基于PCA和LOGIT模型的网络入侵检测方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李蕊 《成都信息工程学院学报》2014,29(3):261-267

针对高维度网络数据进行多类攻击行为检测的需求,提出一种基于PCA和Logit模型的网络入侵检测方法,通过PCA对网络数据降维、简化数据集和多项式Logit模型实现对不同攻击行为的识别并判别其类型。实验结果表明,方法在网络入侵识别上具有较理想的效果。  相似文献   

Spatial heterogeneity of soil mineral oxide components in depression between karst hills,Southwest China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Hu Du  Kelin Wang  Wanxia Peng  Fuping Zeng  Tongqing Song  Hao Zhang  Shiyang Lu 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,24(2):163-179

In karst regions,the spatial heterogeneity of soil mineral oxides and environmental variables is still not clear.We investigated the spatial heterogeneity of SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,CaO,MgO,P2O5,K2O,and MnO contents in the soils of slope land,plantation forest,secondary forest,and primary forest,as well as their relationships with environmental variables in a karst region of Southwest China.Geostatistics,principal component analysis(PCA),and canonical correlation analysis(CCA)were applied to analyze the field data.The results show that SiO2was the predominant mineral in the soils(45.02%–67.33%),followed by Al2O3and Fe2O3.Most soil mineral oxide components had a strong spatial dependence,except for CaO,MgO,and P2O5in the plantation forest,MgO and P2O5in the secondary forest,and CaO in the slope land.Dimensionality reduction in PCA was not appropriate due to the strong spatial heterogeneity in the ecosystems.Soil mineral oxide components,the main factors in all ecosystems,had greater influences on vegetation than those of conventional soil properties.There were close relationships between soil mineral oxide components and vegetation,topography,and conventional soil properties.Mineral oxide components affected species diversity,organic matter and nitrogen levels.  相似文献   

海洋生境刀鲚菌群PCR-DGGE指纹图谱构建及分析     

聂志娟  徐钢春  程起群  杜富宽  张勇  顾若波 《海洋科学》2014,38(10):63-69

为了分析海洋生境刀鲚(Coilia nasus)体内及生长环境菌群结构,作者采用免培养16S r DNA的PCR-DGGE指纹图谱技术,对刀鲚鳃、肠道壁、肠道内容物及水体环境中的菌群结构进行了对比分析。结果表明:变性梯度为35%~55%、浓度为8%的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶,150V 60℃下电泳10 h,DGGE带谱的分离效果较好;刀鲚鳃、肠道壁、肠道内容物及水体样品指纹图谱上分别显示出24、19、14和29条信号强度不同的条带;相同样品重复组细菌结构相似度在80%以上,差异不显著;不同样品之间,刀鲚鳃与海水聚为一支,具有较高的相似度为52%,肠壁与肠内容物相似度为41%。样品菌群主要以未培养菌为主,主要包括变形菌、放线菌和厚壁菌。本文首次成功构建海洋生境刀鲚菌群16S r DNA的PCR-DGGE指纹图谱。  相似文献   

Retrieving multi-scale climatic variations from high dimensional time-series MODIS green vegetation cover in a tropical/subtropical mountainous island     

CHANG Chung-te  WANG Hsueh-ching  HUANG Cho-ying 《山地科学学报》2014,11(2):407-420

【Title】
There are knowledge gaps in our understanding of vegetation responses to multi-scale climate-related variables in tropical/subtropical mountainous islands in the Asia-Pacific region. Therefore, this study investigated inter-annual vegetation dynamics and regular/irregular climate patterns in Taiwan. We applied principal component analysis （PCA） on 11 years （2001~2011） of high-dimensional monthly photosynthetically active vegetation cover （PV） derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） and investigated the relationships between spatiotemporal patterns of the eigenvectors and loadings of each component through time and multi-scale climate-related variations. Results showed that the first five components contributed to 96.4% of the total variance. The first component （PC1, explaining 94.5% of variance） loadings, as expected, were significantly correlated with the temporal dynamics of the PV （r = 0.94）, which was mainly governed by regional climate. The temporal loadings of PC2 and PC3 （0.8% and 0.6% of variance, respectively） were significantly correlated with the temporal dynamics of the PV of forests （r = 0.72） and the farmlands （r = 0.80）, respectively. The low-order components （PC4 and PC5, 0.3% and 0.2% of variance, respectively） were closely related to the occurrence of drought （r = 0.49） and to irregular ENSO associated climate anomalies （r = -0.54）, respectively. Pronounced correlations were also observed between PC5 and the Southern Oscillation Index （SOI） with one to three months of time lags （r = -0.35 ~ -0.43, respectively）, revealing biophysical memory effects on the time-series pattern of the vegetation through ENSO-related rainfall patterns. Our findings reveal that the sensitivity of the ecosystems in this tropical/subtropical mountainous island may not only be regulated by regional climate and human activities but also be susceptible to large-scale climate anomalies which are crucial and comparable to previous large scale analyses. This study demonstrates that PCA can be an effective tool for analyzing seasonal and inter-annual variability of vegetation dynamics across this tropical/subtropical mountainous islandin the Pacific Ocean, which provides an opportunity to forecast the responses and feedbacks of terrestrial environments to future climate scenarios.  相似文献   

