排序方式： 共有52条查询结果，搜索用时 203 毫秒
31.
三峡库区重庆段生态与环境敏感性综合评价 总被引：17，自引：3，他引：14
在RS与GIS 技术的支持下,选择研究区比较突出的土壤侵蚀、石漠化、生境和酸雨4 个生态环境要素建立敏感性评价模型与方法,对三峡库区重庆段生态环境敏感性进行综合研究,定量揭示了研究区生态环境敏感性程度及其空间分布规律。研究结果表明：(1) 土壤侵蚀以高度敏感、中度敏感和极敏感为主;东北部是土壤侵蚀最为敏感的区域;土壤侵蚀现状与土壤侵蚀敏感性具有很好的对应关系。(2) 石漠化总体以不敏感为主,其次是高度敏感和中度敏感;高度以上敏感区主要分布东北部地区,中度以上石漠化与石漠化高度和极敏感区具有很好的对应关系。(3) 生境敏感性类型以不敏感为主,其次为高度敏感地区;东北部和南部生境敏感性高,而中西部地区生境敏感性低。(4) 酸雨高度敏感面积和比例最大,其次是中度敏感和轻度敏感区;极敏感区呈块状零星散布、高度敏感区和中度敏感区集中片状分布、轻度敏感和不敏感区沿江河带状分布,部分呈团块状散布。(5) 生态环境敏感性类型以高度敏感为主,其次为中度敏感区和不敏感区;东北部和南部生态环境敏感性高,中西部地区生态环境敏感性低。 相似文献
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北方13省土地利用/覆盖动态变化分析 总被引：20，自引：9，他引：11
对北方13省1989~1999年的宏观土地利用/覆盖动态变化进行分析。结果表明:研究区草地、水体的退化以及未利用地的不断扩展增加区域生态系统的敏感性和脆弱性,生态环境压力进一步增大;土地利用/覆盖总体破碎度不断增加,土地利用向着多样化和均质化方向发展;10年间,各种土地利用/覆盖类型重心的空间位置均有所变化。水体变化最明显,其次为未利用地、耕地和城建用地;各种土地利用/覆盖类型变化表现出明显的区域差异。 相似文献
33.
A 28-Year Climatological Analysis of Size Parameters for Northwestern Pacific Tropical Cyclones 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
A 28-year best track dataset containing size parameters that include the radii of the 15.4 m s^-1 winds （R15） and the 25.7 m s^-1 winds （R26） of tropical cyclones （TCs） in the Northwestern Pacific, the NCEP/ NCAR reanalysis dataset and the Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature （ERSST） dataset are employed in this study. The climatology of size parameters for the tropical cyclones in the Northwestern Pacific from 1977 to 2004 is investigated in terms of the spatial and temporal distributions. The results show that the major activity of TCs in the Northwestern Pacific is from July to October. A majority of TCs lie over the ocean west of 150°E, and a few TCs can intensify to the Saffir-Simpson （S-S） categories 4, 5. Both R15 and R26 tend to increase as the tropical cyclones intensify. The values of R15 and R26 are larger for intense TCs in the Northwestern Pacific than in the North Atlantic generally. Both R15 and R26 peak in October, and before and after October, R15 and R26 decrease, which is different from the case in the North Atlantic. The smaller R15s and R26s occur in a large range over the Northwestern Pacific, while the larger R15s and R26s mainly lie in the eastern ocean from Taiwan Island to the Philippine Islands where many tropical cyclones develop in intense systems. The tropical cyclones with size parameters of R15 or R26 on average take a longer time to intensify than to weaken, and the weak tropical cyclones have faster weakening rates than intensification rates. From 1977 to 2004, the annual mean values of R15 increase basically with year; during the 28-year period, the value of R15 increases by 52.7 kin, but R26 does not change with year obviously. 相似文献
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There is distinct difference in the tangential wind profile between different typhoons in the western North Pacific. At present, only two parameters, maximum wind and radius of maximum wind, are used in NCAR-AFWA bogus for MM5 mesoscale numerical model. As a result, sometimes the outer structure of typhoon cannot be described accurately. The tangential wind profile of NCAR-AFWA bogus is improved by introducing radii of 25.7 m/s and 15.4 m/s, and then the track and intensity of Typhoon Nockten (No.0425) are simulated. The results show that the simulations of track and intensity of typhoon both have been improved by simultaneously introducing the radii in the tangential wind profile of typhoon bogus. At the same time, there is improvement in the gale wind range of the typhoon simulated. 相似文献
35.
广东热带气旋短期气候预测—相空间相似预报方法的应用 总被引：2，自引：4，他引：2
利用非线性理论，对广东省热带气旋年频数时间序列采用相空间向量相似和相空间投影预报方法建立预报模型。经过5年方案的试验，发现这两种方法都有一定的预报能力，而且通过对比发现，热带气旋年频数内在的性质和外部强迫因子的作用在预报中都不可忽视，且外部因子的选取是否适当也是非常重要的。 相似文献
37.
广东热带气旋年际变化的小波分析 总被引：20，自引：4，他引：20
利用《台风年鉴》资料，分析了1951－1999年登陆或严重影响广东的热带气旋的年频数和初旋登陆日期的气候规律。除了利用一般的统计方法以外，还利用近年来分析时间序列比较新的方法，即小波分析。通过对MHAT和MORLET两个小波函数进行分析，分析比较了两个不同小波在其他条件相同情况下的变换结果，分析指出MORLET小波的方差能够比较好的显示出主要的周期，周期－时间序列图可以体现出在各个时段的主要影响周期，MORLET的周期－时间序列图与原序列相比，有较小的飘移现象：MHAT小波虽然没有这种飘移现象，但是其方差的高频部分掩盖了主要周期，使得主要周期与MORLET小波相比方差没有那么明显。同时对放大因子a的两种不同取法做了比较，发现利用a取为2的指数的方法选取a比一般连续的选取a在方差上更能体现主要的周期。年频数的初旋日期的周期分析发现周期分析提取的主要周期与小波变换后得到的主要周期类似。 相似文献
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39.
The Effect of Intensity： Typhoon-Induced SST Cooling on Typhoon The Case of Typhoon Chanchu （2006） 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
In order to investigate air-sea interactions during the life cycle of typhoons and the quantificational effects of typhoon-induced SST cooling on typhoon intensity, a mesoscale coupled air-sea model is developed based on the non-hydrostatic mesoscale model MM5 and the regional ocean model POM, which is used to simulate the life cycle of Typhoon Chanchu （2006） from a tropical depression to a typhoon followed by a steady weakening. The results show that improved intensity prediction is achieved after considering typhoon-induced SST cooling; the trend of the typhoon intensity change simulated by the coupled model is consistent with observations. The weakening stage of Typhoon Chanchu from 1200 UTC 15 May to 1800 UTC 16 May can be well reproduced, and it is the typhoon-induced SST cooling that makes Chanchu weaken during this period. Analysis reveals that the typhoon-induced SST cooling reduces the sensible and latent heat fluxes from the ocean to the typhoon＇s vortex, especially in the inner-core region. In this study, the average total heat flux in the inner-core region of the typhoon decrease by 57.2%, whereas typhoon intensity weakens by 46%. It is shown that incorporation of the typhoon-induced cooling, with an average value of 2.17℃, causes a 46-hPa weakening of the typhoon, which is about 20 hPa per 1℃ change in SST. 相似文献
40.