自动气象站各要素传感器检定结果的不确定度分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

朱乐坤  郑丽春 《应用气象学报》2006,17(5):635-642

自动气象站是由各要素的传感器和数据采集器组成的。随着时间的推移, 各传感器和数据采集器的测量误差将会发生漂移。为确保各要素观测数据的准确、可靠并具有可比性, 定期开展自动气象站的检定和校准是非常重要的。通过检定将各要素系统误差控制在允许范围内, 并对检定结果进行不确定度分析, 是考察检定结果可信程度的重要步骤。本文依据自动气象站检定规程及JJF1059-1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》的要求, 并根据检定数据, 进行自动气象站的各要素检定结果的不确定度分析, 对自动气象站检定结果可信度评估具有指导意义。  相似文献   

Continuous field estimation of dissolved organic carbon concentration and biochemical oxygen demand using dual‐wavelength fluorescence,turbidity and temperature          下载免费PDF全文

Kieran Khamis  Chris Bradley  Rob Stevens  David M. Hannah 《水文研究》2017,31(3):540-555

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) quality and quantity is not measured routinely in‐situ limiting our ability to quantify DOM process dynamics. This is problematic given legislative obligations to determine event based variability; however, recent advances in field deployable optical sensing technology provide the opportunity to address this problem. In this paper, we outline a new approach for in‐situ quantification of DOM quantity (Dissolved Organic Carbon: DOC) and a component of quality (Biochemical Oxygen Demand: BOD) using a multi‐wavelength, through‐flow fluorescence sensor. The sensor measured tryptophan‐like (Peak T) and humic‐like (Peak C) fluorescence, alongside water temperature and turbidity. Laboratory derived coefficients were developed to compensate for thermal quenching and turbidity interference (i.e., light attenuation and scattering). Field tests were undertaken on an urban river with ageing wastewater and stormwater infrastructure (Bourn Brook; Birmingham, UK). Sensor output was validated against laboratory determinations of DOC and BOD collected by discrete grab sampling during baseflow and stormflow conditions. Data driven regression models were then compared to laboratory correction methods. A combination of temperature and turbidity compensated Peak T and Peak C was found to be a good predictor of DOC concentration (R² = 0.92). Conversely, using temperature and turbidity correction coefficients provided low predictive power for BOD (R² = 0.46 and R² = 0.51, for Peak C and T, respectively). For this study system, turbidity appeared to be a reasonable proxy for BOD, R² = 0.86. However, a linear mixed effect model with temperature compensated Peak T and turbidity provided a robust BOD prediction (R² = 0.95). These findings indicate that with careful initial calibration, multi‐wavelength fluorescence, coupled with turbidity, and temperature provides a feasible proxy for continuous, in‐situ measurement of DOC concentration and BOD. This approach represents a cost effective monitoring solution, particularly when compared to UV – absorbance sensors and DOC analysers, and could be readily adopted for research and industrial applications.  相似文献   

热液喷口探测化学传感器的研制及应用*     

秦华伟  陶卓  李怀明  岳羲和  蔡真  陈升  周红伟  叶瑛 《热带海洋学报》2018,37(3):86-92

海底热液喷口周围的水体具有显著的浊度和化学组分异常, 是寻找热液喷口的重要标志。文章提出了一种海底热液喷口的探测技术方法, 设计了低功耗化学传感器。该化学传感器可搭载在相关平台, 实时探测水体的Eh、H₂S、pH及CO₃^2-等电位值, 结合浊度异常, 可以推断热液喷口的位置。在西南印度洋中脊海试结果表明, 该化学传感器可有效探测由热液活动产生的水体异常, 是一种探测海底热液喷口的有效技术。  相似文献   

深圳市龙岗中心城岩溶塌陷光纤传感监测研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张桂香  蒋方媛  余成华  葛帆 《地质灾害与环境保护》2009,20(4):117-121

岩溶塌陷具有的突发性、隐蔽性、不确定性,使其监测、预警预报问题一直未解决。通过多年的研发,光纤传感器监测技术已成为当今最为先进的岩土变形现场监测技术,特别是BOTDR技术,它的分布式、长距离、远程实时监控以及光纤耐久性好的特点正好弥补了传统监测技术的不足。目前光纤传感技术在岩溶塌陷（沉陷）灾害的监测上开展工作较少,本次工作主要目的为利用光纤传感技术实时监测岩溶塌陷。  相似文献   

Soil moisture dynamics at high temporal resolution in a semiarid Mediterranean watershed with scattered tree cover   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Javier Lozano‐Parra  N. L. M. B. van Schaik  Susanne Schnabel  Álvaro Gómez‐Gutiérrez 《水文研究》2016,30(8):1155-1170

