基于黏聚力裂缝模型的反倾层状岩质边坡倾倒破坏模拟     

马文著  徐衍  李晓雷  陈敏 《水文地质工程地质》2020,47(5):150-160

反倾层状岩质边坡的倾倒破坏是一种常见的地质灾害。为探究开挖条件下反倾层状岩质边坡的倾倒破坏机制以及层间剪切强度、岩层厚度因素对破坏特征的影响，利用ABAQUS有限元软件，建立黏聚力裂缝模型（Cohesive Crack Model，CCM），基于连续-离散方法，经参数标定和对比，建立反倾层状岩质边坡CCM，采用开挖并增重的方式诱发边坡倾倒破坏。数值模拟结果与古水水电站坝前倾倒变形体离心模型试验结果基本一致，验证了CCM的正确性。进一步，基于以上参数及模型，研究了反倾层状岩质边坡的破坏演化过程和应力分布特征，并探讨层间剪切强度对边坡倾倒破坏特征的影响。结果表明:坡体前缘首先发生局部折断，后缘出现明显拉裂缝，反倾岩层由下往上依次折断直至倾倒体中部（一级破裂面）。随后，坡体前缘的表层岩层被挤出，形成二级破裂面，最后一级破裂面扩展至坡体后缘，形成连通宏观的破裂面。最后，二级破裂面扩展至坡体中部，边坡完全倾倒破坏；破裂面基本沿层间法向应力峰值位置连线发育；层间剪切强度对边坡倾倒破坏特征具有显著的影响，随着层间剪切强度的增大，岩层初始折断位置逐渐降低，垮塌范围逐渐减小，破裂面倾角增大；坡体层厚越大，一级破裂面分布越深，垮塌区范围越大，坡体滑动的整体性越强。研究成果可为反倾层状岩质边坡倾倒破坏的分析和监测提供有效计算方法及依据，为此类滑坡灾害的防治提供一定参考。  相似文献   

我国深海钻探重入钻孔技术优选及设计思路          下载免费PDF全文

熊亮  谢文卫  卢秋平  朱芝同  刘晓林 《探矿工程》2020,47(7):1-7

深海钻探通常采用无隔水管开路钻进，当更换钻头或钻具，测井、处理孔内事故等情况时，需要起下钻后重新进入原钻孔，此过程称为重入钻孔。由于钻探船与海底孔口有数千米的水体相隔，受海浪和洋流作用，钻探船动荡不稳，钻杆柱摇摆不定，要想重新进入原钻孔并非易事。本文通过广泛调研，对海底基盘、声呐重入系统、水下电视重入系统及无人遥控潜水器（ROV）等目前几种常见的重入钻孔技术进行了详细介绍，对各种技术的优缺点进行了综合对比，优选了水下电视重入系统作为我国深海钻探重入钻孔技术方案，初步提出了技术设计思路，为样机研发和工艺制定奠定了基础。  相似文献   

A high accurate automated first-break picking method for seismic records from high-density acquisition in areas with a complex surface     

Yinpo Xu  Cheng Yin  Xuefeng Zou  Yudong Ni  Yingjie Pan  Liangjun Xu 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(4):1228-1252

As the application of high-density high-efficiency acquisition technology becomes more and more wide, the areas with complex surface conditions gradually become target exploration areas, and the first-break picking work of massive low signal-to-noise ratio data is a big challenge. The traditional method spends a lot of manpower and time to interactively pick first breaks, a large amount of interactive work affects the accuracy and efficiency of picking. In order to overcome the shortcoming that traditional methods have weak anti-noise to low signal-to-noise ratio primary wave, this paper proposes a high accurate automated first-break picking method for low signal-to-noise ratio primary wave from high-density acquisition in areas with a complex surface. Firstly, this method determines first-break time window using multi-azimuth spatial interpolation technology; then it uses the improved clustering algorithm to initially pick first breaks and then perform multi-angle comprehensive quality evaluation to first breaks according to the following sequence: ‘single trace → spread → single shot → multiple shots’ to identify the abnormal first breaks; finally it determines the optimal path through the constructed evaluation function and using the ant colony algorithm to correct abnormal first breaks. Multi-azimuth time window spatial interpolation technology provides the base for accurately picking first-break time; the clustering algorithm can effectively improve the picking accuracy rate of low signal-to-noise ratio primary waves; the multi-angle comprehensive quality evaluation can accurately and effectively eliminate abnormal first breaks; the ant colony algorithm can effectively improve the correction quality of low signal-to-noise ratio abnormal first breaks. By example analysis and comparing with the commonly used Akaike Information Criterion method, the automated first-break picking theory and technology studied in this paper has high picking accuracy and the ability to stably process low signal-to-noise ratio seismic data, has a significant effect on seismic records from high-density acquisition in areas with a complex surface and can meet the requirements of accuracy and efficiency for massive data near-surface modelling and statics calculation.  相似文献   

Impact of Grazing Exclusion on the Surface Heat Balance in North Tibet     

FENG Yunfei  DI Yingwei  ZHANG Jing  ZHANG Xianzhou  SHI Peili  Niu Ben 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(3):283-289

