排序方式： 共有54条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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QI Jianhua LI Xianguo FENG Lijuan ZHANG Manping 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2006,5(1):85-90
Total suspended particulate （TSP） samples were collected at three sites along the coast of Qingdao, China, before and during a major dust storm in March, 2002. For comparison, PM10（particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 10μm） samples were collected at one of the three sites. The morphological observation and compositional analysis of bulk and individual particles were performed by using scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray system （SEM/EDX） for the TSP and PM10 samples. The results showed that the particles of different kinds of morphology had different elemental compositions, but the particles of similar morphology did not always have the same elemental composition for non-dust samples. The morphology and composition of non-dust particles were different at different sites. The fractal and spherical particles existed mainly in the coarse fraction for non-dust samples, while in the fine mode （〈 10μm） there were floccules formed by fine particles flocking together and containing crustal elements. Compared with the non-dust particles, the dust particles were more homogeneous in terms of morphology, particle size and composition. Particles with irregular shapes and well-distributed sizes dominated in the dust samples, containing crustal elements such as Mg, A1, Si, Ca, Fe, etc. The high sulfur content indicated that homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions took place on the surfaces of the dust particles in the specific environment of Qingdao. 相似文献
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通过采集兰州市和延安市主城区的土壤灰尘样品,测量了其粒径组成,界定了土壤和灰尘不同粒径的空间分布,分析了环境影响。结果表明:兰州市和延安市城市土壤灰尘粒径组成有明显的分布特征,主要集中在小于100μm的部分,整体粒径分布情况为:粉黏粒(<50μm)>极细砂(50~100μm)>细砂(100~250μm)>中砂(250~500μm)>粗砂(500~1000μm)。其中兰州市小于100μm灰尘颗粒物粒径所占比例(69.17%)大于延安市(53.49%),极易在外动力条件下再次扬起成为扬尘污染的潜在污染源。从2个城市土壤和灰尘灰尘的潜在来源,工业活动对土壤小粒径组分的影响可能更大,频繁的人类活动对灰尘小粒径组分的影响可能更大。 相似文献
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Jose A. Centeno Angus Cook Phil Weinstein 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):222-223
This discussion reviews environmental toxicology and health effects of trace elements and compounds carried in natural dusts of geologic or geochemical origin. The sources of these dusts are diverse, including volcanoes, dust storms, long-range transport of desert dust, and displacement through natural processes such as landslides and earthquakes. Estimates diverge greatly in terms of the total quantities of dust transported, although recent papers place annual volumes at over 1 billion tons from the main African deserts alone. Anthropogenic influences （such as from farming and irrigation） have contributed to dust formation by enhancing the process of desertification, with losses of over 10 million hectares （~29 million acres） of farmland per year. The principal elements and compounds which are examined in this presentation are trace metals and metalloids, radioactive elements, fluoride, silicates, natural asbestiform compounds, and alkali salts. The pathways by which such agents affect human populations are examined, including carriage through water, air, soil and the foodchain. The mechanisms of biotoxicity, and the acute and chronic consequences on health, associated with toxic trace metals are described. 相似文献
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In the Middle East, dust storms are a persistent problem and can be easily inhaled into the mouth, nasal pharynx, and lungs due to their small size and abundance. The acute and chronic effects from exposure to this dust have not been well studied nor has the dust been characterized as to its chemical composition, mineral content, or microbial flora. Experiments were designed to study the Middle East dust as to its physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Kuwaiti and Iraqi dust samples from different locations were collected and processed. Initial chemical and physical characterization of each sample including particle size distribution and inorganic analysis was conducted using ICP-MS for 57 different elements. 相似文献
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Aerosol optical depth(AOD) is the most basic parameter that describes the optical properties of atmospheric aerosols,and it can be used to indicate aerosol content. In this study, we assimilated AOD data from the Fengyun-3 A(FY-3 A) and MODIS meteorological satellite using the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation three-dimensional variational data assimilation system. Experiments were conducted for a dust storm over East Asia in April 2011. Each 0600 UTC analysis initialized a24-h Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry model forecast. The results generally showed that the assimilation of satellite AOD observational data can significantly improve model aerosol mass prediction skills. The AOD distribution of the analysis field was closer to the observations of the satellite after assimilation of satellite AOD data. In addition, the analysis resulting from the experiment assimilating both FY-3 A/MERSI(Medium-resolution Spectral Imager) AOD data and MODIS AOD data had closer agreement with the ground-based values than the individual assimilation of the two datasets for the dust storm over East Asia. These results suggest that the Chinese FY-3 A satellite aerosol products can be effectively applied to numerical models and dust weather analysis. 相似文献
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芜湖市区地表灰尘中重金属粒径效应及其健康风险评价 总被引：22，自引：2，他引：20
对芜湖市区高新技术开发区、中心城区、经济技术开发区等21个地表灰尘样品中重金属含量的粒径分布效应及其细粒径灰尘重金属健康风险进行分析。结果表明:芜湖市区地表灰尘中9种重金属含量的变化范围较大,并存在不同程度的污染,其中Cd的平均值是土壤背景值的30倍以上。Zn、Cd、Pb、Co、Ni、Cu含量在经济技术开发区最大,Mn在高新技术开发区最大,Cr、V在中心城区最大。不同重金属的粒径分布效应差异较大,大部分重金属在160~200目粒径段的含量最高。重金属主要富集在75μm粒径级别上,富集比例约为50%,大小顺序依次为:CdCuZnCrNiPbCoVMn。手-口摄入途径是儿童对细粒径地表灰尘重金属暴露的主要途径。不同重金属非致癌风险大小依次为:PbCrMnVCuCdCoNiZn,均不构成明显的风险,但经济技术开发区的各重金属叠加风险指数达1.266,存在非致癌风险。Cr、Cd、Co和Ni致癌风险均低于风险阈值,不会对人体造成健康危害。 相似文献
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