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本文分析了由中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室（LASG/IAP）最新发展的FGOALS－g快速耦合模式300 a积分模拟结果,通过与多种观测资料的对比分析,讨论了北太平洋年代际变率的时空结构、主要年代际模态的演变特征以及与ENSO的联系等研究内容. 结果表明：该模式能成功模拟出北太平洋年代际变率的主要空间分布特征;模拟的年代际模态具有多时间尺度性,其中最显著的是周期约为10～20 a左右的准20年振荡模态,该模态上层海洋热容量异常的演变过程主要表现为大致沿副热带海洋涡旋做海盆尺度顺时针旋转的特征,相应的大气异常不仅与阿留申低压的变异有关,而且与太平洋-北美PNA）遥相关型以及上游的欧亚大气环流异常有密切关系;模拟的北太平洋年代际变率对年际ENSO循环的发生频率和强度有明显的调制作用. 但模拟的KOE区和阿拉斯加湾SST异常振幅比观测偏强,这与模式海冰偏多、高纬度SST偏冷的误差有关. 相似文献
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Long-term variations in a sea surface wind speed(WS) and a significant wave height(SWH) are associated with the global climate change, the prevention and mitigation of natural disasters, and an ocean resource exploitation,and other activities. The seasonal characteristics of the long-term trends in China's seas WS and SWH are determined based on 24 a(1988–2011) cross-calibrated, multi-platform(CCMP) wind data and 24 a hindcast wave data obtained with the WAVEWATCH-III(WW3) wave model forced by CCMP wind data. The results show the following.(1) For the past 24 a, the China's WS and SWH exhibit a significant increasing trend as a whole, of3.38 cm/(s·a) in the WS, 1.3 cm/a in the SWH.(2) As a whole, the increasing trend of the China's seas WS and SWH is strongest in March-April-May(MAM) and December-January-February(DJF), followed by June-July-August(JJA), and smallest in September-October-November(SON).(3) The areal extent of significant increases in the WS was largest in MAM, while the area decreased in JJA and DJF; the smallest area was apparent in SON. In contrast to the WS, almost all of China's seas exhibited a significant increase in SWH in MAM and DJF; the range was slightly smaller in JJA and SON. The WS and SWH in the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, East China Sea, the Tsushima Strait, the Taiwan Strait, the northern South China Sea, the Beibu Gulf, and the Gulf of Thailand exhibited a significant increase in all seasons.(4) The variations in China's seas SWH and WS depended on the season. The areas with a strong increase usually appeared in DJF. 相似文献
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Numerical Experiment on Impact of Anomalous SST Warming in Kuroshio Extension in Previous
Winter on East Asian Summer Monsoon 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The impact of anomalous sea surface temperature (SST) warming in the Kuroshio Extension in the previous winter on the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) was investigated by performing simulation tests using NCAR CAM3.The results show that anomalous SST warming in the Kuroshio Extension in winter causes the enhancement and northward movement of the EASM.The monsoon indexes for East Asian summer monsoon and land-sea thermal difference,which characterize the intensity of the EASM,show an obvious increase during the onset period of the EASM.Moreover,the land-sea thermal difference is more sensitive to warmer