Subsurface water flows play a key role in the distribution of water and solutes and thereby in the water availability for plants. However, the characterization of different flow processes (i.e. matrix and preferential flow), the frequency and factors that cause them, is relatively rare. This characterization enables a better understanding of spatio‐temporal variability of water resources and allows for the design of models to be improved. Using a method based on the time derivative of soil moisture variation known as maximum wetting slope, types of soil wetting processes were classified and quantified. For this, capacitance sensors, which registered the volumetric water content at high temporal resolution (30 min) for more than two hydrological years, were installed at different depths and placed in soil moisture stations with different vegetation covers, lithology and topographic position. Results indicated that there is a general behaviour or pattern of soil moisture dynamics in the catchment with a dominant occurrence of slower soil wetting processes (>50%), caused by matrix flows, and a low occurrence of those faster processes (<30%), originated by preferential flows. Nevertheless, when the total volume of water is considered, preferential flow becomes the dominant process, so that the ecological role of both flow types becomes prominent in water‐limited environments. Statistical multivariate analyses based on data‐mining techniques proved that although both flow types depend on variables associated with precipitation and antecedent soil moisture conditions, faster soil wetting processes are mainly related to variables such as rainfall intensity and topography, while slower soil wetting processes are related to flow velocity, soils or vegetation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

水温传感器放置深度研究现状   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

杨明波  郑轶文  邢成起  王同利  韩孔艳  崔博文 《地震地磁观测与研究》2015,(3)

通过调研井孔水温传感器放置情况及水温观测现状和效果,剖析了在井水温度观测中存在的问题,尤其是水温传感器放置条件(深度)对观测效果的影响问题,就水温传感器的最佳放置条件,综述近年相关研究进展,包括水温微动态特征的影响因素和成因机制的研究。  相似文献   

A methodology for the performance evaluation of low-cost accelerometer and magnetometer sensors in geomatics applications     

Photis Patonis  Petros Patias  Ilias N. Tziavos  Dimitrios Rossikopoulos 《地球空间信息科学学报》2018,21(2):139-148

This paper presents a methodology and its software implementation for the performance evaluation of low-cost accelerometer and magnetometer sensors for use in geomatics applications. A known mathematical calibration model has been adopted. The method was completed with statistical methodologies for adjusting observations and has been extended to calculate accuracies for the attitude, heading, and tilt angles estimation that are of interest to geomatics applications. The evaluation method consists of two stages. First, the evaluation method reviews the total magnitude of acceleration or the strength of the magnetic field. Second, the evaluation is more detailed and concerns the determination of mathematical parameters that describe both accelerometer and magnetometer working model. A software tool that implements the evaluation model has been developed and is applied both in accelerometer and magnetometer measurement data-sets acquired from a low-cost sensor system.  相似文献   

综合PNT体系及其关键技术   总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1  

杨元喜 《测绘学报》2016,45(5):505-510

综合定位、导航与授时(PNT)的核心是不过分依赖GNNS,采用一切可以应用的PNT信息源实施全空域目标定位、导航与授时服务。本文分析了综合PNT需求,论述了综合PNT的基本定义和基本概念,分析了综合PNT所涉及的信息源,论述了综合PNT关联的核心技术,包括多源PNT传感器集成技术、多源PNT的数据融合技术。强调指出,综合PNT体系的信息源必须是"基于不同物理原理的多源信息";综合PNT的运控系统应该基于云平台,实现用户志愿者共同测控;用户终端或传感器必须"深度集成、低功耗";PNT服务信息必须是"智能融合或自适应融合"。综合PNT系统应该在统一时空基准下,满足服务的可用性、精确性、可靠性、连续性和稳健性。  相似文献   

感知技术在文化遗产研究中的应用与展望   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王娟  孟斌  张景秋  李琛  邹柏贤 《地理科学进展》2017,36(9):1092-1098

感知技术的发展为文化遗产的探测、保护、利用和传承带来了机遇和挑战。鉴于当前文化遗产研究中应用的感知技术的复杂性及多样性,本文对感知技术及其在文化遗产研究中的应用进行系统梳理。首先,对感知技术的概念进行总结,重点介绍在文化遗产研究中发挥重要作用的多源遥感平台、社交媒体、移动通讯、智能交通等多源传感器的特点,以及关键信息处理技术,包括数据挖掘和知识发现、可视化技术以及虚拟现实技术;其次,梳理了感知技术在物质文化遗产、非物质文化遗产以及群体对于文化遗产的体验和评价等方面的应用进展;最后,探讨了文化遗产研究中感知技术在数据精度、多源数据融合、信息处理等方面存在的问题,指出其数据共享化、平台网络化和应用社会化的发展趋势。  相似文献   

Optimal placement of sensors on buildings subjected to intermediate‐storey excitation according to QN control method     

Liping Xing  Eizaburo Tachibana  Yutaka Inoue 《地震工程与结构动力学》2002,31(1):1-13

An algorithm to calculate direct velocity feedback gain with limited number of sensors is developed in a simple way such that a certain performance index is minimized according to QN control method. If a limited number of velocity outputs can be measured, full velocity responses of the whole structure can be interpolated based on the mode shapes. By defining the performance index function as a combination of the structure's velocity responses and control forces only, feedback gain can be determined according to QN control method with the external excitation being taken into account throughout the entire algorithm. Control forces are then regulated by the time‐invariant feedback gain matrix. The effective location of the active control devices for a building structure subjected to intermediate‐storey excitation has been determined to be in the three floors adjacent to the vibration source. Hence for the purpose of this paper, only the optimal placement of sensors is verified. It is shown in this paper that if the dynamic behaviour of the structure is well described by a mathematical model, sufficient response reduction effect can be achieved according to the new DVFC algorithm, and the degradation of control performance due to time delay can also be verified. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献