西南地区主要水循环过程的数值模拟分析     

王丽琼  于坤  左瑞亭  罗霞  彭道睿 《气候与环境研究》2014,19(5):614-626

利用NCAR的公用陆面模式CLM4.0(Community Land Model 4.0),以1961~2010年普林斯顿大学的大气驱动场资料作为大气强迫场,对西南地区陆面过程变化进行了非耦合模拟试验。分析结果表明:西南地区降水呈现明显的干湿季节特征,季风期降水量分布为东北—西南走向,以印度缅甸一带向东北方向递减;非季风期近似呈东西梯度,以两湖地区为中心向西递减。全年而言,西南地区约有16.7%的降水首先被冠层截留,到达地面后约有60.5%以渗透的形式进入土壤,另有约17.1%形成地表径流,还有少部分降水以直接蒸发的形式加湿低层大气。各水循环因子分布与降水分布密切相关,其中冠层截留、地表径流、冠层蒸发的季风期与非季风期特征差异不大,而地下排水和地表蒸发在非季风期均明显高于非季风期,渗透过程则相反。非季风期西南地区水循环的蒸发高、渗透小、地下排水量显著,这三个过程的共同作用,造成西南地区冬春季陆面水份显著流失,是引发西南春旱的可能原因之一。  相似文献   

基于ArcIMS的科学文献空间化表达与网络检索系统   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

罗永峰杨晓梅  张洪岩 《地球信息科学学报》2004,6(2):58-62

分析了新一代互联网地图服务平台ArcIMS4.0的特点、体系结构及信息的传递机制;运用ASP技术,建立中国海岸带文献数据库网络查询系统,结合基于ArcIMS4.0平台和JSP技术实现文献数据与中国主要海区的空间数据的关联查询;一方面为开展WebGIS领域的研究和应用提供依据,另一方面也为空间数据和属性数据的发布提供一个新路径。  相似文献   

华北平原冬小麦—夏玉米轮作区DLM与CLM5模型模拟对比研究     

王菲  陈报章  陈婧  张慧芳  郭立峰 《地理科学进展》2022,41(2):289-303

作物生长与气候的互馈是当前气候变化研究的热点之一。陆面模型作为一项重要的研究工具,其模型框架、算法设计及参数化方案的不同会直接导致模拟结果的不确定性。为探究陆面模型DLM(dynamic land model)和CLM5(community land model)在作物生长及农田热通量模拟方面的差异及原因,评估2个模型在华北平原作物研究中的适用程度,论文开展了冬小麦—夏玉米轮作站点的模拟对比研究。结果显示,DLM的夏玉米叶面积指数和生态系统总初级生产力的模拟值更高,与观测值更为接近;CLM5模型则在冬小麦模拟中略优。DLM的潜热模拟值与观测值的相关性普遍更高,可能反映了DLM采用的彭曼公式、双叶策略比CLM5采用基于水势梯度质量守恒、大叶策略的潜热计算方法更具优势。对于产量,模型当前的估测能力并不理想。总的来说,在默认设定下,2个模型的模拟结果能基本反映研究区农田站点内夏玉米和冬小麦的生长规律,但与实测值存在一定偏差。模型在该区域的适用性可能需要通过添加农田管理措施、算法优化和参数本地化等方式进一步提高。  相似文献   

中国区域不同深度土壤湿度模拟和评估   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

朱晨  师春香  席琳  黄晓龙 《气象科技》2013,41(3):529-536

利用FY-2静止气象卫星逐小时降水估计产品和地面入射太阳辐射反演产品,利用NCEP/NCAR再分析数据集中的地面气温、湿度、气压和风速数据,构造中国区域高时空分辨率的大气强迫场,驱动CLM3.0陆面模式模拟得到了2005年7月至2010年6月中国区域10 km分辨率的日平均土壤湿度数据集.通过与中国农气观测站土壤湿度数据进行比较分析,结果表明:在0～10 cm和10～20 cm深度上,模式模拟的土壤湿度结果从空间分布和时间变率上均与观测数据有很好的一致性,在70～100 cm深度上,空间分布有较好的一致性,但模式模拟结果的时间变率较小.按照气候特点将中国分为8个区域,分析了区域平均土壤湿度的时间变化规律,中国西北和西南地区有很好的一致性,东北和华北地区次之.  相似文献   

基于辐射传输模型的Hyperion光谱重建应用评价     

张川  刘少峰  刘衍宏  裴晓寅 《国土资源遥感》2010,(2):30-34

光谱重建是高光谱数据定量分析的前提,大气校正是光谱重建的关键环节。对于缺少地面同步测量的高光谱数据,大气辐射传输模型是最可行的大气校正方法。应用当前流行的大气辐射传输模型MODTRAN 4.0和6S,分别对试验区EO-1 Hyperion高光谱数据进行大气校正和光谱重建。通过对植被、粘土矿及水体3类地物光谱重建结果的对比分析,并利用统计方法计算光谱重建精度,评价大气辐射传输模型校正的效果和模型的适用性。最后,通过FLAASH模型的试验体现了高光谱数据大气校正集成化处理的优越性。  相似文献   

Impacts of model initialization on an integrated surface water–groundwater model          下载免费PDF全文