The grazing exclusion program used by the Tibetan government to protect the ecological environment has changed the vegetation and impacted the surface heat balance in North Tibet. However, little information is available to describe the in?uences of the current grazing exclusion program on local surface heat balance. This study uses the records of fenced grassland patch locations to identify the impact of grazing exclusion on surface heat balance in North Tibet. The records of fenced grassland patch locations, including the longitude, latitude, and elevation of the vertices of each fenced patch (polygon shapes), were provided by the agriculture and animal husbandry bureaus of the counties where the patches were located. ArcGIS 10.2 was used to create polygon shapes based on patch location records. Based on satellite data and the surface heat balance system determined by the model, values for changes in land surface temperature (LST), albedo and evapotranspiration (ET) induced by grazing exclusion were obtained. All of these can influence surface heat balance and alter the fluctuation of LST in the northern Tibetan Plateau. The LST trends for day and night showed an asymmetric diurnal variation, with a larger magnitude of warming in the day than cooling at night. The maximum decrease in absorbed shortwave of LST (-0.5 - -0.4 ℃ per decade) occurred in the central region, while the minimum decrease (-0.2 - -0.1 ℃ per decade) occurred in the eastern region. The decreased latent heat lead to the LST increased maximum (>1 ℃ per decade) occurred in the central region, The eastern region increased at a rate of 0.2-0.5 ℃ per decade, while the minimum increase (0-0.1 ℃ per decade) occurred in the northwestern region.  相似文献   

中国土地利用空间格局刻画方法研究   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

鞠洪润  左丽君  张增祥  赵晓丽  汪潇  温庆可  刘芳  徐进勇  刘斌  易玲  胡顺光  孙菲菲  汤占中 《地理学报》2020,75(1):143-159

土地利用空间格局研究是土地利用/覆盖变化（LUCC）理论和实践的基础,对土地利用空间格局进行有效刻画有利于国土资源空间优化,提升土地利用规划和管理水平。由于土地利用空间格局的研究范畴尚不明晰,目前土地利用空间格局的研究对形状、斑块分布和结构等方面关注较少,缺乏对不同土地利用类型间相互关系的研究;同时,格局指标繁多且存在较大的相关性,如何建立指标与土地利用空间格局的对应关系值得进一步研究。本文在深刻理解土地利用空间格局内涵的基础上,将面积、形状和斑块分布总结为土地利用几何特征,将结构和多样性总结为土地利用类型特征,建立了土地利用空间格局刻画指标体系,利用模糊C均值聚类分析,明确了指标与空间格局间的对应关系。结果表明,中国土地利用几何特征可以划分为简单大斑块型、复杂大斑块型、复杂小斑块型、简单小斑块型和散布型五种,不同的几何特征反映了不同土地利用类型的面积、形状和斑块分布的特点,体现了区域土地利用类型的组合关系。2010年中国土地利用共存在61种不同的结构,但主要的结构类型仅有14种,结构特征具有明显的空间聚集性,体现了不同土地利用类型的空间分异性。中国土地利用多样性以3~5类为主,占比达66.69%,其特征总体上呈现“东北、东南高,西北低”的态势。该研究丰富了土地利用空间格局研究的理论体系,填补了中国土地利用整体空间格局刻画的空白。  相似文献   

河北滦县－滦南县段滦河冲积平原水文地质特征分析     

杨庆洪  左文喆  祝彬 《地质与资源》2020,29(4):374

滦县－滦南县段滦河冲积平原铁矿群司家营铁矿区、马城铁矿区、坎上铁矿区、常裕铁矿、高官营铁矿总储量达几十亿吨，均覆盖有巨厚的第四系含水体，水文地质条件复杂，一直未能开采，成为“大水呆滞金属矿”，被视为开发过程中可能对区域水文地质环境造成较大影响的大水矿区，列为限制开采区，至本世纪初才相继解限投产.通过对司家营铁矿北区、司家营铁矿南区、马城铁矿区、坎上铁矿区、常裕铁矿、高官营铁矿等6处矿山的水文地质条件的分析，论述了滦县－滦南县段滦河冲积平原的水文地质特征.  相似文献   

福建浦城县耕地土壤元素地球化学评价     

马骁  陈智贤  林联桂  王彪  敦妍冉 《中国地质调查》2020,7(2):89-94

福建省浦城县是水稻和薏米的重要产区,土壤环境质量和有益营养元素的含量直接影响农作物的产量和品质。基于福建省浦城县1: 5万比例尺土壤地球化学调查成果,依据相关标准和规范对研究区土壤植物生长必需营养元素、重金属环境质量和植物生长有益元素Se进行了评价,为研究区优质土地开发、特色农产品种植、高标准农田建设等提供了科学依据。评价结果表明: 植物生长必需大量元素有机质、N及碱解氮总体处于丰富—适中状态,P总体处于适中—缺乏状态,速效磷处于缺乏—很缺乏状态,K及速效钾含量丰富; 植物生长必需中量元素S的分布情况主要以丰富—适中为主; 植物生长必需微量元素Fe、B、Mn处于很缺乏状态,Mo的分布主要以很丰富—丰富为主,Zn和Cl的分布主要以很丰富—丰富为主; 植物生长有益元素Se总体处于适量状态,富硒土壤面积为6.41 km²。整体而言,浦城县土壤重金属元素达到了一等土壤环境质量标准,具备发展绿色农产品的土壤环境生态条件。  相似文献   

