 23949 complete variable vectors to classify each center of 1 km cell into one of five different statistically homogeneous groups with respect to potential volcanism spanning from lowest possible volcanism to highest possible volcanism with increasing group number. A discriminant analysis incorporating Bayes’ theorem was performed to construct maps showing the probability of group membership for each of the volcanism groups. The said maps showed good comparisons with the recorded locations of volcanism within the Sengan region. No volcanic data were found to exist in the group 1 region. The high probability areas within group 1 have the chance of being the no volcanism region. Entropy of classification is calculated to assess the uncertainty of the allocation process of each 1 km cell center location based on the calculated probabilities. The recorded volcanism data are also plotted on the entropy map to examine the uncertainty level of the estimations at the locations where volcanism exists. The volcanic data cell locations that are in the high volcanism regions (groups 4 and 5) showed relatively low mapping estimation uncertainty. On the other hand, the volcanic data cell locations that are in the low volcanism region (group 2) showed relatively high mapping estimation uncertainty. The volcanic data cell locations that are in the medium volcanism region (group 3) showed relatively moderate mapping estimation uncertainty. Areas of high uncertainty provide locations where additional site characterization resources can be spent most effectively. The new data collected can be added to the existing database to perform future regionalized mapping and reduce the uncertainty level of the existing estimations.  相似文献   

非平衡态大气热力学的研究   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8  

胡隐樵 《高原气象》1999,18(3):306-320

要挟了建立非平衡态大气热力学的必要怀和迫切性。并在考虑到大气系统是以湍涡为基本单元,具有气压梯度力,重力和Ｃｏｒｉｏｌｉｓ力的地球大气宏观体系的基础上,直接引入大气动力主程组,建立了非平衡态大气热力学的熵平衡方程。  相似文献   

Hard X-ray all-sky imaging with BATSE/CGRO     

S. N. Zhang  B. A. Harmon  G. J. Fishman  W. S. Paciesas 《Experimental Astronomy》1995,6(4):57-62

The large Area Detectors (LADs) of the BATSE experiment aboard the Compton Gamma-ray Observatory have been used recently as the first hard X-ray all-sky imager at energies between 20 keV and 300 keV. The Earth occultation process is formulated in terms of a curved Radon transform convoluted by a step transform in a selected field of view (FOV) ranging from 5°×5° to 40°×40°. The Maximum Entropy Method is then used to reconstruct an image in the hard X-ray sky. Multiple images of different regions of the sky can be produced simultaneously. A source location accuracy of 0.1° for strong sources and a sensitivity limit of 100 mCrab have been achieved in an one-day integration period.Invited Paper on Imaging in High Energy Astronomy, Sept., 1994, Capri, Italyalso Universities Space Research Association  相似文献   

闽,赣地区小震群性质探讨   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

彭美凤  郭友发 《华南地震》1990,10(3):34-40

本文运用地震频度衰减系数h值,震群能量释放均匀度u值、震群归一化熵值K等地震活动参数的统计分析,研究了长汀震群以及闽赣地区其它小震群的殊征,认为长汀震群是一次无前兆性质的正常地震活动,而龙南震群是一次前兆性震群。  相似文献