SST.Low-level southwesterly monsoon is clearly strengthened meanwhile westerly flows north (south) of the subtropical westerly jet axis are strengthened (weakened) in northern China,South China Sea,and the Western Pacific Ocean to the east of the Philippines.While there is an obvious decrease in precipitation over the Japanese archipelago and adjacent oceans and over the area from the south of the Yangtze River in eastern China to the Qinling Mountains in southern China,precipitation increases notably in northern China,the South China Sea,the East China Sea,the Yellow Sea,and the Western Pacific to the east of the Philippines.North China is the key area where the response of the EASM to the SST anomalous warming in the Kuroshio Extension is prominent.The surface air temperature shows a warming trend.The warming in the entire troposphere between 30oN and 50oN increases the land-sea thermal contrast,which plays an important role in the enhancement of the EASM.Atmospheric circulation and precipitation anomalies in China and its adjacent regions have a close relationship with the enhancement of the Western Pacific subtropical high and its northward extension. 相似文献
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1960～2011年江淮地区夏季极端高温日数的特征及成因分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
基于江淮地区气象站1960~2011年逐日最高气温资料,分析了江淮地区在北半球夏季极端高温日数的年际变化及其与大气环流场和海温的关系。结果表明在江淮流域极端高温日偏多(少)时,其上空对流层中上层出现了具有正压结构的异常反气旋(气旋)环流,以及热成风涡度平流导致的下沉(上升)运动;亚洲西风急流的位置偏北(南),并且200 h Pa经向风场有明显的类似丝绸之路遥相关型的波列结构。在江淮地区极端高温日数偏多(少)的年份,前期的赤道太平洋中部,中国南海、孟加拉湾以及阿拉伯海海温呈现显著的正(负)异常,同期的中国东部海区、南日本海的海温呈现显著的正(负)异常。利用耦合模式比较计划第五阶段(CMIP5)中的8个模式的结果,评估了CMIP5模式对中国江淮地区夏季年平均极端高温的模拟效果,在此基础上,对未来极端高温的变化进行了预估。模式结果表明,在RCP(Representative Concentration Pathway)2.6情景下,21世纪末江淮地区夏季极端高温日数将可能达20 d左右;在RCP4.5情景下,21世纪末极端高温日数可能达40 d左右;在RCP8.5情景下,21世纪末极端高温日数将可能达约70 d。 相似文献
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基于1982—2013年逐月NCEP资料及GODAS资料,采用回归分析、合成分析以及2.5层简化海洋模式数值模拟等方法,研究了热带东印度洋的大气和海洋过程对印度洋海温偶极子(IOD,Indian Ocean Dipole)东极(IODE,IOD East pole)海温异常的影响。结果表明,IODE海温异常的演变超前IOD西极(IODW,IOD West pole)海温异常的演变,并对IOD事件的生成和发展起到关键作用。初夏,来自阿拉伯海、中南半岛地区以及孟加拉湾西南部的水汽输送,导致孟加拉湾东部出现强降水。降水释放的潜热在热带东印度形成了一个跨越赤道的经向环流,有利于加强赤道东印度洋的过赤道气流,并在苏门答腊沿岸形成偏南风异常。该异常偏南风通过影响混合层垂向夹卷混合过程和纬向平流过程,导致IODE海温迅速下降。随后赤道东南印度洋异常东南风迅速增强以及赤道中印度洋东风异常的出现,增强了自东南印度洋向西印度洋的水汽输送,削弱了向孟加拉湾的水汽输送,使西南印度洋的降水增强,孟加拉湾东部的降水减弱。因此,IOD达到盛期前孟加拉湾东部的降水通过局地经向环流在苏门答腊沿岸形成偏南风异常,导致苏门答腊沿岸迅速的降温,并最终导致IOD事件的发生。 相似文献
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37.
Based on the simulated ice thickness data from 1949 to 1999,monthly mean temperature data from 160 stations,and monthly mean 1 × 1 precipitation data reconstructed from 749 stations in China from 1951 to 2000,the relationship between the Arctic sea ice thickness distribution and the climate of China is analyzed by using the singular value decomposition method.Climate patterns of temperature and precipitation are obtained through the rotated empirical orthogonal function analysis.The results are as follows.