Main progress and prospect for China's hydrogeological survey          下载免费PDF全文

WU Ai-min  HAO Ai-bing  GUO Hai-peng  LIU Jing-tao  ZHANG Er-yong  WANG Huang  WANG Xin-feng  WEN Xue-ru  ZHANG Cui-guang 《地下水科学与工程》2020,8(3):195-209

This paper reviewed the main achievements of hydrogeological survey in China, summarized the significant progress of hydrogeological survey over the past decade, and forecasted the key responsibilities for hydrogeological survey in the p14th Five-year Planq. The significant progress includes: China established the 1: 50 000 standard hydrogeological survey system with Chinese characteristics and produced the new generation of high-quality hydrogeological maps; the national groundwater monitoring project was completed and accepted, which marks China taking the leading position in groundwater monitoring internationally; fruitful results were achieved in the national groundwater quality survey, and groundwater quality background values were basically identified and checked; hydrogeological and environmental geological survey was continuously promoted in karst areas and the ecological restoration of rocky desertification achieved remarkable results; China strengthened layer exploration techniques for groundwater, integrating the key and practical techniques of layer exploration and monitoring; the exploration of groundwater in the poverty-stricken regions and old revolutionary base areas were effectively promoted to strongly guarantee the poverty alleviation and drinking water safety; the mystery of desert groundwater was uncovered, making up for the shortage of 1: 250 000 hydrogeological survey in the Badain Jaran Desert; and more efforts were made to conduct survey on the water resources in the basin, and to finish the unified measurement of national-scale groundwater level.  相似文献   

Provenance and tectonic settings of the Late Paleozoic sandstones in central Inner Mongolia,NE China: Constraints on the evolution of the southeastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt     

《Gondwana Research》2020

Late Paleozoic sedimentary strata outcrop extensively in central Inner Mongolia, and are a key to understanding the tectonic evolution of the southeastern Central Orogenic Belt. A combined analysis of petrography, whole-rock major and trace element, and Nd isotope is carried out on representative sandstones from the Late Paleozoic sedimentary strata (420–270 Ma). The sandstones are mainly wackes and litharenites in lithology, with low SiO₂/Al₂O₃ of 2.85–9.47 (averagely 5.22) and poor textural and compositional maturities, implying short sediment transportation between the depositional basins and provenances. The trace element compositions are generally comparable to that of the average upper continent crust (UCC), with negatively-sloping chondrite-normalized rare earth element distribution patterns ((La/Yb)_N = 3.43–11; averagely 6.94) and flat UCC-normalized trace element distribution patterns. The Nd isotopic compositions show great variation (Ԑ_Nd(t) = −5.01 to 5.35) with depositional time of the sandstones, and coincide well with the arc magmatic phases in central Inner Mongolia. The geochemical signatures of the sandstones indicate that the dominant provenances are intermediate to felsic arc magmatic rocks that have ages approximating the deposition, although old, recycled sediments may have made a minor contribution. An active continental arc setting during the Late Paleozoic in central Inner Mongolia, controlled by the northward subduction of the Paleo-Asian oceanic slab, was the most likely depositional tectonic setting of the sandstones. This active continental arc setting continued to at least 270 Ma, implying that the final closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean along the Solonker suture zone most likely occurred sometime during the Late Permian to Early Triassic. The northward subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean is likely of West Pacific-style, in which the present-day Baolidao arc has a close genetic link with the South Mongolian microcontinent and, likely, the former originally formed as the arc margin of the latter.  相似文献   

改进的多道预测算子压制浅水多次波方法          下载免费PDF全文

周小鹏  刘伊克  李鹏 《地球物理学报》2019,62(2):667-679

在浅水情况下，由于观测数据中缺少近偏移距信息，水层多次波的压制面临挑战.利用多道预测算子压制水层多次波是浅水环境下压制多次波的重要方法之一，这种方法先从输入数据中估计出多道预测算子，再将预测算子和输入数据做褶积预测出水层相关多次波.然而，估计的多道预测算子很容易受噪声污染，从而影响多次波模型的精度.所以，我们提出了改进的多道预测算子压制浅水多次波方法.该方法先从数据中估计出多道预测算子，并利用估计的算子构建出精确的水层模型；然后，通过计算算子的走时信息、估计振幅信息、合成新算子三个步骤来修正原始的多道预测算子.修正的算子不仅不受噪声影响，还含有精确的走时信息、可靠的振幅信息；最后，该方法用修正的算子来预测多次波，并结合自适应相减，将预测的多次波从输入数据中去除.通过合成数据和实际资料的验证表明，相比于原始的多道预测算子压制多次波方法，改进的方法能够取得更好的压制效果.  相似文献