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41.
基于向外长波辐射、降水、大气再分析资料和 HYCOM(HYbridCoordinateOcean Model)盐度等资料,研究了 MJO(Madden-JulianOscillation,热带大气季节内振荡)对南海夏季降水的调制,并初步探讨了其对海洋表层盐度的影响。结果显示:MJO 对南海夏季降水有显著的调制作用,导致南海降水具有强的季节内变化,其最显著周期为45d。降水季节内信号在泰国湾北部、吕宋岛以西和台湾岛西南等迎风坡区域较强,而在越南外海的安南山脉背风区域较弱,且降水信号会随着 MJO 信号向东北方向移动。MJO 对流抑制(活跃)中心所在区域,低层大气辐聚减弱(增强),中层大气对流减弱(增强),导致降水减少(增加);此外,MJO 对流抑制(活跃)中心伴随的反气旋式(气旋式)环流会改变风场,风场减弱(增强)使得迎风区域的降水减少(增加)。MJO 引起的降水异常进一步影
响南海盐度,南海表层盐度也有明显的季节内变化特征,其显著周期和降水基本一致,为47d,且盐度异常信号也随降水异常向东北移动。本研究结果有助于进一步了解南海降水和表层盐度的季节内变化特征。 相似文献
42.
大气模式中季节内振荡特征对不同海温强迫场的响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用美国国家大气研究中心 (NCAR)的全球大气模式 (CCM3) ,分别以月平均和周平均海表温度 (SST)为强迫场进行 2个积分试验 (称为 CCMM和 CCMW试验 )。积分结果与观测资料的对比分析发现 ,CCM3模拟大气季节内振荡 (MJO)信号的强度均较观测资料偏弱 ,而其中以CCMW模拟的强度略大而较接近真实。表明 SST强迫场包含更真实的季节内变化信息对提高模拟 MJO强度有作用。 CCMM与 CCMW模拟 MJO活动的时间位相均与观测差别较大 ,直接原因在于 CCM3中降水季节内振荡与 SST变化的相关关系不正确 ,而更根本的问题在于大气模式无法反映资料分析发现的季节内时间尺度的 SST与大气的相互作用。 相似文献
43.
The Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) skeleton model is a low-order model for intraseasonal oscillations that, in an extended form, includes off-equatorial and antisymmetric components. Previous studies of this extended model have used an idealized background state and forcing terms. In the current study, observation-based estimates of these forcing terms and background state are used. Linear solutions to the extended model with this observation-based forcing consist of both equatorially-symmetric convective events and events with a meridional tilt reminiscent of composites of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) in observational studies. Solutions to a nonlinear stochastic form of the model exhibit realistic precipitation mean and variance and intraseasonal variability throughout much of the tropics. These solutions contain several types of events, including meridionally-tilted convective activity that moves both northward and eastward. Solutions to both forms of the model also indicate that this BSISO-like convective activity is coupled to activity over the eastern Pacific. A discussion of these features and their agreement with previous observational studies of the BSISO is given. 相似文献
44.
Madden-Julian Oscillation （MJO）是热带大气在季节内时间尺度上的主要变化特征,MJO对流的活动对全球很多地区的天气和气候系统都有重要的影响,因此MJO是大气科学重要的前沿课题之一.MJO对流的生成过程是MJO研究中公认的最薄弱的环节,文中从MJO的研究背景出发,对MJO对流生成的有关研究工作及其进展进行了回顾与总结,主要包括MJO对流生成的前期信号、MJO对流的数值模拟、MJO对流生成的动力学机制.最后对MJO对流生成研究中还有待解决的问题进行了分析与讨论. 相似文献
45.
MJO对华南前汛期降水的影响及其可能机制 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10
利用站点降水资料、实时多变量MJO(Madden-Julian Oscillation)指数、向外长波辐射(OLR)资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,采用合成分析方法研究了MJO对华南前汛期降水的影响,并讨论其可能机制。结果表明,(1)在MJO不同位相,华南前汛期降水异常有明显的差异,并且这种差异随滞后时长而发生变化。第2~3位相和第6~7位相分别是影响华南前汛期降水的典型"湿位相"和"干位相"。(2)华南前汛期降水对MJO的响应需要一定时间,滞后时长约为1~2候。(3)MJO活跃(受抑)对流可通过激发Rossby波影响华南前汛期降水。当MJO活跃(受抑)对流中心位于赤道印度洋附近时,非绝热加热作用激发的Rossby波到达并影响华南地区,华南地区出现水汽供应的增强(减弱),从而促进(抑制)华南前汛期降水。 相似文献
46.
