Imaging spectroscopy in soil-water based site suitability assessment for artificial regeneration to Scots pine     

Maarit Middleton  Paavo Nrhi  Raimo Sutinen 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2011,66(3):287-297

In a humid northern boreal climate, the success rate of artificial regeneration to Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) can be improved by including a soil water content (SWC) based assessment of site suitability in the reforestation planning process. This paper introduces an application of airborne visible-near-infrared imaging spectroscopic data to identify suitable subregions of forest compartments for the low SWC-tolerant Scots pine. The spatial patterns of understorey plant species communities, recorded by the AISA (Airborne Imaging Spectrometer for Applications) sensor, were demonstrated to be dependant on the underlying SWC. According to the nonmetric multidimensional scaling and correlation results twelve understorey species were found to be most abundant on sites with high soil SWCs. The abundance of bare soil, rocks and abundance of more than ten species indicated low soil SWCs. The spatial patterns of understorey are attributed to time-stability of the underlying SWC patterns. A supervised artificial neural network (radial basis functional link network, probabilistic neural network) approach was taken to classify AISA imaging spectrometer data with dielectric (as a measure volumetric SWC) ground referencing into regimes suitable and unsuitable for Scots pine. The accuracy assessment with receiver operating characteristics curves demonstrated a maximum of 74.1% area under the curve values which indicated moderate success of the NN modelling. The results signified the importance of the training set’s quality, adequate quantity (>2.43 points/ha) and NN algorithm selection over the NN algorithm training parameter optimization to perfection. This methodology for the analysis of site suitability of Scots pine can be recommended, especially when artificial regeneration of former mixed wood Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) - downy birch (Betula pubenscens Ehrh.) stands is being considered, so that artificially regenerated areas to Scots pine can be optimized for forestry purposes.  相似文献   

基于多源遥感数据的生态系统保育土壤价值评估——以河北省北部四地市为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

许旭  李晓兵  韩念龙 《国土资源遥感》2011,(3):123-129

为了给合理地利用土地资源和科学地进行环境保护提供依据,利用多源遥感影像数据,结合气象数据、土壤属性数据与DEM,对河北北部地区生态系统的土壤保持量进行了评估,并参考《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》,对生态系统保护土壤肥力的价值与固土价值进行了评估.结果表明,研究区2008年度生态系统的土壤保持总量达到7.55亿t,对应...  相似文献   

Soil quality and human migration in Kenya and Uganda     

Clark L. Gray 《Global Environmental Change》2011,21(2):421-430

Soil degradation is widely considered to be a key factor undermining agricultural livelihoods in the developing world and contributing to rural out-migration. To date, however, few quantitative studies have examined the effects of soil characteristics on human migration or other social outcomes for potentially vulnerable households. This study takes advantage of a unique longitudinal survey dataset from Kenya and Uganda containing information on household-level soil properties to investigate the effects of soil quality on population mobility. Random effects multinomial logit models are used to test for effects of soil quality on both temporary and permanent migration while accounting for a variety of potential confounders. The analysis reveals that soil quality significantly reduces migration in Kenya, particularly for temporary labor migration, but marginally increases migration in Uganda. These findings are consistent with several previous studies in showing that adverse environmental conditions tend to increase migration but not universally, contrary to common assumptions about environmentally-induced migration.  相似文献   

Prediction of soil properties using imaging spectroscopy: Considering fractional vegetation cover to improve accuracy     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2015

Spectroscopic techniques have become attractive to assess soil properties because they are fast, require little labor and may reduce the amount of laboratory waste produced when compared to conventional methods. Imaging spectroscopy (IS) can have further advantages compared to laboratory or field proximal spectroscopic approaches such as providing spatially continuous information with a high density. However, the accuracy of IS derived predictions decreases when the spectral mixture of soil with other targets occurs. This paper evaluates the use of spectral data obtained by an airborne hyperspectral sensor (ProSpecTIR-VS – Aisa dual sensor) for prediction of physical and chemical properties of Brazilian highly weathered soils (i.e., Oxisols). A methodology to assess the soil spectral mixture is adapted and a progressive spectral dataset selection procedure, based on bare soil fractional cover, is proposed and tested. Satisfactory performances are obtained specially for the quantification of clay, sand and CEC using airborne sensor data (R² of 0.77, 0.79 and 0.54; RPD of 2.14, 2.22 and 1.50, respectively), after spectral data selection is performed; although results obtained for laboratory data are more accurate (R² of 0.92, 0.85 and 0.75; RPD of 3.52, 2.62 and 2.04, for clay, sand and CEC, respectively). Most importantly, predictions based on airborne-derived spectra for which the bare soil fractional cover is not taken into account show considerable lower accuracy, for example for clay, sand and CEC (RPD of 1.52, 1.64 and 1.16, respectively). Therefore, hyperspectral remotely sensed data can be used to predict topsoil properties of highly weathered soils, although spectral mixture of bare soil with vegetation must be considered in order to achieve an improved prediction accuracy.  相似文献   