Relationship between surface pollen assemblages and vegetation in Luonan Basin,Eastern Qinling Mountains,Central China     

ZHANG Wenchao  LI Chunhai  LU Huayu  TIAN Xianhua  ZHANG Hongyan  LEI Fang  TANG Lingyu 《地理学报》2014,24(3):427-445

The catchment of South Luohe River in Central China is an important region for investigating modern pollen-environment relationship, because it is located in the transitional zone between south and north China, an environment which is sensitive to climate changes. In this study, 40 surface samples under ten vegetation types were collected to reveal the relationship between pollen assemblages and vegetation. The results show that the surface pollen assemblages reflect the vegetation quite well. In forest topsoils, the average of arboreal pollen content is greater than 40%, and the Selaginella sinensis spore is high. As to sparse forest grassland and shrub community, the average arboreal pollen is 13.2% and 16.6% respectively, and the shrub pollen is relatively higher than that of grassland samples. The grassland and farmland are characterized by low percentage of tree and shrub pollen (<10% and <1%), and high percentage of herbs (>80%). Pinus, Quercus and some other arboreal pollen can indicate the regional vegetation because of their dispersal ability. Quercus pollen is under-representative and so is Pinus. Artemisia pollen is significantly over-represented, has poor correlation with the plant coverage, and may reflect human disturbance. Gramineae can indicate plant quite well, but with low representation. High content of Chenopodiaceae probably suggests human impact. Predominant Selaginella sinensis can be used as an indicator of forest environment. Cluster analysis and principal components analysis of pollen assemblages can distinguish forest and non-forest vegetation well. The former method is better at separating pine and mixed forests, while the latter is more stable and could better differentiate farmland and other non-forest area. The first axis of PCA mainly reflects the humidity.  相似文献   

ETM⁺(TM)蚀变遥感异常提取方法研究与应用——方法选择和技术流程   总被引：16，自引：3，他引：16  

张玉君  曾朝铭  陈薇 《国土资源遥感》2003,14(2):44-49

从原理、模型试验及实际数据处理等方面分析对比了比值法、光谱角法及主分量分析法的优劣;选择了以主分量分析为主、光谱角法为辅进行蚀变遥感异常的提取;引用了误差理论某些基本概念,以标准离差σ作为遥感异常切割的尺度;建立了"去干扰异常主分量门限化技术流程"。以西藏驱龙—甲马蚀变遥感异常群为例,展示了此技术的效果,并与高光谱研究结果进行了比较。  相似文献   

西藏尼洋河水生生物群落时空动态及与环境因子的关系:1.浮游植物     

刘海平  叶少文  杨雪峰  张良松  钟国辉  李钟杰 《湖泊科学》2013,25(5):695-706

于2008-2009年按照季节调查了西藏尼洋河浮游植物群落的组成、丰度和多样性,并运用多元统计方法定量分析了浮游植物的空间和季节变化特征及其与主要环境因子之间的关系.结果显示,尼洋河浮游植物共计7门29科48属,其中硅藻为优势浮游藻类.浮游植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(Pielou均匀度指数)在尼洋河中游(尼洋河下游)最高,其他河段呈下降趋势,符合中间高度膨胀假说.尼洋河沿程浮游植物的总丰度、物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数以及Pielou均匀度指数不存在显著差异,夏季的浮游植物物种丰富度与其他季节的存在显著差异,夏季总丰度与秋、冬季的存在显著差异,冬季的浮游植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与春季的存在显著差异,冬季的均匀度指数与其他3个季节的存在显著差异.尼洋河浮游植物季节演替依赖于外源性水源补充,沿程演替则与河道底质有着很大关系.典范对应分析(CCA)表明,尼洋河硅藻门舟形藻科的藻类与理化因子铵态氮、表层pH、表层水温相关,部分蓝藻以及绿藻与水质理化因子也存在着关联.分类回归树(CART)模型预测了尼洋河着生藻类时空分布与主要环境因子之间的定量关系,尼洋河浮游植物群落总丰度和均匀度指数受pH值影响较大,pH值低于8.0的水域浮游植物均匀度指数比pH值高于8.0的水域大,尼洋河浮游植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数受到河道底质影响较大,底质为黏土的水域浮游植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数较底质为砂石的大.这些关键环境因子对尼洋河水域浮游植物的时空变化有着重要的指示作用,建议加强对浮游植物及这些环境因子的关注,保障尼洋河水域生态环境的可持续发展.  相似文献   