Hoori Ajami  Matthew F. McCabe  Jason P. Evans 《水文研究》2015,29(17):3790-3801

Integrated hydrologic models characterize catchment responses by coupling the subsurface flow with land surface processes. One of the major areas of uncertainty in such models is the specification of the initial condition and its influence on subsequent simulations. A key challenge in model initialization is that it requires spatially distributed information on model states, groundwater levels and soil moisture, even when such data are not routinely available. Here, the impact of uncertainty in initial condition was explored across a 208 km² catchment in Denmark using the ParFlow.CLM model. The initialization impact was assessed under two meteorological conditions (wet vs dry) using five depth to water table and soil moisture distributions obtained from various equilibrium states (thermal, root zone, discharge, saturated and unsaturated zone equilibrium) during the model spin‐up. Each of these equilibrium states correspond to varying computation times to achieve stability in a particular aspect of the system state. Results identified particular sensitivity in modelled recharge and stream flow to the different initializations, but reduced sensitivity in modelled energy fluxes. Analysis also suggests that to simulate a year that is wetter than the spin‐up period, an initialization based on discharge equilibrium is adequate to capture the direction and magnitude of surface water–groundwater exchanges. For a drier or hydrologically similar year to the spin‐up period, an initialization based on groundwater equilibrium is required. Variability of monthly subsurface storage changes and discharge bias at the scale of a hydrological event show that the initialization impacts do not diminish as the simulations progress, highlighting the importance of robust and accurate initialization in capturing surface water–groundwater dynamics. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

An improvement of soil temperature simulations on the Tibetan Plateau     

SiQiong Luo  BoLi Chen  ShiHua Lyu  XueWei Fang  JingYuan Wang  XianHong Meng  LunYu Shang  ShaoYing Wang  Di Ma 《寒旱区科学》2018,10(1):80-94

The simulation of soil temperature on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) plays a dominant role in the performance of both global climate and numerical weather forecast models. To improve the simulation of soil temperature on the TP, the Johansen soil thermal conductivity parameterization scheme was introduced into Community Land Model 3.5 (CLM3.5) and Regional Climatic Model 4 (RegCM4). The improved CLM3.5 and RegCM4-CLM were utilized to conduct offline and regional simulation experiments on the TP. Comparison of the new and old schemes revealed that CLM3.5 provides high thermal conductivity parameters of mineral soil solid on the TP. The Johansen scheme is more practical for the TP than the soil thermal conductivity parameterization in CLM3.5. The simulation of soil temperature and liquid water content was improved in offline experiment. The improved parameterization scheme can also reduce the simulation error of soil temperature in winter throughout the entire TP.  相似文献   

Evaluation of hydrologic components of community land model 4 and bias identification     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2016

Runoff and soil moisture are two key components of the global hydrologic cycle that should be validated at local to global scales in Earth System Models (ESMs) used for climate projection. We have evaluated the runoff and surface soil moisture output by the Community Climate System Model (CCSM) along with 8 other models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) repository using satellite soil moisture observations and stream gauge corrected runoff products. A series of Community Land Model (CLM) runs forced by reanalysis and coupled model outputs was also performed to identify atmospheric drivers of biases and uncertainties in the CCSM. Results indicate that surface soil moisture simulations tend to be positively biased in high latitude areas by most selected CMIP5 models except CCSM, FGOALS, and BCC, which share similar land surface model code. With the exception of GISS, runoff simulations by all selected CMIP5 models were overestimated in mountain ranges and in most of the Arctic region. In general, positive biases in CCSM soil moisture and runoff due to precipitation input error were offset by negative biases induced by temperature input error. Excluding the impact from atmosphere modeling, the global mean of seasonal surface moisture oscillation was out of phase compared to observations in many years during 1985–2004. The CLM also underestimated runoff in the Amazon, central Africa, and south Asia, where soils all have high clay content. We hypothesize that lack of a macropore flow mechanism is partially responsible for this underestimation. However, runoff was overestimated in the areas covered by volcanic ash soils (i.e., Andisols), which might be associated with poor soil porosity representation in CLM. Our results indicate that CCSM predictability of hydrology could be improved by addressing the compensating errors associated with precipitation and temperature and updating the CLM soil representation.  相似文献   

青藏高原多雪年与少雪年土壤水热特征模拟分析     

罗江鑫  吕世华  马翠丽  方雪薇 《高原气象》2022,41(1):35-46

利用耦合了陆面过程模式(CLM4.5)的区域气候模式(RegCM4)分别对青藏高原的一个多雪年和少雪年进行了数值模拟.通过对比模拟雪深与遥感雪深、土壤温湿度的模拟值与观测值、多雪年与少雪年的土壤温湿度模拟值,结果表明,RegCM4-CLM4.5可以有效模拟出高原的多雪年与少雪年特征,模拟雪深大值中心比遥感雪深高10～2...  相似文献   

基于GDF的道路网完全拓扑生成算法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何超英  蒋捷  韩刚  陈军 《地理与地理信息科学》2004,20(2):30-33

拓扑关系生成是导航空间数据库构建的一个关键环节。该文根据ISOGDF4.0的要求和道路网拓扑关系的特点,研究了一种道路网完全拓扑关系的生成算法,即根据点的几何坐标生成结点—边拓扑关系的算法,以及从标识点出发利用Qi算子生成部分非传统面拓扑关系的算法。实验表明,此算法的时间效率较高,特别是部分面拓扑关系的定义及生成算法能满足实际导航应用的需要。  相似文献