47.
In this study, two possible persistent anomalies of the Madden-Julian Oscillation mode (MJO) are found in the summer season (persistently Pacific active and Indian Ocean active), and an index is set to define the intensity of the two modes. They are proved to have high statistical correlations to the later ENSO events in the autumn and winter seasons: When persistent anomaly of MJO happens in the Pacific Ocean in summer, El Ni?o events are often induced during the autumn and winter seasons of that year. However, during the other MJO mode when the summer persistent anomaly of MJO occurs in the Indian Ocean, La Ni?a events often follow instead. The analysis of the atmospheric circulation field indicates that persistent anomaly of MJO can probably affect the entire Equatorial Pacific circulation, and results in wind stress anomalies. The wind stress anomalies could excite warm or cold water masses which propagate eastwards at the subsurface ocean. The accumulation of warm or cold subsurface water in the Equatorial Eastern Pacific Ocean may eventually lead to the formation of an ENSO. 相似文献
48.
Observed outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and ERA-Interim reanalysis data were analyzed to reveal the initiation processes associated with a successive and a primary MJO event during 2000-2001. It was found that the initiation of the successive event was caused by anomalous ascending motion induced by low-level horizontal temperature advection. The anomalous ascending motion, together with horizontal moisture advection, moistened lower troposphere and led to an unstable stratification and triggered convection. The initiation of the primary MJO event, on the other hand, was caused by the accumulation of anomalous moisture associated with three low-frequency modes, a convectively coupled Kelvin wave (CCKW), an westward-propagating equatorial Rossby wave (ER) and a weak planetary-scale MJO mode. It is the merging of the low-level specific humidity anomalies of the three modes that led to the rapid setup of large-scale convectively unstable stratification and favored the development of the eastward-propagating planetary-scale MJO mode. 相似文献
49.
This study examines associations between California Central Valley(CCV) heat waves and the Madden Julian Oscillation(MJO). These heat waves have major economic impact. Our prior work showed that CCV heat waves are frequently preceded by convection over the tropical Indian and eastern Pacific oceans, in patterns identifiable with MJO phases. The main analysis method is lagged composites(formed after each MJO phase pair) of CCV synoptic station temperature, outgoing longwave radiation(OLR), and velocity potential(VP). Over the CCV, positive temperature anomalies occur only after the Indian Ocean(phases 2-3) or eastern Pacific Ocean(phases 8-1) convection(implied by OLR and VP fields). The largest fractions of CCV hot days occur in the two weeks after onset of those two phase pairs. OLR and VP composites have significant subsidence and convergence above divergence over the CCV during heat waves, and these structures are each part of larger patterns having significant areas over the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Prior studies showed that CCV heat waves can be roughly grouped into two clusters: Cluster 2 is preceded by a heat wave over northwestern North America, while Cluster 1 is not. OLR and VP composite analyses are applied separately to these two clusters. However, for Cluster 2, the subsidence and VP over the CCV are not significant, and the large-scale VP pattern has low correlation with the MJO lagged composite field. Therefore, the association between the MJO convection and subsequent CCV heat wave is more evident in Cluster 1 than Cluster 2. 相似文献
50.
夏季中国南方流域性致洪暴雨与季风涌的关系 总被引：28，自引：1，他引：28
中国淮河以南地区夏季最易受到洪水灾害的威胁，这种致洪暴雨一般出现在沿着河谷走向的静止锋上。在引发致洪暴雨的环流系统中，季风涌的作用非常重要，它提供了暴雨产生所必须的水汽。分析了1998、2003、2005及2006年中国南方流域性致洪暴雨和东亚季风涌，以及与赤道附近大气环流的30～60天振荡（称作Madden—Julian Oscillation，简称MJO）活动的关系。当来自赤道印度洋的MJO引起南海地区西风的加强；南海西风的加强，触发中国南部大陆出现季风涌；季风涌与来自北方的冷空气交绥，造成静止锋上的致洪暴雨。由此提出我国南方夏季流域性致洪暴雨中、短期预报的基本思路。 相似文献