The Energy Relationship between Ions and Soil Particles based on Wien Effect and Its Application in Soil Science     

《地球科学进展》2015,30(12):1295

The interaction between ions and soil particles plays an important role in the mobilization and bioavailability of ions in soils, which is one of the main research areas of soil chemistry. The new method based on suspension Wien effect has been developed recently to determine the binding energy and adsorption energy between ions and soil particles. Compared with other methods on the basis of adsorption isotherm or ions activity, Wien effect method has more advantages including convenience and direct measurement. The term suspension Wien effect refers to the increase of electrical conductivity of suspension with increasing applied electrical field. In this review paper, we introduced the fundamentals of suspension Wien effect, the apparatus about the Wien effect measurement, and along with demonstrating their application to quantifying the particles-ions interactions for several systems of soils. Our studies indicated that divalent cations have larger binding energies and adsorption energies on soil particles than monovalent because of the electrostatic interaction. However, few studies about the interaction between Cr³⁺ and La³⁺ on soil particles showed that the binding energy and adsorption energy of trivalent cations are lower than those of divalent cations because of hydrolysis. Soil properties such as soil organic matter, soil pH, and iron oxides significantly affected the binding energy and adsorption energy of ions. Our results deepened our understanding about the non specific adsorption of ions in soil chemistry, and enlarged the research area of soil chemistry in fundamental and methodology.  相似文献   

基于SMAP卫星雷达资料的海冰密集度反演技术研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

闻斌  周旋  种劲松  石立坚  叶小敏 《海洋学报》2018,40(6):29-39

SMAP是美国于2015年初发射的一颗卫星，搭载了L波段的雷达。它采用圆锥扫描方式，具有固定的入射角、较大的幅宽和千米级的分辨率，在海冰监测方面具有独特的优势。本文利用SMAP卫星雷达资料分别与德国Bremen大学海冰密集度产品和美国国家冰雪数据中心（NSIDC）海冰密集度产品建立3.125 km和25 km匹配数据集，分析了L波段雷达后向散射系数、极化比和归一化极化差与海冰密集度之间相关性，建立基于人工神经网络的海冰密集度反演算法。为了验证SMAP卫星雷达资料反演海冰密集度的精度，本文选择德国Bremen大学和美国冰雪数据中心发布的海冰密集度产品分别与SMAP海冰密集度产品进行对比分析，SMAP海冰密集度与Bremen海冰密集度的偏差为0.07、均方根误差为0.14；与NSIDC海冰密集度的偏差为0.04、均方根误差为0.18，这表明SMAP海冰密集度产品与现有业务化海冰密集度产品具有很好的一致性。  相似文献   

河南新郑—太康断裂东段土壤气体地球化学特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李源  马兴全  夏修军  谢恒义  王志铄  赵显刚 《地震》2018,38(3):49-57

土壤气浓度测量能够揭示断裂位置和活动特征。 由于河南新郑—太康断裂北西向隐伏断裂带空间定位精度有待提高, 以及2016年5月该区出现地下逸出气异常的宏观现象, 在太康县西近垂直于断裂走向布设了一条长约13 km的NE—NNE走向的地球化学观测剖面, 用于分析隐伏断层浅层位置及其与地下逸出气宏观异常的关系。 观测结果表明: 该剖面的异常段与该区浅层地震勘探显示的断裂带地表出露位置相吻合, 其中Rn体积活度和H₂、 CO₂浓度异常揭示出南段有4条断层, 北段有2条断层, 且均具有高角度特征, 南段的CO₂浓度异常区与地下逸出气宏观异常位置相符, 但代表构造特征的Rn体积活度和H₂浓度没有出现异常, 认为与构造关系不密切。  相似文献   

Regional soil organic carbon prediction model based on a discrete wavelet analysis of hyperspectral satellite data     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