(1) Sea ice in Arctic Ocean has a decreasing trend as a whole,and varies with two major periods of 12-14 and 16-20 yr,respectively.(2) When sea ice is thicker in central Arctic Ocean and Beaufort-Chukchi Seas,thinner in Barents-Kara Seas and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea,precipitation is less in southern China,Tibetan Plateau,and the north part of northeastern China than normal,and vice versa.(3) When sea ice is thinner in the whole Arctic seas,precipitation is less over the middle and lower reaches of Yellow River and north part of northeastern China,more in Tibetan Plateau and south part of northeastern China than normal,and the reverse is also true.(4) When sea ice is thinner in central Arctic Ocean,East Siberian Sea,Beaufort-Chukchi Seas,and Greenland Sea;and thicker in Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea,air temperature is higher in northeastern China,southern Tibetan Plateau,and Hainan Island than normal.(5) When sea ice is thicker in East Siberian Sea 5 months earlier,thinner in Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea 7-15 months earlier,air temperature is lower over the north of Tibetan Plateau and higher in the north part of northwestern China than normal,and a reverse correlation also exists. 相似文献
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基于交叉验证的多模式超级集合预报方法研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
利用AREM、MM5和WRF 3个中尺度有限区域模式,通过选取对短期天气预报影响颇大的积云参数化方案和边界层方案构成15个集合预报成员,以2003年7月汛期天气为研究对象,分别采用相关加权、多元线性回归以及支持向量机回归与"交叉验证"相结合的方法,开展有限区域模式的多模式短期超级集合预报研究.文中主要对上述3种方法的24 h降水和700 hPa流场的超级集合预报结果与多模式集合平均预报结果以及T213模式结果进行了对比分析,结果表明:(1)对于24 h降水,支持向量机回归方法的超级集合预报得到的均方根误差比多模式集合平均小,各降水临界值的TS异常评分比多模式集合平均高;并且它也较相关加权法和多元线性回归的超级集合预报效果好.(2)对于700 hPa流场,对比分析各预报结果经过向量EOF分析得到的风场第1模态和第2模态表明,多模式集合平均主要使风场强度变小,多元线性回归和支持向量机回归的超级集合预报可以较好地刻画风场的强度分布,其中支持向量机回归的超级集合预报对风场强度及其区域分布的预报效果最好.(3)对于700 hPa流场,超级集合预报明显优于同期T213模式预报,从相同的预报均方根误差意义看,支持向量机回归的超级集合预报至少较T213模式预报能提前12 h. 相似文献
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不同对流参数化方案对1991年江淮暴雨的模拟对比 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用最新发布的区域气候模式RegCM3．1,分别引入Grell-AS、Grell-FC、Kuo和MIT-Emanuel 4种积云对流参数化方案,对1991年5～7月江淮地区暴雨进行模拟试验。从各月降水量的模拟来看,Grell—AS方案较好地模拟出了江淮暴雨的强度,尤其是对7月降水的强度和位置的模拟与观测非常接近;Grell—FC方案能较好地反映7月江淮暴雨的强度和位置,但对华南地区降水模拟一直显著偏强;Kuo方案能模拟大尺度降水的情况,但对强对流性降水模拟偏弱;MIT-Emanuel方案较好地反映了5月降水的空间形势,但各月降水的模拟都比观测强。从各区月平均降水的对比发现,Grell-AS和Kuo方案的模拟要优于Grell-FC和MIT-Emanuel方案。从降水的南北变动来看,Grell-AS方案较好地刻画了江淮地区雨带的强度和南北变动。高低空环流形势和整层水汽通量的分析表明,造成MIT-Emanuel方案降水模拟偏强的主要原因与水汽输送偏强有关。对4种积云对流参数化方案进行集合,其结果表明,物理过程集合方法能有效地减小物理过程参数化的不确定性对模拟结果的影响。 相似文献
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1998年武汉大暴雨过程的切变涡度及非绝热加热垂直结构分析 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
文中通过比较 1 998年武汉大暴雨期间相对涡度、切变涡度和纬向切变涡度 (ζs1) ,发现ζs1中心与暴雨中心位置有更好的对应关系 ,其在时序上高空负纬向切变涡度发展要超前强降水出现约 1 d。暴雨发生前高空反气旋性涡度增强 ,且与此同时 ,低层要求有正涡度发展。暴雨发生时段对应着 Q1,Q2 的高值区 ,并具有强上升运动 ,且 Q1,Q2 两者之间存在较强的耦合。视热源中心在 45 0 h Pa,而水汽汇中心主要在 6 0 0 h Pa附近。Q1,Q2 局地变化和平流变化是反位相分布的 ,共同的作用是减小对加热的贡献。Q1中局地变化可省略 ,但 Q2 中局地变化在第2次强降水时段可达 4K/d左右 ,因此不能省略。垂直输送项在 Q1,Q2 中是最主要的加热项 相似文献