青岛市生态环境变化遥感监测与分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘宇  齐建伟  卢宏钟  王光辉  高欣圆  王界  张涛 《测绘通报》2020,(9):60-65

城市化进程不断加快带来一系列生态环境问题，本文利用植被指数、湿度指数、地表温度、建筑物—裸土指数定量表征绿度、湿度、热度、干度4个生态要素指标，通过主成分分析法，建立遥感生态指数模型，并从时间和空间两个维度对比分析2013、2019年两个时期遥感生态指数。结果表明，青岛市生态环境呈局部优化改进、整体下降趋势；同时，将青岛市遥感生态指数与人类活动相关的地表覆盖变化数据、路网交通数据、夜光数据进行耦合性分析，进一步分析探寻生态环境变化的影响因子。  相似文献   

Integrating cellular automata,artificial neural network,and fuzzy set theory to simulate threatened orchards: application to Maragheh,Iran   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mehdi Azari  Amin Tayyebi  Marco Helbich  Mohsen Ahadnejad Reveshty 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2016,53(2):183-205

Urbanization processes challenge the growth of orchards in many cities in Iran. In Maragheh, orchards are crucial ecological, economical, and tourist sources. To explore orchards threatened by urban expansion, this study first aims to develop a new model by coupling cellular automata (CA) and artificial neural network with fuzzy set theory (CA–ANN–Fuzzy). While fuzzy set theory captures the uncertainty associated with transition rules, the ANN considers spatial and temporal nonlinearities of the driving forces underlying the urban growth processes. Second, the CA–ANN–Fuzzy model is compared with two existing approaches, namely a basic CA and a CA coupled with an ANN (CA–ANN). Third, we quantify the amount of orchard loss during the last three decades as well as for the upcoming years up to 2025. Results show that CA–ANN–Fuzzy with 83% kappa coefficient performs significantly better than conventional CA (with 51% kappa coefficient) and CA–ANN (with 79% kappa coefficient) models in simulating orchard loss. The historical data shows a considerable loss of 26% during the last three decades, while the CA–ANN–Fuzzy simulation reveals a considerable future loss of 7% of Maragheh’s orchards in 2025 due to urbanization. These areas require special attention and must be protected by the local government and decision-makers.  相似文献   

中国人口城镇化质量评价及省际差异分析   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  

薛德升  曾献君 《地理学报》2016,71(2):194-39

新型城镇化是中国的重要国策,对人的城镇(市)化的科学评价是正确认识城镇化和制定相关政策的重要基础.目前城--乡二元分析框架下的以城镇化率和城镇(或区域)城镇化质量为主的评价方法,难以反映城镇化过程中社会结构的变化,同时乡村人口的城镇化发展也被忽略.本文提出人口城镇化质量的概念,建立了衡量人口城镇化质量的指标体系.对1995,2000,2005,2010和2012年全国及各省市的城镇人口,乡村人口及总人口的城镇化质量进行了分析.研究发现:① 尽管城镇人口的城镇化速度显著快于乡村人口,但城镇化并非城镇人口独有的社会过程.② 城乡两类人口的城镇化质量在省域尺度上正逐步形成差异明显的空间格局.③ 北京,上海,浙江等少数省市乡村人口的城镇化质量已经超越部分内地省市城镇人口的城镇化质量.建议更新对城镇化的认识和评价标准,探索在城镇化发达的地区调整城--乡二元体制的新途径,促进中国城镇化的健康发展.  相似文献   

Investigation into the daily precipitation variability in the Yangtze River Delta,China     

Yan‐Fang Sang  Zhonggen Wang  Zongli Li  Changming Liu  Xiaojie Liu 《水文研究》2013,27(2):175-185

In this article, by using the daily precipitation data measured at 58 meteorological stations, spatial and temporal variability of daily precipitation including zero rainfall values (called “precipitation”) and without zero rainfall values (called “rain”) and four precipitation extrema (P₀, P₂₀, P₅₀, and P₁₀₀ representing the daily precipitation with the magnitude smaller than 0.1 mm, bigger than 20 mm, 50 mm, and 100 mm per day, respectively) in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) during 1958–2007 were analyzed, and the effects of urbanization were further investigated. Results indicate that (i) differing from the downward trends in 1958–1985, daily precipitation and rain in 1986–2007 show slowly downward trends in the mid YRD but show upward trends in the northern and southern YRD. (ii) Spatial and temporal variability of the rain is more complex than daily precipitation. Both of them become smaller but show more obvious fluctuations in 1986–2007. (iii) Urbanizations cause not only the urban rainfall island problem but also more obvious fluctuations of rain intensity in the mid YRD, reflecting more uncertainty of daily precipitation variability. (iv) Urbanizations have little effects on the variability of P₀ and P₁₀₀ but cause notable increases of P₂₀ and P₅₀. (v) The spatial variability of daily precipitation and precipitation extrema in 1958–1985 clearly shows a breakpoint at 30°20′N latitude, but the breakpoint disappears afterward because of the effects of urbanization. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