Most studies have the achieved rapid and accurate determination of soil organic carbon (SOC) using laboratory spectroscopy; however, it remains difficult to map the spatial distribution of SOC. To predict and map SOC at a regional scale, we obtained fourteen hyperspectral images from the Gaofen-5 (GF-5) satellite and decomposed and reconstructed the original reflectance (OR) and the first derivative reflectance (FDR) using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) at different scales. At these different scales, as inputs, we selected the 3 optimal bands with the highest weight coefficient using principal component analysis and chose the normalized difference index (NDI), ratio index (RI) and difference index (DI) with the strongest correlation with the SOC content using a contour map method. These inputs were then used to build regional-scale SOC prediction models using random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM) and back-propagation neural network (BPNN) algorithms. The results indicated that: 1) at a low decomposition scale, DWT can effectively eliminate the noise in satellite hyperspectral data, and the FDR combined with DWT can improve the SOC prediction accuracy significantly; 2) the method of selecting inputs using principal component analysis and a contour map can eliminate the redundancy of hyperspectral data while retaining the physical meaning of the inputs. For the model with the highest prediction accuracy, the inputs were all derived from the wavelength range of SOC variations; 3) the differences in prediction accuracy among the different prediction models are small; and 4) the SOC prediction accuracy using hyperspectral satellite data is greatly improved compared with that of previous SOC prediction studies using multispectral satellite data. This study provides a highly robust and accurate method for predicting and mapping regional SOC contents.  相似文献   

贵州省沿河县耕地土壤酸化现状及改良对策   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

夏瑞  谢东明  张与伦 《贵州地质》2020,37(3):409-415

土壤酸化是耕地退化的一种表现形式，在酸性、强酸性土壤中，多数农作物的生长会受到影响，会明显降低作物的生产能力。本文通过对比沿河县1980—1981年第二次土壤普查和2017—2019年耕地质量地球化学调查评价成果数据，分析全县土壤酸化现状和规律。结果表明，全县耕地土壤pH值分布于399880之间，平均为610。与1980—1981年第二次土壤普查时期相比，全县主要耕地土壤类型pH平均值均有下降，其中黄壤pH值降幅为591%；石灰土降幅为759%，从中性下降为酸性；紫色土降幅为2209%，从碱性降为酸性；全县主要土地利用类型土壤酸化范围变大，主要从中性转化为酸性，酸性转化为强酸性，耕地土壤酸化程度加深，水田酸化程度高于旱地。建议通过推进测土配方施肥工作合理调整化肥施用比例，大力提高耕地土壤有机质含量，积极推广使用石灰、白云石、粉煤灰、碱渣、生物质碳等生物改良剂，因地制宜建立土壤改良示范点等多项对策来缓解和治理耕地土壤酸化。  相似文献   

Reliability of mooring lines and piles for a permanently manned vessel in a tropical cyclone environment     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

The factors of safety for stationkeeping systems in current standards (ISO, API) are not derived or validated using reliability analyses. As the oil and gas exploration and production is breaking new boundaries, deploying new floating systems and moving into regions with harsher environments, it is of paramount importance to understand what level of reliability these new marine structures are achieving. This paper presents a reliability analysis of the mooring system of a Floating LNG (FLNG) vessel permanently moored and permanently manned offshore North West Australia in a tropical cyclone environment. The reliability analysis addresses both the mooring chain and the pile foundation. The analysis accounts for the long term characteristics of the environment, including the short term variability, in response to a given sea state and the variability and uncertainty in strength of the mooring chain and the pile. The stationkeeping system was analysed using detailed time domain simulations, capturing system non-linearities and low frequency oscillations as well as wave frequency responses and, thereby, reducing modelling uncertainties to a minimum.It is found that for the conditions modelled, neither the chain nor the pile meet a target reliability of 10⁻⁴/annum using the factors of safety commonly used in design following current ISO and API standards. New factors of safety are proposed to achieve this target reliability. For the pile design, one complicating factor is that current design standards do not explicitly define the exceedance probability that should be associated with the characteristic value of the undrained shear strength to be used in the design. It is demonstrated that the required factor of safety is crucially dependent on the definition of this characteristic value and on the level and the type of uncertainty in the soil strength profile. A recommendation is made regarding the definition of this characteristic value and the associated factor of safety. Furthermore, it is found that designing the mooring system to an environmental condition with a return period of 10,000 yr (as an Abnormal Limit State event), and setting the factor of safety to unity, meets the target reliability of 10⁻⁴/annum for the pile, if the characteristic undrained shear strength is a lower bound, defined in this paper by the 10th percentile value. For the chain however, this target reliability is not achieved.  相似文献