Effect of seasonal flushing on nutrient export characteristics of an urbanizing,remote, ungauged coastal catchment   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gayan L. Gunaratne  Ryan I.J. Vogwill 《水文科学杂志》2017,62(5):800-817

Urbanization is a primary driver of nutrient export in coastal catchments; however, estimating the rate of export from urbanizing, remote and ungauged communities with episodic rainfall characteristics has rarely been reported in tropical and subtropical areas. In this study, the coastal catchment of Roebuck Bay near Broome, northwestern Australia, was instrumented to elucidate the effect of seasonal flushing on nutrient export. A cost-effective framework involving temporary gauging and community participation led to a quantitative estimate of surface hydrology and nutrient dynamics from this urbanizing, remote and ungauged catchment. The contribution of nutrient export was larger from the older Broome town site sub-catchments compared to sub-catchments that have been progressively urbanized since 2000. A distinctive seasonal first flush phenomenon, with an initial 30% of runoff volume containing 40–70% of the nutrient load was a key feature. This indicates there are opportunities for storm-water management to minimize impacts through adopting water-sensitive urban design principles.  相似文献   

Using principal component analysis in the investigation of groundwater hydrochemistry of Upper Jezireh Basin,Syria     

Boulos Abou Zakhem  Abdulrahman Al-Charideh  Bassam Kattaa 《水文科学杂志》2017,62(14):2266-2279

Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to hydrochemical and isotopic data of 34 groundwater samples. This allowed the reduction of 20 variables to four significant PCs that explain 81.9% of the total variance; F1 (47.1%) explains the groundwater mineralization, whereas F2 (17%) shows isotopic enrichment and nitrate pollution. Based on an iso-factor scores map of F1, three water zones were delineated: Zone A (F1 < ?1), with fresh groundwater from the unconfined aquifer; Zone B (1 > F1 > ?1), with moderate mineralization from the confined–unconfined aquifer boundary; and Zone C (F1 > 1), with the most mineralized hot water from the confined aquifer. The iso-factor scores map of F2 delineates positive values representing samples from the unconfined aquifer, with freshwater and nitrate contamination associated with stable isotope enrichment, whereas negative values represent samples from the confined aquifer. The results clearly demonstrate the usefulness of PCA in groundwater hydrochemistry investigations.  相似文献   

Deep neural network for complex open-water wetland mapping using high-resolution WorldView-3 and airborne LiDAR data     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

Wetland inventory maps are essential information for the conservation and management of natural wetland areas. The classification framework is crucial for successful mapping of complex wetlands, including the model selection, input variables and training procedures. In this context, deep neural network (DNN) is a powerful technique for remote sensing image classification, but this model application for wetland mapping has not been discussed in the previous literature, especially using commercial WorldView-3 data. This study developed a new framework for wetland mapping using DNN algorithm and WorldView-3 image in the Millrace Flats Wildlife Management Area, Iowa, USA. The study area has several wetlands with a variety of shapes and sizes, and the minimum mapping unit was defined as 20 m² (0.002 ha). A set of potential variables was derived from WorldView-3 and auxiliary LiDAR data, and a feature selection procedure using principal components analysis (PCA) was used to identify the most important variables for wetland classification. Furthermore, traditional machine learning methods (support vector machine, random forest and k-nearest neighbor) were also implemented for the comparison of results. In general, the results show that DNN achieved satisfactory results in the study area (overall accuracy = 93.33 %), and we observed a high spatial overlap between reference and classified wetland polygons (Jaccard index ∼0.8). Our results confirm that PCA-based feature selection was effective in the optimization of DNN performance, and vegetation and textural indices were the most informative variables. In addition, the comparison of results indicated that DNN classification achieved relatively similar accuracies to other methods. The total classification errors vary from 0.104 to 0.111 among the methods, and the overlapped areas between reference and classified polygons range between 87.93 and 93.33 %. Finally, the findings of this study have three main implications. First, the integration of DNN model and WorldView-3 image is useful for wetland mapping at 1.2-m, but DNN results did not outperform other methods in this study area. Second, the feature selection was important for model performance, and the combination of most relevant input parameters contributes to the success of all tested models. Third, the spatial resolution of WorldView-3 is appropriate to preserve the shape and extent of small wetlands, while the application of medium resolution image (30-m) has a negative impact on the accurate delineation of these areas. Since commercial satellite data are becoming more affordable for remote sensing users, this study provides a framework that can be utilized to integrate very high-resolution imagery and deep learning in the classification of complex wetland areas.  相似文献