广东“三普”至“四普”间人口城镇化状况分析     

钟逢干  陈跃 《热带地理》1994,14(1):19-26

广东省改革开放的前沿，在第３、第４两次普查间人口城镇化的特征是：发展速度快，人口流动性增强，呈强的面上扩展态势，地区差异明显。这些特征的形成与广东省的社会经济发展特点和格局密切相关。未来２０年内广东省人口城镇化将大致保持现在的特点并持续地较快发展。  相似文献   

Hydrogeologic role in sinkhole development in the desert of Kuwait     

F. Shaqour 《Environmental Geology》1994,23(3):201-208

Sinkhole development is unlikely in desert areas with very low precipitation. However, a few cases of land subsidence and sinkhole development took place within the suburbs of Kuwait City. A few sinkholes developed in a sudden and rapid way, leading to great economic losses. In this paper the mechanism and causes of such a land subsidence are described. Decline in groundwater level and downward infiltration of excess irrigation are suggested to be the main factors in the development of the land subsidence in Kuwait. Urbanization and excessive garden irrigation are most probably the triggers of the sudden and rapid land subsidence.  相似文献   

气温长期演变趋势中城市化的可能影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

余晖  罗哲贤 《南京气象学院学报》1995,18(3):450-454

利用兰州、上海及其周围站点的１月和年平均气温资料，通过对比，分析了城市化对气温长度演变趋势的影响。结果表明在区域性气候增暖过程中，城市化的影响是不可忽略的。  相似文献   

云南民族地区城市化与产业集群关系的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐丽华  武友德 《云南地理环境研究》2007,19(5):21-24,29

云南民族地区作为欠发达地区,在发展的过程中面临着很多的问题,这些问题无一不与城市化密切相关,而产业集群作为一种新的经济发展模式,显现出了它独特的优势,所以正确认识产业集群与城市化的互动关系,是云南民族区域要实现区域的协调发展的关键.产业集群与城市化是耦合发展的,在分析云南民族地区产业集群与城市化互动发展现状的基础上,云南必须选择符合自身发展的互动发展模式,最后提出云南城市化发展与产业集群互动发展的政策建议.  相似文献   

1961-2004年乌鲁木齐城市化过程中的冷化效应   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  

李珍  姜逢清  胡汝骥  朱传民 《干旱区地理》2007,30(2):231-239

利用乌鲁木齐和达坂城1961-2000年月平均气温,2001-2004年月平均最低气温和月平均最高气温资料,分析了乌鲁木齐和达坂城两地平均温Tm、平均最高温Tmax、平均最低温Tmin及其对应值的差值(ΔTu-rm、ΔTu-rmax、ΔTu-rmin)随时间的变化趋势特征。结果表明,乌鲁木齐城市化过程中冷化效应和热岛效应同时存在。近40多年来,乌鲁木齐年Tmm、Tmax有微弱的下降趋势,春季、夏季Tm、Tmax、Tmin和秋季Tm、Tmax均呈下降趋势,以夏季最为显著,而冬季Tm、Tmax、Tmin呈上升趋势;乌鲁木齐和达坂城之间年、春季、夏季和秋季ΔTu-rm、ΔTu-rmax、ΔTu-rmin均呈显著的下降趋势,冬季气温差值显著上升。降水量的增加、城市绿化和城市灌溉面积的增大,可能对乌鲁木齐城市化过程中的气候冷化产生了影响。  相似文献   

中原城市群公路网络建设与城市化水平相关性研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

梁留科  牛智慧 《地域研究与开发》2007,26(2):48-51,96

分析了中原城市群地区1994～2004年公路交通网络和城市化的发展及现状,寻求区域内公路网络发展和城市化水平相关性,得出二者无论是在时间序列还是在空间系列上都具有显著的线性相关性.证明陈彦光提出的线性相关模型不仅可应用于铁路交通网络分析,而且还能适用于公路交通网络分析.在市场经济条件下,交通网络与城市化是同步发展、相互促进的,且相关性更强.  相似文献